Response of fibrillating atria to successful low probability of success shocks

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Wolf ◽  
S.A. Park ◽  
A.M. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability

scholarly journals Antegrade Chronic Total Occlusion Strategies: A Technical Focus for 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Creaney ◽  
Simon J Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Total Occlusion ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Chronic Total Occlusions ◽  
Initial Strategy ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Procedural Strategy ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Procedural Success

Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are common in patients with ischaemic heart disease. In many countries, patients with CTOs are underserved by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). One of the barriers to CTO PCI is the technical challenges of these procedures. Improvements in technique and dedicated devices for CTO PCI, combined with advances in procedural strategy, have resulted in a dramatic increase in procedural success and outcomes. Antegrade wiring (AW) is the preferred initial strategy in short CTOs, where the proximal cap and course of the vessel is understood. For many longer, more complex occlusions, AW has a low probability of success. Dissection and re-entry techniques allow longer CTOs and those with ambiguous anatomy to be crossed safely and efficiently, and CTO operators must also be familiar with these strategies. The CrossBoss and Stingray system is currently the primary targeted re-entry device used during antegrade dissection and re-entry (ADR), and there continues to be an evolution in its use to increase procedural efficiency. In contrast to older ADR techniques, targeted re-entry allows preservation of important side-branches, and there is no difference in outcomes compared to intraplaque stenting.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Pharmaceutical Portfolio Optimization under Uncertainty of Cost and Return

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Farid ◽  
Hampus Hallman ◽  
Mikael Palmblad ◽  
Johannes Vänngård
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Optimization ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Optimization Under Uncertainty ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the study of multi-objective optimization of a pharmaceutical portfolio when both cost and return values are uncertain. Decision makers in the pharmaceutical industry encounter several challenges in deciding the optimal selection of drug projects for their portfolio since they have to consider several key aspects such as a long product-development process split into multiple phases, high cost and low probability of success. Additionally, the optimization often involves more than a single objective (goal) with a non-deterministic nature. The aim of the study is to develop a stochastic multi-objective approach in the frame of chance-constrained goal programming. The application of the results of this study allows pharmaceutical decision makers to handle two goals simultaneously, where one objective is to achieve a target return and another is to keep the cost within a finite annual budget. Finally, the numerical results for portfolio optimization are presented and discussed.

N+3 and N+4 Generation Aeropropulsion Engine Combustors: Part 1 — Large Engines’ Emissions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hukam C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Rich

A comprehensive assessment of emissions characteristics of the 1st, N and N+1 generation rich-dome combustion products has been done to identify the lowest emissions products. Focus of this paper is on the large rich-dome engines with its potential application for the (N+3) and (N+4) mixers with inspirational target takeoff NOxEI of 5 at 55 OPR. A total of ten engine models of the 1st generation were selected in addition to eight recently certified large engines. After evaluating several choices for conducting comparative assessment, the following three expressions were proposed for average takeoff NOxEI, idle COEI and HCEI entitlements, respectively: NOxEI L = 0.0288 × OPR 1.991 Idle COEI L = 815.36 Takeoff NOxEI L 1.159 Idle HCEI L = 0.15 × Idle COEI L - 2.0 In regard to application of the rich-dome technology to the (N+2) cycle based (N+3) mixers, the author tentatively gives it low probability of success barring success story stemming from Lee et al. [2012].

Regulatory Hostage-taking and Shaming

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-116
Author(s):  
Angela Huyue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
National Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Bureaucratic Constraints ◽  
Chinese Court

This chapter examines the myth behind the paucity of appeals against antitrust agencies in China. The primary reason holding businesses back from defying Chinese antitrust authorities is not necessarily the perceived low probability of success in a Chinese court but rather the high transaction costs associated with such an appeal. Chinese antitrust authorities possess wide discretion over enforcement and can proactively apply it to entire firms to settle the cases. Firms operating in China, whether foreign or domestic, are likely to continue to interact with these agencies and their host ministries in the future. Businesses therefore avoid taking an aggressive and adversarial approach for fear of future retribution. In addition, Chinese government agencies are adept at using media strategies during enforcement. In several high-profile cases, the antitrust bureau at the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) deftly mobilized public sentiments through the state media, strategically shaming to prevent defiance of their orders, and relentlessly suppressing experts from voicing opinions that might threaten the legitimacy of its measures. In so doing, the NDRC was able to overcome its capacity and bureaucratic constraints, thereby quickly cementing its reputation as an astute and forceful regulator.

Holding a Mirror Up to the Self

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Toma ◽  
Olivier Corneille ◽  
Vincent Yzerbyt
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cooperative Interactions ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability

Similarity between partners entails positive consequences for cooperative interactions. But do people rely on this assumption to construe egocentric judgments about others? Five experiments examined the possibility that people project onto their partners because they believe that similarity to the self leads to success in cooperation. Studies 1a and 1b show that people hold an egocentric similarity belief in cooperation. Studies 2a and 2b test the existence of this belief in more indirect ways. The next three studies manipulate the applicability of the similarity belief and investigate its impact on projection. Study 3 finds that cooperation no longer leads to projection when participants expect a low probability of success. Study 4 replicates this effect in a real cooperative setting. Finally, Study 5 shows that projection occurs only when participants expect their characteristics to be responsible for the success of cooperation. The negative consequences of overestimating similarities in cooperation are discussed.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Cost-Effective Method for Preparing Transmission Electron Microscopy Samples from Powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1184-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Wen ◽  
Yaojun Lin ◽  
David N. Seidman ◽  
Julie M. Schoenung ◽  
Isabella J. van Rooyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Low Probability

AbstractThe preparation of transmission electron microcopy (TEM) samples from powders with particle sizes larger than ~100 nm poses a challenge. The existing methods are complicated and expensive, or have a low probability of success. Herein, we report a modified methodology for preparation of TEM samples from powders, which is efficient, cost-effective, and easy to perform. This method involves mixing powders with an epoxy on a piece of weighing paper, curing the powder–epoxy mixture to form a bulk material, grinding the bulk to obtain a thin foil, punching TEM discs from the foil, dimpling the discs, and ion milling the dimpled discs to electron transparency. Compared with the well established and robust grinding–dimpling–ion-milling method for TEM sample preparation for bulk materials, our modified approach for preparing TEM samples from powders only requires two additional simple steps. In this article, step-by-step procedures for our methodology are described in detail, and important strategies to ensure success are elucidated. Our methodology has been applied successfully for preparing TEM samples with large thin areas and high quality for many different mechanically milled metallic powders.

Political Effectiveness, Negative Externalities, and the Ethics of Economic Sanctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dursun Peksen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability

AbstractAs part of the roundtable “Economic Sanctions and Their Consequences,” this essay discusses whether economic sanctions are morally acceptable policy tools. It notes that both conventional and targeted sanctions not only often fail to achieve their stated objectives but also bring about significant negative externalities in target countries. Economic dislocation and increases in political instability instigated by sanctions disproportionately affect the well-being of opposition groups and marginalized segments of society, while target elites and their support base remain insulated from the intended costs of foreign pressure. Sanctions might also incentivize target governments to use repressive means to consolidate their rule and weaken the opposition. Given these serious shortcomings, I argue that sanctions are ethically problematic tools of foreign policy. Nonetheless, this does not mean that sanctions should be rejected outright, as there might be cases where sanctions are the only viable option, and they might work effectively under certain circumstances. Rather, the essay suggests that policymakers should apply more caution in considering the use of sanctions given their low probability of success, and should be more concerned with the delicate balance between political gain and civilian pain before levying sanctions, whether comprehensive or targeted.

scholarly journals Ways of Effective Communication: How to connect efficiently

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
G. V. Chinmai Sai ◽  
G. V. Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Right

Effective Communication is significant for managers in the organizations so as to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. Statistics point to the fact that approximately 85% percent of student’s success in life is directly attributable to communication skills. That means that no matter how ambitious, how committed, or how highly educated someone is, they still have a low probability of success unless student develop the right communication skills.Communication is a two way process, so improving communication involves both how students send and receive messages.  

Futility: Are Goals the Problem? Part Two

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Rasinski Gregory ◽  
Miriam Piven Cotler
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Low Probability

Recent contributions to the literature on the topic of futility have focused primarily on two areas: 1) definitions of the term and 2) the suggestion that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be futile in certain patients. This suggestion is based on “scientific” measures and analyses of outcomes, describing the low probability of success of CPR in patients over age 70, those with cancer, those with multiorgan failure, etc. The research reported suggests that with such patients the physician need not get the patient's (or the surrogate's) consent to withhold resuscitation; the physician need only inform either the patient or the surrogate that CPR will not be Instituted in the event of an arrest.

scholarly journals Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda: Reactionary Revolutionaries in the New Political Islam

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Madison Cartmell IV
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Osama Bin Laden

With the events of September 11th, an unfamiliar terrorist organization known as Al-Qaeda announced its presence, its capabilities, and its willingness to engage in massive violence to the world. Americans, generally poorly informed on the history of the Middle East and blithely unaware of serious foreign threats in the post-Soviet era, were not well equipped to assess the threat. This essay, utilizing a critical analysis of Al-Qaeda’s communiqués as well as the increasingly vast body of secondary literature, defines this new threat through an exploration of the sources of its animosity and proposes a more effective means of combating the threat, all while placing the issue in a larger historical context and filling the knowledge gap for non-specialists. Among the most notable findings is the realization that Al-Qaeda’s core objective is a political one and a purely militaristic counterterrorist strategy will have a low probability of success. It may even worsen the situation by contributing to the public appearance of a clash of civilizations. Additionally, there are preliminary indications that the threat posed by Al-Qaeda, though significant, is ultimately self-destructive.

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