scholarly journals Non-Parametric Quickest Detection of a Change in the Mean of an Observation Sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Liang ◽  
Venugopal V. Veeravalli
Keyword(s):  
Quickest Detection ◽  
Observation Sequence ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Parametric

Seven years follow-up of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in pediatric patients: Evaluation of treated and untreated eye

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110206
Author(s):  
Iliya Simantov ◽  
Lior Or ◽  
Inbal Gazit ◽  
Biana Dubinsky-Pertzov ◽  
David Zadok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

Background: Retrospective cohort study evaluating long term keratoconus progression amongst cross-linking (CXL) treated pediatric patients in the treated and the fellow untreated eyes. Methods: Data on 60 eyes of 30 patients, 18 years old or younger, who underwent CXL in at least one eye was collected and analyzed. Follow-up measurements taken from the treated and untreated eye up to 7 years after CXL treatment, were compared to baseline measurements. Parameters included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected spectacle visual acuity (BCSVA), manifest refraction, pachymetry, corneal tomography, and topography. Results: Mean age of patients was 16 ± 2.1 years. For the treated eyes, during follow-up period mean UCDVA had improved (from 0.78 ± 0.22 at baseline to 0.58 ± 0.26 logMAR at 7 years; p = 0.13), as well as mean BCSVA (from 0.23 ± 0.107 at baseline to 0.172 ± 0.05 logMAR at 7 years; p = 0.37). The mean average keratometry showed a significant flattening (from 49.95 ± 4.04 to 47.94 ± 3.3 diopters (D); p < 0.001), However there was no change in the mean maximal keratometry. The mean minimal corneal thickness (MCT) showed a significant mild reduction of 26 µm ( p = 0.006). Although statistically insignificant, the mean manifest cylinder was also reduced to 2D ( p = 0.15). During the follow-up period, eight untreated eyes (26.6%) deteriorated and underwent CXL, while only one treated eye (3.33%) required an additional CXL. Conclusion: CXL is a safe and efficient procedure in halting keratoconus progression in the pediatric population, the fellow eye needs to be carefully monitored but only a 25% of the patients will require CXL in that eye during a period of 7 years.

scholarly journals Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Kaia Laidra ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Helle Pullmann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

The Estonian NEO‐FFI was administered to 2650 Estonian adolescents (1420 girls and 1230 boys) aged from 12 to 18 years and attending 6th, 8th, 10th, or 12th grade at secondary schools all over Estonia. Although the mean levels of personality traits of Estonian adolescents were quite similar to the respective scores of Estonian adults, there was a developmental gap in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Three of the five personality dispositions demonstrated a modest cross‐sectional change in the mean level of the trait scores: the level of Openness increased and the levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness decreased between 12 and 18 years of age. Although the five‐factor structure of personality was already recognizable in the sample of 12‐year‐old children, it demonstrated only an approximate congruence with the adult structure, suggesting that not all children of that age have developed abilities required for observing one's own personality dispositions and for giving reliable self‐reports on the basis of these observations. The self‐reported personality trait structure matures and becomes sufficiently differentiated around age 14–15 and grows to be practically indistinguishable from adult personality by the age of 16. Personality of adolescents becomes more differentiated with age: along with the growth of mental capacities the correlations among the personality traits and intelligence become smaller. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Analysis of hydrological changes and flood increase in Niamey based on the PERSIANN-CDR satellite rainfall estimate and hydrological simulations over the 1983–2013 period

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Casse ◽  
M. Gosset
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rapid Flow ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
The City ◽  
Satellite Rainfall Estimate

Abstract. A dramatic increase in the frequency and intensity of floods due to the Niger River in the city of Niamey (Niger) has been observed in the last decade. Previous studies highlighted the role of the land use changes on the flood increase since 1970s. In the last decade, observations have raised the issue of a possible increase in extreme rainfall in the Sahel, which may have caused the recent and extreme floods in Niamey in 2010, 2012 and 2013. The study focuses on the 125 000 km2 basin between Ansongo and Niamey. This is the drainage area of the monsoon rainfall that leads to the rapid flow rise occurring between June and October. To understand the possible role of rainfall in flood intensification, satellite rainfall estimate is attractive in a region where the operational gauge network is sparse. This paper analyses the evolution of the Niger hydrograph in Niamey based on discharge observations, hydrological modelling and the satellite product PERSIANN-CDR, over the 1983–2013 period. PERSIANN-CDR is first compared with four other rainfall products. The salient features of the observed changes, i.e. a marked change in the mean decadal hydrograph, is well mimicked by the simulations, implying that rainfall is the first driver to the observed changes. The increase of flooded years over the period is also well reproduced but with some uncertainties in the exact number of flood days per year.

scholarly journals Gaussian Process Autoregression for Joint Angle Prediction Based on sEMG Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liang ◽  
Zhengyi Shi ◽  
Feifei Zhu ◽  
Wenxin Chen ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Gaussian Process Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Semg Signals ◽  
Non Parametric

There is uncertainty in the neuromusculoskeletal system, and deterministic models cannot describe this significant presence of uncertainty, affecting the accuracy of model predictions. In this paper, a knee joint angle prediction model based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals is proposed. To address the instability of EMG signals and the uncertainty of the neuromusculoskeletal system, a non-parametric probabilistic model is developed using a Gaussian process model combined with the physiological properties of muscle activation. Since the neuromusculoskeletal system is a dynamic system, the Gaussian process model is further combined with a non-linear autoregressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX) model to create a Gaussian process autoregression model. In this paper, the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and the correlation coefficient (CC) are compared between the joint angle prediction results of the Gaussian process autoregressive model prediction and the actual joint angle under three test scenarios: speed-dependent, multi-speed and speed-independent. The mean of NRMSE and the mean of CC for all test scenarios in the healthy subjects dataset and the hemiplegic patients dataset outperform the results of the Gaussian process model, with significant differences (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.05). From the perspective of uncertainty, a non-parametric probabilistic model for joint angle prediction is established by using Gaussian process autoregressive model to achieve accurate prediction of human movement.

A study about the linearity of trends between extreme and mean temperatures in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Suli ◽  
Matilde Rusticucci ◽  
Soledad Collazo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Cold Extremes

&lt;p&gt;Small variations in the mean state of the atmosphere can cause large changes in the frequency of extreme events. In order to deepen and extend previous results in time, in this work we analyzed the linear relationship between extreme and mean temperature (&amp;#932;) on a climate change scale in Argentina. Two monthly extreme indices, cold nights (TN10) and warm days (TX90), were calculated based on the quality-controlled daily minimum and maximum temperature data provided by the Argentine National Meteorological Service from 58 conventional weather stations located over Argentina in the 1977&amp;#8211;2017 period. Subsequently, we evaluated the relationship between the linear trends of extremes and mean temperature on a seasonal basis (JFM, AMJ, JAS, and OND). Student's T-test was performed to analyze their statistical significance at 5%. Firstly, positive (negative) and significant linear regressions were found between TX90 (TN10) trends and mean temperature trends for the four studied seasons. Therefore, an increase in the &amp;#932;-trend maintains a linear relationship with significant increase (decrease) of warm days (cold nights). Moreover, we found that JFM was the one with the highest coefficient of determination (0.602 for hot extremes and 0.511 for cold extremes), implying that 60.2% (51.1%) of the TX90 (TN10) trend could be explained as a function of the &amp;#932;-trend by a linear regression. In addition, in the JFM (OND) quarter, the TX90 index increased by 7.02 (6.02) % of days each with a 1 &amp;#186;C increase in the mean temperature. Likewise, the TN10 index decreased by 4.94 (and 4.99) % of days from a 1&amp;#186;C increase in the mean temperature for the JFM (AMJ) quarter. Finally, it is worthwhile to highlight the uneven behavior between hot and cold extremes and the mean temperature. Specifically, it was observed that the slopes of the linear regression calculated for the TX90 index and &amp;#932;&amp;#160;presented a higher absolute value than those registered for the TN10 index and &amp;#932;. Therefore, a change in the mean temperature affects hot extremes to a greater extent than cold ones in Argentina.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals National general truck drivers’ strike and food security in a Brazilian metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 3220-3228
Author(s):  
Mariana Souza Lopes ◽  
Melissa Luciana de Araújo ◽  
Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:We analysed the impact of the national general truck drivers’ strike on the availability, variety and price of foods sold by a food supply centre.Design:Descriptive study using secondary data to examine the percentage change in the mean price of fruits, vegetables and eggs before, during and after the strike. The strike in Brazil lasted 10 d from 21 to 30 May 2018. The drivers were on strike in order to make diesel oil tax-free and to obtain better working conditions.Setting:The food supply centre, named CEASA-Minas Grande BH, was located in the metropolitan area of a Brazilian city.Participants:We examined twenty types of foods.Results:After 10 d, there was a ~30 % reduction in the availability of all types of foods and prices increased. Foods with the highest price increases included cabbage (233·3 %), potatoes (220·0 %), papaya (160·0 %) and oranges (78·6 %). At the end of the strike, we observed reductions in the price of eggs, fruits, vegetables, roots and tubers; however, some foods remained more expensive than before the strike, including chayote (203·2 % higher), cucumber (66·7 % higher) and potatoes (60·0 % higher).Conclusions:The general truck drivers’ strike was correlated with a reduction in the availability of food and, consequently, increases in price and possibly restrictions on access. The strike demonstrated the dependence of metropolises on road transportation and the conventional market. We speculate that initiatives aiming to shorten the food supply chain and promote food sovereignty and resilience of the supply circuits could be important.

Role of sympathetic innervation in the feline continence process under natural filling conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1842-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Vaughan ◽  
P. M. Satchell
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Wall Tension ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

1. The effect of the sympathetic innervation on the bladder detrusor muscle was assessed in pentobarbitone-anesthetized cats by measuring the changes in bladder wall tension that occurred during sympathetic ganglion blockade after filling the bladder at a natural rate. 2. At a point 60% of the way through the continence process, systemic sympathetic blockade was produced by intravenous trimethaphan, and selective blockade of postganglionic hypogastric nerve activity was produced by application of trimethaphan to the exposed inferior mesenteric ganglia. The level of blockade was monitored with an in-continuity hypogastric nerve recording. 3. During both systemic and selective ganglion blockade, there was an increase in baseline transmural bladder pressure and a decrease in the amplitude of nonmicturating contractions. 4. Although there was no change in the mean level of transmural bladder pressure during either systemic or selective blockade, there was a significant increase in the mean level of bladder wall mechanoreceptor discharge, suggesting that before the blockade sympathoinhibitory effects were greater than sympathoexcitatory effects. 5. Measurement of bladder wall mechanoreceptor discharge before and during ganglion blockade revealed a net sympathoinhibitory influence on the level of bladder wall tension under natural filling conditions. These results confirm that the detrusor muscle of the feline bladder is under both sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory influences for a significant portion of the continence process.

Change in regulation of serum cholesterol induced by homologous and heterologous desoxyribonucleic acid

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Philip Savitsky
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induced Changes

Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was carefully prepared in a highly purified, undenatured form from beef brain, beef liver and rabbit liver. One milligram of DNA was injected into each rabbit. Over a period of 2–6 months the mean serum cholesterol declined significantly below normal control levels. This change in the mean largely reflected the decline in cholesterol levels of those animals with high normal values. Concomitantly, the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the serum cholesterol levels decreased to one-third the normal control values. The serum phospholipids and neutral fat showed similar lower mean levels and decreasing variation. Evidence is presented that the injected DNA is the active material producing these changes. Homologous and heterologous DNA were equally effective. An hypothesis is suggested relating the DNA-induced changes in the serum lipids to polygenic regulatory systems.

scholarly journals On the Causes of Palaeoclimatic Variations and of the Ice Ages in Particular

1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
E. J. Öpik
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Ice Ages ◽  
Solar Mass ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA method of quantitative climatological analysis is developed by applying the principle of geometric similarity to the convective heat transport, which is assumed to vary with the 1.5 power of temperature difference. The method makes possible the calculation of the change in the mean annual, or seasonal temperature, produced by a variation in insolation, cloudiness, snow cover, etc.It is shown that the variations in the orbital elements of the earth cannot account for the phenomena of the ice ages; the chronology of the Quaternary, based on these variations, has no real foundation.Palaeoclimatic variations are most probably due to variations of solar luminosity. These can be traced to periodical re-adjustments in the interior of the sun, produced by an interplay between nuclear reactions and gas diffusion, repeating themselves after some 250 million years. Complications from the outer envelope of the sun lead to additional fluctuations of a shorter period, of the order of 100,000 years to be identified with the periodical advance and retreat of the glaciers during the Quaternary.Calculations of the variations of luminosity in a star of solar mass substantiate this hypothesis.

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