Dielectric Response Analysis of Mineral Oil Immersed Transformer, Natural Ester(FR3) Immersed Transformer, and Palm Oil Immersed Transformer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakda Maneerot ◽  
Phethai Nimsanong ◽  
Jompatara Siriworachanyadee ◽  
Monthon Leelajindakrairerk ◽  
Kittipod Jariyanurat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Natural Ester

Investigation on Voltage Breakdown of Natural Ester Oils Based-On Zno Nanofluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Saenkhumwong ◽  
Amnart Suksri
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Zno Nanofluids ◽  
Voltage Breakdown ◽  
Natural Ester

Transformer is one of the major component, which is the most important device in power system. Their lifetime depends upon liquid insulation that help transfer the heat out of its winding inside of transformer. Transformer oil uses mineral oil that is the most commonly used has very slow process on decomposition and non-biodegrade. This paper presents the investigation on breakdown voltage of two types of natural ester oils, including palm oil and soy bean based-on ZnO nanofluids. Nanofluids that use nanoparticles modified by use of surfactant that are suspended by process of sonication. Different fraction of nanoparticles were investigated from 0.1% - 0.5% by weight. The breakdown voltage were measured according to ASTM D877. The voltage breakdown strength increased significantly when nanoparticles were added in oils. The obtained results will enable transformer industry to develop liquid insulation dielectric for use in transformer in the future.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa dan Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Tribologi Pelumas SAE 40

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedison Gasni ◽  
KM Abdul Razak ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit terhadap sifat fisik dan tribologi pelumas SAE 40. Vegetabel oil, seperti; minyak kelapa dan sawit, memiliki nilai viskositas indek yang tinggi dan sifat pelumasan yang baik terutama didaerah boundary lubrication jika dibandingkan dengan mineral oil (SAE 40). Hal ini disebabkan karena vegetabel oil memiliki kandungan fatty acids yang tidak dimiliki oleh mineral oil. Keunggulan lain dari minyak kelapa dan sawit adanya sifat yang ramah lingkungan karena mudah terurai di alam dan dapat diperbaharui. Pada penelitian ini sifat yang baik dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aditif pada minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan tribology dengan penambahan 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berat dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ke dalam minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian sifat fisik terdiri dari pengukuran viskositas pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C dan viskositas index. Pengujian sifat tribologi untuk menentukan keausan dan koefisien gesek berdasarkan ASTM G99 dengan menggunakan alat uji pin on disk. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit kedalam minyak pelumas SAE 40 terjadi peningkatan viskositas indeks. Peningkatan viskositas indeks sebanyak  17% dengan penambahan 20% minyak sawit. Terjadi perubahan sifat tribologi dengan penambahan minyak sawit, berupa penurunan keausan dan nilai koefisien gesek dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut and palm oils as additives to physical and tribological properties of SAE 40 lubricating oil . Vegetable oils, such as; coconut oil and palm oil, have high viscosity index and good lubrication properties, especially in boundary lubrication compared to mineral oil. This is due to vegetable oil having fatty acids that are not owned by mineral oil. The advantages of coconut oil and palm oil are environmentally friendly properties because they are biodegradable and renewable. In this study, the good properties of coconut and palm oils will be used as additives in SAE 40 lubricating oil. Tests are carried out on the physical and tribological properties with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of coconut and palm oils into SAE 40 lubricating oil. Physical properties testing consists of measuring viscosity at temperatures of 400C and 1000C and viscosity index. The tribological test is to determine wear and coefficient of friction based on ASTM G99 using a pin on disc test equipment. From the test results,  it was found that coconut and palm oils as additives into SAE 40 lubricating oil could increase in viscosity index. The increase of  the viscosity index was 17% by adding 20% of palm oil. There was a change of tribological properties in the form of decreasing on the wear and the coefficient of friction with the addition of palm oil compare to addition of coconut oil.

scholarly journals Investigation of Survival/Hazard Rate of Natural Ester Treated with Al2O3 Nanoparticle for Power Transformer Liquid Dielectric

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Raymon Antony Raj ◽  
Ravi Samikannu ◽  
Abid Yahya ◽  
Modisa Mosalaosi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Interpolation Polynomial ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Flash Fire ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Natural Ester ◽  
Electrical Apparatus

Increasing usage of petroleum-based insulating oils in electrical apparatus has led to increase in pollution and, at the same time, the oils adversely affect the life of electrical apparatus. This increases the demand of Mineral Oil (MO), which is on the verge of extinction and leads to conducting tests on natural esters. This work discusses dielectric endurance of Marula Oil (MRO), a natural ester modified using Conductive Nano Particle (CNP) to replace petroleum-based dielectric oils for power transformer applications. The Al2O3 is a CNP that has a melting point of 2072 °C and a low charge relaxation time that allows time to quench free electrons during electrical discharge. Al2O3 is blended with the MRO and Mineral Oil (MO) in different concentrations. The measured dielectric properties are transformed into mathematical equations using the Lagrange interpolation polynomial functions and compared with the predicted values either using Gaussian or Fourier distribution functions. Addition of Al2O3 indicates that 0.75 g/L in MRO has an 80% survival rate and 20% hazard rate compared to MO which has 50% survival rate and 50% hazard rate. Considering the measured or interpolated values and the predicted values, they are used to identify the MRO and MO’s optimum concentration produces better results. The test result confirms the enhancement of the breakdown voltage up to 64%, kinematic viscosity is lowered by up to 40% at 110 °C, and flash/fire points of MRO after Al2O3 treatment enhanced to 14% and 23%. Hence the endurance of Al2O3 in MRO proves to be effective against electrical, physical and thermal stress.

scholarly journals Temperature Distribution in the Insulation System of Condenser-Type HV Bushing—Its Effect on Dielectric Response in the Frequency Domain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4016
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Walczak ◽  
Jaroslaw Gielniak
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Specific Construction

HV bushings are an important part of the equipment of large power transformers, responsible for their many serious (including catastrophic) failures. Their proper exploitation needs to apply correct and reliable diagnostics, e.g., the use of dielectric response methods, that take into account their specific construction and working conditions. In this article, based on laboratory tests carried out on a real bushing, it has been shown that the significant temperature distribution within its core significantly affects the shape of the dielectric response of its insulation; therefore, the approach to its modeling should be changed. Hence, a new method for interpreting the results, using the so-called the 2XY model, is proposed. Subsequently, based on the measurements made on the insulators in operation, a new modeling method was verified. In conclusion, it can be stated that the 2XY model significantly improves the reliability of the dielectric response analysis, which should be confirmed in the future by tests on withdrawn and revised insulators.

Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharil Yahayaa ◽  
Nurliyana Abdul Raof ◽  
Zulkifli Ibrahim ◽  
Azniza Ahmad ◽  
Chandima Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Dialkyl Dithiophosphate

Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance and properties, chemical modifications and formulation with additives of palm oil as a bio-lubricant.

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