Vietnam’s new leaders will prioritise economy

Significance CPV members will elect a 200-person Central Committee, which in turn will elect a Politburo, the party’s highest-ranking body. It is widely expected that Nguyen Phu Trong will step down as CPV general secretary, as party rules limit senior officials to two terms in office. Impacts Vietnam will promptly ratify the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which it signed with 14 other countries in November. Hanoi will count on the United States dialling down pressure over trade-related disagreements during Joe Biden’s presidency. Vietnam will continue to attract foreign investors looking to relocate capital from China.

Significance In contrast to this tariff escalation, eagerness to preserve the multilateral, rules-based economic order is drawing Asian countries into inter-regional trade agreements. Negotiations are ongoing to bring into effect a 16-state Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and an eleven-member Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Impacts Absent US involvement in the trade agreements, China will champion its own version of global free trade. Modifications within the CPTPP may reduce any incentive for the United States to rejoin. A US withdrawal from the WTO would weaken dispute systems used by smaller countries.


Subject The implications for China of Donald Trump's election as US president. Significance Donald Trump was elected president of the United States on November 8, after a campaign in which he blamed China's trade policy for damaging US industry. He threatened trade sanctions on China, but also questioned the value of US military alliances with countries on its periphery. Impacts Beijing's first priority will be preventing a showdown on bilateral trade. Isolationism in the United States would free China's hand in dealing with maritime disputes. Climate change 'denial' is not an issue in China, so here Washington will vacate the moral high ground to Beijing. Stalled progress in the Trans-Pacific Partnership leaves the China-backed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership as the alternative.


Significance Beijing’s announcement came shortly after it and 14 other Asia-Pacific countries signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the world’s largest free trade agreement (FTA). Some US partners want Washington to join the CPTPP. Impacts As the largest economy in RCEP, China will have greater leverage in defining trade standards in the region. RCEP’s standardised rules of origin will enable its members to strengthen supply chains within the bloc. The United States remaining outside the CPTPP could diminish the pact’s appeal to the United Kingdom, which wants to become a member.


Subject South-east Asia's push for trade agreements. Significance Late last month, an Indonesian delegation led by Trade Minister Enggartiasto Lukita began a week of negotiations in Washington to lobby against the withdrawal of trade preferences for Indonesian exports to the United States. Meanwhile, South-east Asian states are involved in two major trade agreements: the 11-member Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the 16-state Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Impacts US trade reprisals against Indonesia could weaken Jakarta’s support for Washington’s diplomatic pressure on North Korea. The US-China tariff escalation could prompt partners to redirect some of their trade, boosting trade between Taiwan and South-east Asia. ASEAN Economic Community integration will be slow despite progress in RCEP and the CPTPP.


Subject Taiwan growth prospects. Significance Taiwan’s GDP grew by 3.38% year-on-year in October-December 2019. This is an acceleration from 2.6% year-on-year growth in the second quarter to 3.0% in the third. Consumer spending has grown steadily, while investment reshoring and exports to the United States have grown even more strongly due to trade diversion designed to mitigate the impact of US-China trade tensions. Impacts Taiwan is not currently part of the Asia Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and its exclusion may limit its trade opportunities. If Taiwan learns from Japan’s experience of adjusting to an ageing population, automated social services could emerge as leading sectors. The president has a renewed mandate to introduce reforms aimed at raising wages and creating jobs, especially in high-skill industries.


Significance In the short term, it strengthened the party chairman and Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas. Abbas prevented his major rival, Mohammad Dahlan, and his supporters from attending. He was unanimously re-elected, and at least 16 of the 18 seats on the Central Committee also went to Abbas loyalists. Despite expectations, there were no efforts to bring in new blood or name a deputy to succeed the 81-year-old Abbas. Impacts Reactions to an incoming Trump administration in the United States could undermine the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. If the US Embassy relocates to Jerusalem, the Palestinian reaction will be violent. While the situation remains frozen, both Hamas and Fatah will lose further popular support. Competition among potential successors to Abbas will intensify.


Significance Tensions have risen since Syrian government shelling killed seven Turkish soldiers and a civilian contractor in north-western Syria on February 3. Although President Recep Tayyip Erdogan blames Damascus for the deaths, Russian-Turkish relations have sunk to their lowest point since 2016. Turkey is threatening to use force against Syrian troops, Russia’s close allies, if necessary. Impacts Erdogan will resume dialogue with the United States, against opposition from his enemies in Washington. Turkey’s internal financial difficulties will grow, and foreign investors will continue to leave. Erdogan will clamp down further on the opposition.


Author(s):  
Anastasia Dermenzhi

Since the Asia-Pacific region became a world developed region, the issues of its future and the future of the global system have become closely related. The development of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership project appears to be an effort to lead the integration processes in the APAC. The article examines the slow flow of the initiative from ASEAN to China, the collision of the interests of the United States and China. The author describes the process of transformation of a partially hegemonic order and the formation of a multipolar relations system regional version.


Author(s):  
K. O. Chudinova

The Trump administration’s economic policy has led to increased uncertainty, disruption to global value chains, decline in trade in the Asia-Pacific region. Amid the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, revising NAFTA, imposing tariffs, decoupling from the Chinese economy, Japan, China and other economies in the Asia Pacific are trying to develop new mechanisms to increase stability in the region and protect their production networks. One way to improve the situation is to conclude intra-regional and inter-regional free trade agreements, the number of which is increasing. At present, there are two competing mega-FTA projects of China and Japan – the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. The United States is with moderate success developing its own format of a free and open Indo-Pacific, which is partly a counterbalance to the RCEP. The US also concludes bilateral agreements, such as first phases of trade deals with Japan and China. However, winning the negotiating table, the United States can seriously lose in competitiveness, as regional integration develops further and often without the participation of America.


Subject The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Significance Shortly after Donald Trump was sworn in as US president on January 20, his administration announced withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement. This leaves the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which unlike TPP includes China, as Asia's most ambitious planned regional trade agreement. The RCEP encompasses North-east Asia, South-east Asia, India, Australia and New Zealand. It has so far received less attention than the larger, more comprehensive TPP, but is now more likely to happen. Impacts The TPP's collapse leaves China as the leader of large-scale regional economic integration, with the RCEP as the main pillar. The RCEP will probably be more open to new members than the TPP would have been. The RCEP may enhance the regional and global role of China, potentially contributing to bilateral rivalry with the United States.


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