The Comparison of Production Situation and Technical Efficiency of Grape between Open Field and Protected Cultivation in China

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyang Ma ◽  
Weisong Mu ◽  
Jianying Feng ◽  
Xiaoping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Production Situation

scholarly journals Growing Tomato under Protected Cultivation Conditions: Overall Effects on Productivity, Nutritional Yield, and Pest Incidences

Crops ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Paola Sotelo-Cardona ◽  
Mei-Ying Lin ◽  
Ramasamy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Positive Effect

Tomato continues to be one of the most important crops worldwide, and protected cultivation is practiced to overcome the biotic and abiotic stresses to which the plant are exposed during growth. In this study we evaluated the effect of colored net houses on the growth, yield and nutritional values, as well as the incidence of common pests under three different light conditions: (1) colored (magenta), (2) conventional (white), and open field conditions. A colored net house led the plants to grow taller with higher lycopene content, but recorded a higher number of whiteflies, compared to the conventional net house and open field conditions. Furthermore, plants under protected structures recorded lower SPAD values, but larger terminal leaflets, lower damage by leaf miners, but more damage caused by spider mites compared to those plants grown under open field conditions. Overall, we found that the use of colored net houses provided a positive effect on tomato production in terms of improvement in morphometric parameters, however, to obtain higher yields under this production system, it is important to reduce the elevated temperature and increase the relative humidity inside the protective structures to be adapted for local growing conditions in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of non-grafted and grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars grown in two cultivation systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Zenaida Gonzaga ◽  
Lester Legaspi ◽  
Lucia Borines ◽  
Othello Capuno ◽  
Jessie Rom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
Average Size

Tomato is a high-value vegetable crop because of its broad culinary uses and nutritional values. Its production however is inhibited in some areas with soil-borne disease problems, particularly bacterial wilt. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, bacterial wilt infection, and profitability of non-grafted and grafted tomato cultivars planted in open field and protected cultivation. Protected cropping of tomato increased number of marketable fruits and total yield by approximately 2 times fold than those grown in open field. Grafting of the cultivars to eggplant significantly reduced bacterial wilt infection such that increased survival among plants resulted to higher yield than non-grafted. The cultivar with biggest fruits was from ‘Kingkong’ while season red had the smallest and other cultivars were in average size of the two. Grafted ‘Diamante max’ cultivar yielded the highest followed by ‘Season red’. Net return of protected cropping tomato was higher than in open field. Non-grafted tomato grown in bacterial wilt infected area was unprofitable. On the other hand, grafting and protected resulted in better yield, gross income and a positive net return. Season red produced the highest income in the open field while Diamante max for protected cultivation. The use of grafted tomato and protective structure are strongly recommended for planting in areas known to have high bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Investment appraisal and risk assessment of protected vegetable cultivation under Leyte conditions

2017 ◽  
pp. 174-193
Author(s):  
Therese Ratilla ◽  
Moises Neil Seriño
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
The Government

Protected cropping technology has been introduced to address the inability of farmers to achieve a successful year-round vegetable production. However, small scale farmers are reluctant to adopt this technology due to huge investment costs and the risk associated with extreme weather conditions. Hence, this study was conducted in some parts of Leyte, to evaluate the profitability and assess the risk of protected and open-field cultivation during the occurrence of extreme weather conditions such as tropical cyclones and strong wind phenomena. Results show that protected cultivation generates higher yields compared to open field cultivation. In Baybay site, investment on steel-type high-strength-tunnel covered with polyethylene plastic is the most viable option as it attained the highest net present values (NPVs), benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) and internal rate of return (IRRs). It also has the earliest payback period across different climatic scenarios. At the Cabintan site, the low-tunnel-structure is the most viable when a high-end market is established. This implies that market outlet is one of the critical factors affecting profitability and pricing. Given the potential of protected cultivation in minimizing crop failures, it is recommended that the government and private sector shall extend financial and technical assistance to farmers. Investors shall be covered with crop and structure insurances as risk of crop failures and loss of capital is high during inclement weather conditions.

scholarly journals An elaboration of technology for bell pepper breeding for the regions with reduced heating supply

2008 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
M.I. Mamedov ◽  
O.N. Pyshnaya ◽  
I.A. Lyengalycheva
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Pepper Breeding

The technology for bell pepper breeding program has been elaborated for the regions with reduced heating supply. The selected cold resistance forms of bell pepper served as the basis for modeling of cold stresses and pathogen infections being studied at different stages of plant growing. In conditions of protected cultivation, there are cultivars Slastena, Kazachok, pamiyti Zhegalova and some breeding forms were selected. These cultivars can also be grown in open field conditions in Nonchernozem zone.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential of Protected Cultivation for Off-Season Leafy Vegetable Production: Prospects for Crop Productivity and Nutritional Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ramasamy ◽  
Mei-Ying Lin ◽  
Wan-Jen Wu ◽  
Hsin-I Wang ◽  
Paola Sotelo-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Production Conditions

The effects of different protective structures on horticultural and nutritional yield of amaranth and water spinach were studied in three seasons of 2020–2021 in Taiwan. The number of people that can receive recommended dietary intake of iron and β-Carotene from vegetables grown under different production conditions was also estimated. The yield of white and red amaranths was consistently better (7.68–19.70 t/ha) under pink poly-net house in all the seasons, but the yield of water spinach was consistently better under white poly-net house (16.25–20.88 t/ha). Spider mite (fall & spring) and aphid (winter) infestation was mostly observed on all crops under poly-net houses. Neoxanthin, lutein and β-carotene were almost two-fold higher in red amaranth harvested from poly-net houses than open field. Based on the RDI values, β-Carotene supply to both men and women (14+) was consistently higher in all crops produced under pink ploy-net houses in all seasons, except for white amaranth produced under white poly-net house during winter. Its supply to 64,788 more men and 83,298 more women was estimated for red amaranth harvested from pink poly-net house than other production conditions. α-carotene was 2–3 fold higher in amaranths and water spinach harvested from poly-net houses than open field. The iron content of the amaranths was lower in poly-net houses (234.50–574.04 g/ha) than open field (645.42–881.67 g/ha) in the fall, but its supply from pink poly-net house was comparable with open field in the winter. However, pink poly-net house was the highest iron supplier from water spinach (323.90 g/ha) in the winter, which was estimated to provide iron to 19,450–22,939 more men and women than other production conditions. Both poly-net houses were the sole supplier of iron through amaranths in the spring, with pink poly-net house supplying iron to 2,000–5,000 more men and women. Thus, protected cultivation not only leads to more marketable yields but also results in higher quantities of health promoting nutrients. Hence, pink poly-net house may be considered to produce more nutritious vegetables, especially during the off-season to bridge the gaps in the seasonal variations in vegetable consumption, besides providing better income opportunities to the smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Long term cultivation effects on nitrogen dynamics in polyhouse and open field vegetable growing soils of North-Western Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Miss Shabnam ◽  
◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Protected Cultivation

Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the differences in the transformations of native nutrients between protected and open field conditions, affecting their availability to plants. Methodology: The geo-referenced soil samples were collected from farmers' field growing vegetables under polyhouse and adjacent open fields for last 5 to 6 years. Collected soil samples were analysed for organic and inorganic pools of nitrogen. Means of the different land use types were compared by using Tukey HSD Procedure.? Results: Hydrolysable NH4-N was found as second most dominant form of nitrogen after amino acid-N, both under conventional and protected cultivation. In general, an increase was observed in hydrolysable NH4-N both under protected and conventional cultivation with respect to their fallow plots Interpretation: Various fractions of nitrogen were found to be affected by the management practices and consequently status of nitrogen fractions was observed higher under polyhouse soil. Soil nutrient release under protected environment as compared to open field is necessary to observe the changes and adverse effect with ages of intensive cultivation under protected conditions.

scholarly journals Tomato Production under Mesh Reduces Crop Loss to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Some Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Díez ◽  
S. Roselló ◽  
F. Nuez ◽  
J. Costa ◽  
M.S. Catalá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Wilt Virus

Seedlings of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars [`RDD', carrier of the Sw5 gene, which confers resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV); `Pitihué', tolerant to the virus; and the susceptible cultivar Rutgers] were placed at the four- to five-leaf stage in cages containing a population of viruliferous thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Perg.), and remained there for 0, 7, or 15 days. Plants were subsequently transplanted either into the open field or in tunnels protected with a mesh of 14 × 10 threads/cm. Systemic symptoms and number of dead plants were recorded and enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed. `Rutgers' exhibited severe systemic symptoms regardless of treatment and a high number of plants died. The level of infected plants remained low when protective measures were applied to seedlings of `Pitihué' and acceptable yields were obtained. In open air cultivation, where seedling infection was severe, <20% of `RDD' plants became infected and high yields were obtained; protected cultivation did not reduce yield. Although the percentage of infected plants was higher when cultivated under mesh, the yield of all three cultivars was greater than in the open field. The environment created under mesh stimulated growth, neutralizing the effect of the infection.

scholarly journals Response of horticultural crops under variable microclimatic conditions of different protected cultivation structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
D.T. Santosh
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Climate Analysis ◽  
Open Field Condition

Protected cultivation structures provide favorable environment for crop growth thereby achieving greater yield and high quality produce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microclimate parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and light intensity underdifferent protected cultivation structures in comparison with open field condition. Four types of protected cultivation structures (polyhouse, walking tunnel,shadenet house and modified greenhouse) were considered for the study. Meteorological data of seven years (2010-2016), recorded on daily basis were used for micro climate analysis of different protected cultivation structures. FAO-56 Penman Monteith approach was used to estimate the reference crop evapotranspiration under different kind of protected cultivation structures.Study shows that walking tunnel, polyhouse and modified greenhouse structures offers a solar energy saver and enhances temperature inside the structures. The total water requirement of drip irrigated crops in protected cultivation structure is reduced by about 25% to 35% under different protected cultivation structures in comparison to open field cultivation. This paper also presents the difference incrop yield grown under protected cultivation structures and open field condition.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth and yield of strawberry under irrigation and soil mulches for different cultivation environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Célia de Matos Pires ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
Francisco Antonio Passos ◽  
Flávio Bussmeyer Arruda ◽  
Emílio Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Irrigation Time ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The vegetative growth and yield of strawberry in relation to irrigation levels and soil mulches are still not well known, mainly for different environmental conditions. Two experiments were carried out in Atibaia, SP, Brazil, during 1995, one in a protected environment and the other in an open field, to evaluate the cultivar Campinas IAC-2712, under different irrigation levels and soil mulches (black and clear polyethylene). Three water potential levels in the soil were used in order to define irrigation time, corresponding to -0.010 (N1), -0.035 (N2), and -0.070 (N3) MPa, measured through tensiometers installed at the 10 cm depth. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was adopted, as randomized complete block, with 5 replicates. In the protected cultivation, the irrigation levels of -0.010 and -0.035 MPa and the clear plastic mulch favored the vegetative growth, evaluated through plant height, maximum horizontal dimension of the plant, leaf area index, as well as by total marketable fruit yield and its components (mean number and weight of fruits per plant). In the open field cultivation, no effect of treatments due to rainfall were observed.

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