Growth and yield of non-grafted and grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars grown in two cultivation systems

Tomato is a high-value vegetable crop because of its broad culinary uses and nutritional values. Its production however is inhibited in some areas with soil-borne disease problems, particularly bacterial wilt. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, bacterial wilt infection, and profitability of non-grafted and grafted tomato cultivars planted in open field and protected cultivation. Protected cropping of tomato increased number of marketable fruits and total yield by approximately 2 times fold than those grown in open field. Grafting of the cultivars to eggplant significantly reduced bacterial wilt infection such that increased survival among plants resulted to higher yield than non-grafted. The cultivar with biggest fruits was from ‘Kingkong’ while season red had the smallest and other cultivars were in average size of the two. Grafted ‘Diamante max’ cultivar yielded the highest followed by ‘Season red’. Net return of protected cropping tomato was higher than in open field. Non-grafted tomato grown in bacterial wilt infected area was unprofitable. On the other hand, grafting and protected resulted in better yield, gross income and a positive net return. Season red produced the highest income in the open field while Diamante max for protected cultivation. The use of grafted tomato and protective structure are strongly recommended for planting in areas known to have high bacterial wilt.

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Effect of Growing Conditions on Growth and Yield Attributes of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme)

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i830454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

. Chandni ◽

Deepti Singh ◽

Shirin Akhtar ◽

Randhir Kumar ◽

Subrat Bahera

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Growing Conditions

Cherry tomato is a high value crop which due to neutraceutical properties commercially cultivates under protected condition, for its demand in national and international market, it is necessary to develop varieties with high yield. It is need to evaluate cherry tomato varieties with desirable in protected and field conditions. The present investigation was conducted to study the performance of eighteen genetically diverse genotypes of cherry tomato in open field trained on trellis and naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Twelve growth and yield traits, viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting, number of flowers and fruits per truss, average fruit weight, polar and equatorial fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and total yield were observed. In open field condition, genotype BRCT-30 and BRCT-32 gave the best performance in terms of earliness with maximum values for number of flower-fruit per truss and total yield (415.98 q/ha and 408.75 q/ha, respectively). In polyhouse condition, genotype BRCT-20 and BRCT-35 gave the maximum value for total yield (701.21 q/ha and 611.21 q/ha, respectively) with mid-early values for flowering and fruiting.

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Managing major diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using resistance elicitors and protected cultivation

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sb3.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 40-53

Author(s):

Lucia Borines ◽

Rezel Sagarino ◽

Fely Cañete ◽

Elvira Oclarit ◽

Zenaida Gonzaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Open Field ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Trials ◽

Control Measures ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Wilt Incidence

Diseases, particularly bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint to vegetable production. Protected cultivation has been proven effective in reducing disease incidence but additional control measures need to be integrated in highly infested soils to mitigate the losses due to diseases. This paper reports the effect of resistance elicitors, particularly chitosan, acetylsalicylic acid and SiO2 in mitigating bacterial wilt disease problem and other naturally occurring diseases in two field trials. Two hundred ppm chitosan, acetylsalicylic acid and their combination had reduced bacterial wilt incidence and increased the yield of tomato under protected cultivation, but not in the open field. SiO2 was not able to reduce bacterial wilt incidence in tomato but had reduced the nematode count, especially Rotylenchulus sp. in the roots, particularly when drenched. Protected cultivation still proved effective in reducing bacterial wilt incidence in both experiments. It’s potential to protect crops against bacterial wilt is further enhanced by the application of chitosan and acetylsalicylic acid, most especially the combination of these treatments. The potential of chitosan and acetylsalicylic acid in protecting plants in the open field against bacterial wilt may be enhanced by the addition of a sticker.

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Growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as influenced by different soil organic amendments and types of cultivation

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sb9.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 116-128

Author(s):

Ana Linda Gorme ◽

Zenaida Gonzaga ◽

Othello Capuno ◽

Jessie Rom ◽

Sandra McDougall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

The Philippines ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Hull ◽

Protective Structure ◽

Strong Light

Tomato is one of the most profitable crops in the Philippines and is extensively cultivated throughout the world. However, its production faces different pest and disease problems, particularly bacterial wilt which greatly reduces yield. Two separate studies were conducted simultaneously in a single factor experiment arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the different soil organic amendments on the growth and yield of tomato in the open field (Study I) and under protective structure (Study II) with the following treatments: control, cabbage waste, carbonized rice hull, chicken dung, hagonoy, wedelia, and wild sunflower. Protective structure grown plants had better protection against detrimental heavy rain and strong light intensity, thus had better performance in terms of lower bacterial wilt infection and weed incidence, higher percentage survival, enhanced flowering, and a higher yield than those grown in the open field. On the other hand, only the weight of marketable fruits and total yield were enhanced by the application of the different soil organic amendments. All amendments had similar effects but were superior than the control. Protected cultivation gave a higher net return than the open field. In particular, sunflower amended plants under structure were the most profitable, by almost 8 times compared to the open field.

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Vegetative growth and yield of strawberry under irrigation and soil mulches for different cultivation environments

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000500001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 417-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Regina Célia de Matos Pires ◽

Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽

Francisco Antonio Passos ◽

Flávio Bussmeyer Arruda ◽

Emílio Sakai

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Area Index ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Irrigation Time ◽

Clear Plastic ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Irrigation Levels

The vegetative growth and yield of strawberry in relation to irrigation levels and soil mulches are still not well known, mainly for different environmental conditions. Two experiments were carried out in Atibaia, SP, Brazil, during 1995, one in a protected environment and the other in an open field, to evaluate the cultivar Campinas IAC-2712, under different irrigation levels and soil mulches (black and clear polyethylene). Three water potential levels in the soil were used in order to define irrigation time, corresponding to -0.010 (N1), -0.035 (N2), and -0.070 (N3) MPa, measured through tensiometers installed at the 10 cm depth. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was adopted, as randomized complete block, with 5 replicates. In the protected cultivation, the irrigation levels of -0.010 and -0.035 MPa and the clear plastic mulch favored the vegetative growth, evaluated through plant height, maximum horizontal dimension of the plant, leaf area index, as well as by total marketable fruit yield and its components (mean number and weight of fruits per plant). In the open field cultivation, no effect of treatments due to rainfall were observed.

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High Tunnel and Grafting Effects on Organic Tomato Plant Growth and Yield in the Subtropics

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04610-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 492-503

Author(s):

Craig J. Frey ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽

Dustin M. Huff ◽

Zachary E. Black

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Total Yield ◽

Organic Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Production ◽

High Tunnel ◽

High Tunnels ◽

Field Production

Although grower interest in high tunnel tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production has increased in recent years, systematic high tunnel research conducted in humid, subtropical regions has been limited. The potential of tomato grafting to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses makes it complementary to high-value production systems in high tunnels. In this 2-year study, grafted vs. nongrafted organic tomato production in high tunnels and open fields was investigated to determine possible synergistic effects of these two technologies. In 2016, high tunnels resulted in a significant increase of total and marketable yields, by 43% and 87%, respectively, over open field production. Grafting also significantly increased total and marketable yields over nongrafted plants by 34% and 42%, respectively. Cultivar effects demonstrated greater benefits with the implementation of high tunnel and grafting technologies for ‘Tribute’ (a beefsteak-type tomato) than for ‘Garden Gem’ (a plum-type tomato), as the increase in marketable yield was 33% greater for ‘Tribute’ in high tunnels and 45% greater for ‘Tribute’ with grafting. In 2017, a delayed effective transplanting date and the lack of high tunnel summer season extension produced results that were generally cultivar specific. While grafting increased the total yield of both cultivars (by 18%), marketable yield was increased by grafting only for ‘Tribute’ in high tunnels (by 42%). Additionally, high tunnels improved marketable yield of ‘Tribute’ by 129% but had no effect on ‘Garden Gem’. This demonstrated the consistent trend of the beefsteak-type tomato benefiting more from the combination of high tunnel and grafting technologies than the plum-type tomato. High tunnels reduced fruit decay and cracking by up to 71% compared with open field production. Stink bug (Pentatomidae) damage had the greatest impact on marketable yields each season, reaching 13% and 34% of total yields in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and was unaffected by high tunnel production or grafting. This study revealed the benefits of integrating high tunnel and grafting technologies for enhancing organic production of fresh-market tomato in the humid subtropics, and demonstrated more research is warranted to establish regional planting dates and further optimize this high-value cropping system.

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Study of Comparative Performance of Systems of Cultivation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) for Growth and Yield Characters

Madras Agricultural Journal ◽

10.29321/maj.01.000402 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 104 (.1-.4) ◽

Author(s):

Irene Vethamoni P ◽

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Summer Season ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Single Plant ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

House Condition ◽

Open Field Condition

The vegetable crops viz., TNAU tomato hybrid CO 3 and coriander variety CO 4 were raised under different cultivation systems viz., 50 per cent shade net, insect proof net house and open field conditions. Growth and yield characters of tomato and coriander were assessed during s ummer 2013 and 2014 under different systems of cultivation. The number of fruits per plant (54.3) and weight of fruits per plant (2.1 kg) with estimated yield (67.17 t / ha) of TNAU tomato hybrid CO 3 was highest under insect proof net house followed by shade net house and the lowest was noticed under open field cultivation. The highest single plant weight (52.1 g) with estimated herbage yield (3.33 t / ha) of coriander were recorded under insect proof net house followed by shade net and the lowest under open field cultivation. Among the two crops, the highest BCR (2.58) was observed with tomato hybrid CO 3 under insect proof net house followed by shade net house (2.45). The lowest BCR of 1.31 was recorded with the cultivation of coriander variety CO 4 under open field condition. Therefore, it can be concluded that tomato could be highly remunerative crop suitable for cultivation under insect proof net house condition during summer season.

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Exploring Morpho-Physiological Variation for Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Samikshya Bhattarai ◽

Joshua Harvey ◽

Desire Djidonou ◽

Daniel Leskovar

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Open Field ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Total Yield ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Heat Injury ◽

Injury Index ◽

Heat Tolerant

Texas tomato production is vulnerable to extreme heat in the spring-summer cropping period, which is exacerbated by the lack of superior genetic materials that can perform well in such environments. There is a dire need for selecting superior varieties that can adapt to warm environments and exhibit high yield stability under heat stress conditions. This research aimed at identifying heat-tolerant varieties under heat-stress conditions in controlled and open-field environments and was carried out in three stages. For the first experiment, 43 varieties were screened based on yield responses in natural open-field environment. From those, 18 varieties were chosen and exposed to control (greenhouse: 26/20 °C) and constant heat-stress (growth-chamber: 34/24 °C) conditions for three months. Measurements were done for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, stem diameter and heat injury index (HII). The last experiment was conducted in an open field with a pool of varieties selected from the first and second experiments. Leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value, electrolyte leakage, heat injury index and yield were assessed. From the combined studies, we concluded that heat-tolerant genotypes selected by using chlorophyll fluorescence and HII in controlled heat-stress conditions also exhibited heat-tolerance in open-field environments. Electrolyte leakage and HII best distinguished tomato varieties in open-field environments as plants with low electrolyte leakage and HII had higher total yield. 'Heat Master,' 'New Girl,' 'HM-1823,' 'Rally,' 'Valley Girl,' 'Celebrity,' and 'Tribeca' were identified as high heat-tolerant varieties. Through trait correlation analysis we provide a better understanding of which traits could be useful for screening and breeding other heat-tolerant tomato varieties.

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LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-150 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1215-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IRIS BITTERLICH ◽

MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Weed Density ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

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Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes

Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research ◽

10.18801/jbar.270121.272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (01) ◽

pp. 2225-2233

Author(s):

M. O. Agba ◽

◽

A. A. Markson ◽

J. O. Oni ◽

G. A. Bassey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Body ◽

Food Product ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Essential Food

Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

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