scholarly journals Virtual Prototyping for Open Building Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
ŞEule Taşlı Pektaş ◽  
Bülent Özgüç
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Conventional Design ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Design Media

This paper re-visits the basic premises of open building: designing for change as well as for stability, including the users in the design decision-making processes, and disentangling the building systems into the levels and allowing replacement; then, addresses the limitations of conventional design media in terms of the capabilities to support these aims. It is discussed that the design media should be predictive, dynamic, and interactive. Virtual prototyping as an enabling technology is reviewed and proposals are made for the future use of this technology for open building design.

An Analysis of Congestion During Running Events from the Perspective of Runners: Prevalence, Impact on Safety and Satisfaction, and Preferred Controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Peckover ◽  
Aldo Raineri ◽  
Aaron T Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to examine the views of runners regarding their experiences with congestion during running events, including its prevalence, its impact on their safety and satisfaction, and their preferred controls to mitigate congestion. Runners (n = 222) with varied experience participating in running events (1-5+ years, 5-km races to Ultramarathons, and a mixture of road, trail, and cross-country events) completed an electronic survey. The survey was developed to assess the characteristics of respondents, whether they have experienced congestion during running events, the impact of congestion they have experienced during running events on their safety and satisfaction, and their preferred controls for congestion during running events. Survey data indicated runners had experienced some form of congestion prior to the race in the start corrals (93% of respondents), as the race started (97% of respondents), and during the race while running (88% of respondents). In turn, 73% of respondents indicated their experiences with congestion somewhat to extremely (i.e., rating of at least 3 on a 5-point Likert scale) negatively impacted their satisfaction with an event, while 43% of respondents indicated congestion somewhat to extremely negatively impacted their safety during an event. Regarding the impact of congestion on runner safety, 38% of respondents indicated they had slipped, while 27% of respondents indicated they had fallen during running events due to congestion. Further, congestion was attributed to injuries sustained (9%) and not finishing a race due to sustaining an injury (5%) during running events in some respondents. Respondents identified seeding runners based on previous run times (91%), use of wave starts (91%), and designing courses with limited pinch points, U-turns, and narrow paths (89%) as their most preferred controls to mitigate congestion during running events. Respondents resoundingly indicated self-seeding is not an effective method of managing congestion during running events. This study provides novel evidence that congestion is an issue for runners during running events, subsequently diminishing their satisfaction with events and posing safety concerns. In this way, race directors should involve runners in their decision-making processes when implementing appropriate controls to combat congestion for minimising injury risk to runners and ensuring a viable participant base remains attracted to their events in the future.

Getting to the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Michael K. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Shared Futures ◽  
Deliberative Processes

This chapter makes three arguments in support of the claim that we need inclusive deliberative processes to shape the future in collectively intentional, mutually accommodating ways. First, inclusive collective decision-making processes are needed to avoid futures that favour the interests of some groups of people over others. Second, deliberative processes are needed to shape our shared futures in collectively intentional ways: we need to be able to talk to ourselves about what we are doing and where we want to get to in the future. Third, deliberative exchanges are needed to help collectivities avoid the policy oscillations that are (or may be) associated with the political dynamics of short electoral cycles. Effective processes of reciprocal reason giving can help collectivities maintain policy continuity over the long term—when continuity is justified—even as governments and generations change.

scholarly journals Highly esteemed science: An analysis of attitudes towards and perceived attributes of science in letters to the editor in two Dutch newspapers

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Stefan P.L. de Jong ◽  
Elena Ketting ◽  
Leonie van Drooge
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Societal Progress ◽  
Attitudes Towards Science ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Understanding attitudes towards science is crucial to safeguard the future of science, the application of its results and the inclusivity of decision-making processes related to science and technology. Most studies focus on attributes of social groups to explain attitudes towards science. In this study, we aim to move the discussion forward by focusing on perceived attributes of science itself by analysing over 300 letters to the editor in two Dutch national newspapers. The authors of these letters express a large degree of trust in science as a source of societal progress, if research is conducted according to a specific set of rules. Yet, they believe that these rules are under attack. The interests of universities as organizations and individual academics as well as the involvement of industry and government in research are perceived as conflicting with these rules. We conclude with recommendations for further research and practice.

The future of national tourism organisations marketing functions – there is no future?

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Friendship Groups ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of two micro trends on the future marketing functions of national tourism organisations (NTOs): the increasing power of individuals and the irreverence of NTO’s current marketing functions. Design/methodology/approach Through a discussion of the literature driving the two identified micro-trends, a number of supportive sub-micro trends were also identified and explored. Findings The paper concludes that NTO’s have failed to recognise the growing distrust of monolithic organisations. NTO’s seem to be more concerned about their own survival, rather than providing a service to both their citizens and tourists. Also NTO’s have failed to acknowledge that tourists are much more confident in making their own decisions, based on marketing information from their own trusted “closed friendship groups”, rather than relying on NTO’s. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on a discussion of issues from only two micro-trends, but tourist decision-making processes may be more complex than suggested. Practical implications The paper concludes that in the near future there will be an increasing rejection of NTO’s marketing information, and in the longer term this may result in the demise of NTO’s. However, if NTO’s are to survive, it suggests two actions they could take to ensure their future relevance to both its citizens and tourists. Social implications Questioning whether national/state organisations always act in the best interests of its citizens, challenges the trust in NTO’s. The paper suggests that NTO’s recognise that their power relationships are more strongly linked to ideals of nationhood and endorsement by their international peers, rather than providing services to tourists. Originality/value This paper questions the implicate assumption that NTO’s should be a trusted source of marketing information. It suggests that NTO’s have failed to recognise the changing methods tourist use to help in their decision making.

Virtual Prototyping for Product Demanufacture and Service Using a Virtual Design Studio Approach

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rosen ◽  
Bert Bras ◽  
Farrokh Mistree ◽  
Ashok Goel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Virtual Prototypes ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract Virtual prototyping is the replacement of hardware prototypes by computational prototypes of systems and the processes that they may undergo. The particular domain of investigation is product demanufacture and service. By catching downstream problems early in the design process through the use of virtual prototypes, more environmentally friendly and easily serviceable products should result. The approach to virtual prototyping pursued here is to combine simulation and human interaction with virtual environment technologies, resulting in a Virtual Design Studio. In the Studio, people will simulate demanufacturing and servicing processes on product models, then incorporate the simulation results into design decision making. The Studio will operate on a design studio metaphor, analogous to the desk-top metaphor utilized in Macintosh computers. This paper represents work in progress. The research program undertaken to construct such a Studio is reported and motivated, an initial design studio metaphor is articulated, and current progress is summarized.

Opportunities and Challenges of Visualization and Open Data in Food Security Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 748-772
Author(s):  
Thida Chaw Hlaing ◽  
Julian Prior
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Statistical Literacy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Statistical literacy presents many aspects about food security in the world. It highlights weaknesses, it creates awareness of threats in current situations, helps overcome challenges and creates opportunities for the future. Statistical data analysis enables existing food security interventions and programs to be reviewed and revised, and this better understanding of current situations enables more authoritative and relevant decision-making processes for the future. Statistical literacy involves skills and expertise in data description and interpretation (in words as well as in numbers) to name, explore and amend beliefs, opinions and suggestions. It helps decision-making processes about food security in a sub-nation, nation and region, as well as the world. This chapter will demonstrate the importance of open data and visualization, including its challenges and opportunities, in the food security context at national and global level to make decision-makers aware of the need to enhance their capacity for and investment in statistical literacy.

The key factors for the engagement of primary stakeholders in decision-making for the future care of people with dementia living in the community: a systematic integrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1731-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lai ◽  
Yun-Hee Jeon ◽  
Heather McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Primary Key ◽  
Person With Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:Engagement of people with dementia who are living in the community, their family or carers, and healthcare professionals in decision-making related to their future care is an area yet to be explored in the literature. In particular, little is known about the factors most likely to underpin their engagement.Objectives:To identify key factors for the engagement of the person with dementia living in the community, as well as their family or carer and their healthcare professionals in decision-making processes related to future care.Design:This is an integrative review guided by the PRISMA guidelines; the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality. MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched for articles published from 2012 to 2018 that focused on people with dementia who live in the community, their family or carers, and community-based healthcare professionals.Results:Twenty articles were included in the review, and six key factors were identified through thematic analysis: knowledge and understanding of dementia and decision-making for the future, valuing decision-making for the future, healthcare professionals’ communication skills, timing of initiating conversations, relationship quality, and orientation to the future.Conclusion:This review identifies the six key factors required for the engagement of the three primary key stakeholders in decision-making about the future care of people with dementia. It also situates the factors within the complex context in which people with dementia, their family or carers, and healthcare professionals typically find themselves.

Community-based Treatment for Young Adult Offenders

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Staffing Patterns ◽  
Total Program

A two-year project aimed at developing conceptual, operating, and architectural designs for advanced correctional practice was undertaken by the Institute for the Study of Crime and Delin quency from 1966 to 1968. This paper sets forth the distinguish ing features of the resulting proposal for a community-based correctional program for young adult offenders. From three to five 48-bed residential centers will be located in high-delinquency areas to combine the program services now performed by correc tional institutions and parole divisions. Highlights of the pro gram development process are discussed in terms of organization al design, decision-making processes, staff roles, staffing patterns, and feedback and evaluation of program processes. A group treatment model is briefly described as only one of several treatment approaches that can be accommodated by the total program design.

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