Comparison of trajectory tracking controllers for autonomous vehicles

Author(s):  
Davide Calzolari ◽  
Bastian Schurmann ◽  
Matthias Althoff
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Shiyi Zhang

Abstract. Air pollution, energy consumption, and human safety issues have aroused people's concern around the world. This phenomenon could be significantly alleviated with the development of automatic driving techniques, artificial intelligence, and computer science. Autonomous vehicles can be generally modularized as environment perception, path planning, and trajectory tracking. Trajectory tracking is a fundamental part of autonomous vehicles which controls the autonomous vehicles effectively and stably to track the reference trajectory that is predetermined by the path planning module. In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art trajectory tracking of autonomous vehicles is presented. Both the trajectory tracking methods and the most commonly used trajectory tracking controllers of autonomous vehicles, besides state-of-art research studies of these controllers, are described.


Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gutiérrez ◽  
Elena López-Guillén ◽  
Luis M. Bergasa ◽  
Rafael Barea ◽  
Óscar Pérez ◽  
...  

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) require robust and scalable control systems in order to achieve a safe, efficient and comfortable driving experience. Most global planners for autonomous vehicles provide as output a sequence of waypoints to be followed. This paper proposes a modular and scalable waypoint tracking controller for Robot Operating System (ROS)-based autonomous guided vehicles. The proposed controller performs a smooth interpolation of the waypoints and uses optimal control techniques to ensure robust trajectory tracking even at high speeds in urban environments (up to 50 km/h). The delays in the localization system and actuators are compensated in the control loop to stabilize the system. Forward velocity is adapted to path characteristics using a velocity profiler. The controller has been implemented as an ROS package providing scalability and exportability to the system in order to be used with a wide variety of simulators and real vehicles. We show the results of this controller using the novel and hyper realistic CARLA Simulator and carrying out a comparison with other standard and state-of-art trajectory tracking controllers.


2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Silvestre ◽  
Antonio Pascoal ◽  
Isaac Kaminer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuting Duan ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Daxin Tian ◽  
Jianshan Zhou ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  

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