Allies will seek reassurance from next US president

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Sub Saharan

Significance Trump's statements on foreign policy have vexed the leaders of countries allied with the United States, particularly NATO members and in East Asia. Both Clinton and Trump have sought to distinguish their approach to foreign policy from that of President Barack Obama. However, the next president will face structural constraints on a dramatic overhaul of the US national security architecture. Impacts The unknown quality of Trump's foreign policy advisers could lead to erratic policymaking. Washington's ability to promote nuclear restraint in international institutions is likely to diminish. US allies' uncertainty will probably encourage greater national expenditure on defence procurements. A Trump victory would likely undermine international climate governance arrangements. Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America policy is likely to be set by lower-level policy officials than the immediate White House circle.

US grand strategy after the Cold War: Can realism explain it? Should realism guide it?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Walt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Policy Elites

This article uses realism to explain past US grand strategy and prescribe what it should be today. Throughout its history, the United States has generally acted as realism depicts. The end of the Cold War reduced the structural constraints that states normally face in anarchy, and a bipartisan coalition of foreign policy elites attempted to use this favorable position to expand the US-led ‘liberal world order’. Their efforts mostly failed, however, and the United States should now return to a more realistic strategy – offshore balancing – that served it well in the past. Washington should rely on local allies to uphold the balance of power in Europe and the Middle East and focus on leading a balancing coalition in Asia. Unfortunately, President Donald Trump lacks the knowledge, competence, and character to pursue this sensible course, and his cavalier approach to foreign policy is likely to damage America’s international position significantly.

US diplomatic service will be downsized and degraded

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Foreign Policy Crises

Subject The State Department. Significance The US State Department’s third-ranking official and most senior career diplomat, Tom Shannon, announced his departure on February 1. While the 60-year old Shannon said he was stepping down for personal reasons, he is only the latest in a stream of senior career diplomats who have left since Donald Trump became president a year ago and appointed Rex Tillerson as secretary of state with a mandate to downsize the department. Impacts Minimising the benefits of diplomacy in favour of military action could exacerbate foreign policy crises and conflicts. White House heel-dragging on filling posts both 'streamlines' State and avoids congressional confirmation scrutiny of political nominees. Concerned that State wields little influence with the White House, Congress will be more assertive in the foreign policy process. Other powers -- particularly US allies -- will seek and have increased direct influence on the White House, cutting out State.

scholarly journals Military Interventions As Omitted Variable Of Inversed Democratic Peace: An Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4/2019) ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Srđan Korać ◽  
Nenad Stekić
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

The paper examines the relationship between military interventions and democratisation processes which took place in targeted states. While many researchers try to identify relationship between the regime type and countries’ war proneness, the authors of this paper put these two variables in a reversed order. To test this so-called “inversed democratic peace” thesis based on an argument that an ongoing war is likely to lead to democratisation, we focus our analysis on the US interventions in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and FR Yugoslavia (Kosovo). We deploy three variables: 1) Foreign policy similarity, to determine whether the intervening actor (USA) had similar or different foreign policy goals at the beginning of interventions; 2) Political regime similarity, to indicate whether there were any deviations in the quality of political regime between the intervening state and the target country, as indicated by the democratic peace postulates; 3) military interventions (independent variable). Foreign policy score includes S score dataset developed by Curtis S. Signorino and Jeffrey M. Ritter (1999), while for the political regime quality, the authors deploy Polity IV data. Statistical analysis including Pearsonʼs correlation, logistic regression and descriptive statistics, will be presented for specific dyad level in three specifically designated models. The authors conclude that it is more likely that military interventions affect further democratisation of the targeted post-conflict societies, if observed in a short term rather than in longitudinal domain, while the foreign policy similarity (with the United States) positively correlates in cases with more successful democratisation process.

Papal visit is part of Cuba's international opening

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Paris Club

Significance Cuba is working on many fronts to advance its international insertion after the breakthrough restoration of diplomatic ties with the United States. However, progress is gradual and uneven. A first agreement on Cuba's debt has been reached with the Paris Club, underscoring Cuba's interest in regaining access to financial markets. The Latin American Development Bank (CAF) is the first international financial institution to engage with Cuba, but broader cooperation still faces difficulties. Impacts The popular pope's visit will strengthen the Church's political position as Cuba's most important non-state institution. It will also add to pressure on the US Congress from the White House to lift sanctions. Cooperation with CAF and other bodies will require Cuba to supply transparent and comprehensive economic data -- mostly still lacking. Economic reform is likely to see major new liberalisation measures before the Communist Party congress scheduled for April 2016.

US F-16 sale will strengthen Taiwan's China-sceptics

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
The Us ◽  
Total Price ◽  
Trump Administration

Subject The US decision to sell advanced F-16 fighter jets to Taiwan. Significance The Trump administration has authorised the sale to Taiwan of 66 advanced F-16 fighter jets, the most coveted item among Taipei's wish-list of arms purchases from the United States. Taiwan has sought the purchase of advanced fighter aircraft for years, but the White House under both George W Bush and Barack Obama agreed only to upgrades for Taiwan's existing F-16 fleet. The total price is estimated to reach about 8 billion dollars. Impacts The arms sale will provide a boost in confidence for Taiwan, which has been falling behind China in defence capabilities. US-Taiwan cooperation will increase, despite Washington not formally recognising Taiwan as a sovereign nation. Taipei will seek dialogue with Beijing, but will be rebuffed at least until after the 2020 elections. Any sanctions China imposes because of the arms sale will probably be folded into future trade negotiations with Washington.

scholarly journals ASCP's Partners for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8s-8s
Author(s):  
Danny A. Milner ◽  
Blair Holladay
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
White House ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract 38 A primary goal of any health care system should be to attain universal access for all patients within a catchment area. The cancer care model requires that physicians encountering patients who they suspect of having a malignancy have access to a system that ensures rapid, accurate, and reliable pathology for primary diagnosis of cancer. Sub-Saharan Africa faces immense challenges in providing adequate coverage. Each region, country, and district has unique obstacles to overcome when meeting the health needs of the population. The American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP), in partnership with the White House Office of Science Technology Policy and the Clinton Global Initiative, recently launched a $26.5 million multi-year initiative. The initiative begins with assessment of potential countries with the greatest need--including collaboration and capacity program building with local officials and staff--to deploy full service pathology infrastructure for eligible countries to strategically meet their population needs. Working in parallel and together, steering committees for Diagnostics and Technology, Care and Treatment, In-Country Medical Education, Bioethics, and Monitoring & Evaluation have focused on each potential country to optimize success. The maximal intervention includes deployment of automated histopathology systems and integrated whole slide imaging systems. Imaging systems are linked through a customized laboratory information system to a dedicated team of pathologists from the United States. This long-term project will roll out to 10 or more countries in Africa as well as Haiti. An overview of the project will be presented as well as experiences data from countries launched to date. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from either author.

Using a framework for resource stratification to adapt palliative care guidelines to Sub-Saharan Africa.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Dans ◽  
Kunuz Abdella ◽  
Dinah Baah-Odoom ◽  
Rinty Kintu ◽  
Israel Kolawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan

145 Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is a not-for-profit alliance of 27 leading cancer centers in the United States (US), but the NCCN’s mission to improve cancer care extends world-wide. Nearly half of the registered users of the NCCN Guidelines are based outside the US, and the NCCN has developed a process for adapting its Guidelines to lower-resourced settings. The cancer burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is significant – by 2030, annual cancer deaths in the region are projected to reach 1,000,000 people – and most cancers diagnosed in SSA are late-stage. Methods: The NCCN Framework outlines a rational approach for constructing cancer management systems to provide the highest achievable care. Each of the 4 NCCN Framework levels builds on the one before it, so care can evolve as resources grow: “Basic Resources” are essential for care; “Core Resources” add services improving disease outcomes; and “Enhanced Resources” include more cost-prohibitive services. The Guidelines themselves are the final level: evidence-based, consensus-driven recommendations from each NCCN Panel. Resource-stratification begins with modification of the Guidelines by a NCCN Framework Committee within each Panel. Results: In the case of SSA, organizers from the NCCN, American Cancer Society, Clinton Health Access Initiative, and IBM arranged 3 consensus meetings in which resource-stratified drafts of the Guidelines for Palliative Care and Cancer Pain will be refined by a committee of NCCN representatives, oncologists, and palliative care providers from Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, and the US. Important themes emerging from the first meeting included early screening for palliative care needs, even before tissue diagnosis, in areas with limited availability of anti-cancer therapy. In addition, cultural differences on the topic of “Physician-Aid-in-Dying” led to its replacement with guidance on caring for patients expressing a wish to die. Conclusions: Collaboration with colleagues in SSA, and other areas around the globe, to resource-stratify NCCN Guidelines will allow more systematic use of the guidelines and improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of cancer care.

The Foreign Policy of the USA Towards the PRC During Gerald Ford Presidency: 1974-1977

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Anatoliy V. Goncharenko ◽  
Lybov G. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
White House ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The article researches the US foreign policy towards the PRC during Gerald Ford presidency in 1974-1977. It describes the reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of the US foreign policy strategy in the Chinese direction during the investigated period. There was explored the practical realization of the “Pacific Doctrine”by Washington. The role of various groups in the American establishment in the question of the formation of the Chinese White House policy has been analyzed. The specific foreign policy actions of the administration of the US president Gerald Fordon the PRC in 1974-1977 are analyzed. The chief results of the foreign policy of the administration of the President of the United States Gerald Ford (1974-1977) concerning the PRC, which resulted from the real political steps taken by the leaders of both countries, was the establishment of systematic and reliable channels of bilateral ties, expansion of economic, scientific and cultural contacts, the beginning of a systematic exchange of views on the most important issues of international relations. In the second half of the 70’s of the twentieth century this dialogue ensured the continuity of China’s policy in Washington, which was based on the concept of a “balance of power”, while China played a complementary role in the foreign policy strategy of the White House. These factors formed the “Pacific Doctrine” of G. Ford, which gave Beijing the status of an American partner in maintaining a balance of power in the Asia-Pacific region and consolidated a positive assessment of the place and role of the People’s Republic of China in Asian politics in the United States of America. The return of American political thought to the ideas of the combination policy occurred in the formation of US-Soviet strategic parity and awareness of the ruling circles in the United States, due to the defeat in Vietnam, the limited resources of force influence on the international situation. Started in the United States the study of China’s behavior in the international arena and its power parameters made it possible then to draw a preliminary conclusion that the People’s Republic of China can fill the place of the missing link in the “triangle” of the global scheme – a place of counterweight to the USSR; this required the removal of a US-Chinese confrontation. However, the socio-political and ideological contradictions that were pushed to the foreground on the initial stage of the Chinese policy of the administration of G. Ford and the process of normalization of bilateral relations, again made themselves felt at a later stage. Their injection was promoted by the logic of the development of bilateral US-China relations, as well as by a number of internal objective and subjective reasons, as in the People’s Republic of China (a sharp increase in the struggle for power connected with the illness and death of Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong), and in the United States (Gerald Ford made certain curtseys towards the American right-wing conservative forces and began to intensify approaches to Beijing and Moscow, and also the presidential campaign of 1976). Keywords: the USA, PRC, China, foreign policy, American-Chinese relations, “Pacific Doctrine”, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger , Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping.

Factors influencing quality corporate governance in Sub Saharan Africa: an empirical study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Waweru
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose – This study aims to examine the factors influencing the quality of corporate governance in South Africa (SA). Firm-level variables including performance, firm size, leverage, investment opportunities and audit quality were identified from the corporate governance literature. Design/methodology/approach – The study used ordinary least squares regression on firm-specific and corporate governance variables obtained from panel data of 247-firm years obtained from the annual reports of the 50 largest companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Securities Exchange of SA. Findings – This study found leverage, firm size and investment opportunities as the main factors influencing the quality of corporate governance in SA. Research limitations/implications – The research findings should be interpreted in the light of the following limitations. First, the study sample consists of the 50 largest firms listed in the JSE of SA. Because these are large companies, the results may not be generalized to other smaller firms operating in SA. Second, this study is constrained to SA. Firms in other developing countries may differ from their SA counterparts. Originality/value – The results of this study are important to the King Committee and other corporate governance regulators in Sub-Saharan Africa, in their effort to improve corporate governance practices and probably minimize corporate failure and protect the well-being of the minority shareholders. Furthermore, the study contributes to our understanding of the variables affecting the quality of corporate governance in developing economies of Africa.

US Congress will seek greater foreign policy control

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Control ◽  
Sticking Point

Significance The resolution was a Democratic attempt at damage control after comments by a newly elected caucus member that were perceived as anti-Semitic: the party fears being tagged as ‘anti-Israel’ before 2020’s elections. This resolution is the latest move in a brewing congressional battle over the Boycott-Divest-Sanction movement, which brings together several US anti-Israel groups. The rallying cry for this issue is the proposed Israel Anti-Boycott Act, which has 292 co-sponsors in the House and 58 in the Senate. Impacts The White House will resist congressional efforts to limit the president’s foreign policy powers. The US-Mexico-Canada Agreement will be agreed but could be delayed for final changes. Congress will seek a greater role on US North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Iran policy. US-Russia policy will be a sticking point between the Democrats and Trump White House.

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