Performance of Indoor VLC System Under Random Placement of LEDs With Nonimaging and Imaging Receiver

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anand Singh ◽  
Anand Srivastava ◽  
Vivek Ashok Bohara ◽  
Anand Kumar Jagadeesan
Keyword(s):  
Random Placement ◽  
Imaging Receiver

Random placement models explain species richness and dissimilarity of frog assemblages within Atlantic Forest fragments

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Almeida‐Gomes ◽  
Nicholas J. Gotelli ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Vieira ◽  
Jayme Augusto Prevedello
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Random Placement

scholarly journals The effect of NPK fertilizer with different dosage on the growth rate seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa)

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Riyadi Subur ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Nebuchadnezzar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses

NPK is a type of fertilizer that plays a role in increasing growth and survival in plants such as seaweed. This study aims to determine the effect of different NPK fertilizer doses on the growth rate of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa), and to determine which NPK fertilizer dosage has the best effect on the growth rate of C. racemosa. Research begins with collecting samples of seaweed in coastal waters. Ternate Island District Kastela, and the cultivation process is carried out on Jalan Jan, Tabona Village, South Ternate City. The time of the research was two months from August to October, 2020. This study used 12 units of cool box in the form of cork with a size of 90 x 30 cm, which is used as a container for maintaining of C. racemosa. In each treatment using a seed weight of 50 grams. The NPK fertilizer dosage treatment tested was 4 doses, with 3 replications, namely: treatment A: 40 ml NPK fertilizer; B: 60 ml NPK fertilizer; C: 80 ml NPK fertilizer; D: 0 ml NPK fertilizer (control). Research containers using random placement. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained showed that NPK fertilizer with different doses the effect is not significantly different on the growth rate of C. racemosa with the highest average growth rate in treatment C amounting to 8.725%, followed by treatment B of 8.178%, treatment A of 7.761%, and the lowest was treatment D of 6.519%.Keywords:NPKSeaweedCaulerpa racemosaGrowth rate

scholarly journals Matching-based cache placement decision for 5G network caching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Sadeghpour Kharkan
Keyword(s):  
Graph Matching ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Backhaul Link ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Cache Placement ◽  
Bottleneck Link

In this thesis, we present a cache placement scheme to deal with backhaul link constraint in Small Cell Network for 5G wireless network. We formulated the cache placement problem as a graph matching problem and presented an optimal file-helper matching algorithm. We defined stability criterion for the matching and found that our matching solution is stable in the sense that every helper finds at least one file to cache given that no file exceed minimum cache size. We achieved a unique placement of a file within a cluster of helpers to increase the number of files cached within a cluster. Further, our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our algorithm increases local and neighbor hit ratios as compared to a random placement, which in turn significantly decreases the traffic that goes over the backhaul bottleneck link.

Habitat use and coexistence of three territorial herbivorous damselfish on different-size patch reefs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Hattori ◽  
Takuro Shibuno
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Back Reef ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
Patch Reefs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Random Placement

In local reef fish communities, species richness increases with increasing reef area. At Ishigaki Island, Japan, species richness is much lower on large reefs in the shallow back reef than that expected from random placement model simulations (RPMS). As three aggressive territorial herbivorous damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, Stegastes lividus and Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon, coexist only on such large reefs, we focused on these species and examined patterns of their distribution and abundance on 84 patch reefs of various sizes (area and height). We also examined their aggressive intra- and interspecific behavioural interactions and habitat use on the two large reefs (the largest complex patch reef and the large flat patch reef) among the 84 patch reefs. While the abundance of both S. lividus and H. plagiometopon was highly correlated with patch reef area, that of S. nigricans was closely correlated with patch reef height. For S. nigricans and S. lividus, interspecific interactions occurred significantly more frequently than intraspecific interactions on the large flat patch reef. However, there was no significant difference in frequencies of the two interaction types on the largest complex patch reef, where they three-dimensionally segregated conspecific territories. This study suggested that reef height as well as reef area influence the distribution and abundance of these territorial herbivorous damselfish in the shallow back reef. As large patch reefs cannot be tall allometrically in shallow back reefs, relatively flat patch reefs may not have the high species richness expected from RPMS based on reef area.

scholarly journals Multi-static spatial and angular studies of polar mesospheric summer echoes combining MAARSY and KAIRA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Chau ◽  
Derek McKay ◽  
Juha P. Vierinen ◽  
Cesar La Hoz ◽  
Thomas Ulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Receiver Array ◽  
Schmidt Numbers ◽  
Summer Echoes ◽  
Imaging Receiver ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) have been long associated with Noctilucent clouds (NLCs). For large ice particles sizes and relatively high ice densities, PMSE and NLCs have been shown to be highly correlated at 3-m Bragg wavelengths and are known to be good tracers of the atmospheric wind dynamics. Combining the Middle Atmosphere ALOMAR Radar System (MAARSY) and the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA), i.e., monostatic and bistatic observations, we show for the first time direct evidence of limited-volume PMSE structures drifting more than 90 km almost unchanged. These structures are shown to have widths of 5–15 km and are separated by 20–60 kms, consistent with structures due to atmospheric waves previously observed in NLCs from the ground and from space. Given the lower sensitivity of KAIRA, the observed features are attributed to echoes from regions with high Schmidt numbers that provide a large radar cross-section. The bistatic geometry allows us to determine an upper value for the angular sensitivity of PMSE echoes at meter scales. We find no evidence for strong aspect sensitivity for PMSE echoes, which is consistent with recent observations using radar imaging approaches. Our results indicate that multi-static all-sky interferometric radar observations of PMSE could be a powerful tool for studying mesospheric wind-fields within large geographic areas.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF RANDOM PLACEMENT STRATEGIES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450138 ◽  
Author(s):  
THAIER HAYAJNEH ◽  
SAMER KHASAWNEH
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
The Impact

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an attractive choice for many applications where sensors are densely and efficiently deployed in an area of interest. For example, in surveillance applications, where deterministic placement is not applicable, the sensors have to be randomly deployed entirely or partially in an area. Whether random or deterministic, the strategy of deploying the sensors has a large impact on the performance of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology for sensors placement based on several random distributions. The quality of deployment is evaluated using a set of proposed measures, the significance of which highly depends on the WSN application. The impact of these deployment strategies on the network performance is thoroughly studied. Moreover, we propose a new hybrid deployment strategy that aims to achieve the best performance based on the suggested deployment quality measures. Both the placement strategies with the deployment quality measures are evaluated using extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed hybrid strategy outperformed other strategies including uniform, random, Gaussian, and exponential distributions. In addition, the paper identifies the family of applications where each of the quality measures is highly critical.

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