Research and development: Breaking the crisis: Options cover primary energy resource recovery, fuel conditioning, conversion, improved transmission, and storage

IEEE Spectrum ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
R. A. Huse
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Resource ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals EFISIENSI PEMANFAATANENERGICAHAYAMATAHARIOLEHFITOPLANKTON DALAMPROSES FOTOSINTESISDIWADUKMALAHAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Andri Warsa ◽  
Kunto Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Gross Primary Productivity ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Primary Energy Resource ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Rate Study

Cahaya matahari merupakan sumber energi utama yang menentukan produktivitas suatu ekosistem akuatik. Ketersediaan cahaya akan menentukan kecepatan fotosintesis yang akan menentukan kecepatan pertumbuhan produsen primer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemanfaatan cahaya matahari oleh fitoplankton di Waduk Malahayu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Waduk Malahayu, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Oktober 2010. Pengamatan produktivitas primer kotor, kelimpahan fitoplankton, intensitas cahaya, dan klorofil-a dilakukan pada dua stasiun yaitu stasiun keramba jaring apung dan dam pada kedalaman 0,5; 2; dan 4 m dengan metode survei berstrata. Pengukuran produktivitas primer kotor dilakukan dengan metode botol gelap dan terang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai produktivitas primer kotor diWadukMalahayu berkisar 45,6-121,9 mgC/jamdan konsentrasi klorofil-a berkisar 3,7-11,8mg/m3. Kelimpahan individu fitoplankton diWaduk Malahayu berkisar 100,6-112,67 ind./l dengan genera yang dominan adalah Oscillatoria (Cyanophyceae) dan Peridinium (Dinophyceae). Efisiensi penggunaan cahaya matahari oleh fitoplankton di Waduk Malahayu berkisar 0,5-2,7%. Efisiensi cahaya matahari menurun dengan bertambahnya kedalaman air. Sunlight is primary energy resource that determine the productivity of aquatic ecosystem. Its availability will determines the photosynthetic rate and primary producer growth rate. Study in order to know thr effeciency of sunlight uptake by phytoplankton inMalahayu Reservoir, Brebes Regency, Central Java in October 2010. Sampling were for gross primary productivity, phytoplankton abudance, light intensity, and chlorophyll-a carried at two stations, keramba jaring apung and dam and at three water depth, surface, 2 and 4 m with stratified sampling method. Measurement of gross primary productivity was conducted with dark and ight botle method. Gross primary productivity ranged from 45.6-121.9 mgC/hr with chlorophyll-a concentration between 3.7-11.8 mg/m3. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 10.06-112.67 ind./l with Oscilatoria and Peridinium as dominant genera. Efficiency of sunlight uptake by phytoplankton ranged from 0.5-2.7% and its value decreased along with an increasing water depth.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis of Primary Resource Savings at Cogeneration

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Veidenbergs ◽  
D. Blumberga ◽  
F. Romagnoli ◽  
E. Vīgants ◽  
M. Rošā
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Primary Resource ◽  
Primary Energy Resource

Uncertainty Analysis of Primary Resource Savings at Cogeneration The article provides the uncertainty analysis for electricity and heat energy production measurements at a cogeneration plant. It is analysed how the uncertainty in the input data affects the uncertainty in the data on primary resource savings. In the work, the standard uncertainties have been estimated for both data sets. The uncertainty budget is defined for determination of the primary energy resource savings.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate active enzymes are affected by diet transition from milk to solid food in infant gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingqun Ye ◽  
Promi Das ◽  
Peishun Li ◽  
Boyang Ji ◽  
Jens Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
Primary Energy Resource

ABSTRACT Infants experience a dramatic change in their food in the first year after birth when they shift from breast milk to solid food. This results in a large change in presence of indigestible polysaccharides, a primary energy resource of gut microbes. How the gut microbiota adapts to this dietary shift has not been well examined. Here, by using metagenomics data, we studied carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) of gut microbiota, which are essential enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of polysaccharides, during this dietary shift. We developed a new approach to categorize CAZyme families by food intake and found CAZyme families associated with milk or solid food. We also found CAZymes with most abundance in 12 months infants that are not associated with solid food or milk but may be related to modulating carbohydrates in the mucus. Additionally, the abundance of gut CAZymes were found to be affected by many other factors, including delivery modes and life style in adults. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic change of gut CAZymes in early human life and provide potential markers for food interference or gut microbiota restoration.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansori Ansori ◽  
Sasmitha Ayu Wibowo ◽  
Heri Septya Kusuma ◽  
Donny Satria Bhuana ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Fuel Resource ◽  
Eggshell Waste

AbstractFossil fuel is the main energy resource in Indonesia with oil as the dominant fuel (44.1% of primary energy consumption) in 2017. But fossil fuel is not environmentally friendly and non-renewable. Thus, there is a need for alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil can provide a promising future as a renewable fuel resource. The used of CaO catalyst from eggshell waste is also profitable, and microwave radiation can help the biodiesel production process run more effectively. Optimization of parameters such as microwave power, catalyst concentration, and transesterification time was performed by using Box-Behnken design. Combinations between biodiesel production from nyamplung oil with CaO catalyst using microwave and treated with Box-Behnken design is considered a new and modern method with optimization of the parameters which affect the transesterification process. The result showed that at a microwave power of 325.24 W, a concentration of catalyst of 3.88%, and a transesterification time of 12.47 min can produce an optimal yield of biodiesel of 98.9079% with the reliability of 92.37%.

Evaluation of Commercial Building Clusters With Energy Storage to Reduce Reliance on Electrical Utility Grids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Kaminski ◽  
Philip Odonkor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The decreasing cost of implementation and increasing regulatory incentive to lower energy use have led to an increased adoption of distributed energy resources in recent years. This increased adoption has been further fueled by a surge in energy consciousness and the expansion of energy-saving products and technologies. To lower reliance on the electrical grid and fully realize the benefits of distributed energy resources, many consumers have also elected to use battery systems to store generated energy. For owners of multiple buildings, or multiple owners willing to share the operational cost, building clusters may be formed to more effectively take advantage of these distributed resources and storage systems. The implementation of these systems in existing buildings introduces the question of what makes a “good” building cluster. Furthermore, the scalable nature of distributed energy sources and storage systems create countless possibilities for system configuration. Through comparison of unique two-building clusters from a stock of five buildings with a given distributed energy resource (in this case, a solar photovoltaic panel array) and energy storage system, we develop a fundamental understanding of the underlying factors that allow building clusters to be less reliant on the utility grid and make better use of energy generation and storage systems.

scholarly journals Modern concepts of conversion and storage of energy by dispersed materials absorption

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Dragica Minic-Popovic ◽  
M.V. Susic
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Glass Microsphere ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage

Once hydrogen is generated, the question asked: How do we store hydrogen? Hydrogen can be stored in a variety of ways, each with specific advantages and disadvantages. The overall criteria for choosing a storage method should be safety and ease of use. Described in this paper and listed below are different storage methods available today (compressed hydrogen, liquid carrier storage, glass microsphere, chemically stored hydrogen) in addition to some techniques that are still in the research and development stage: power balls, metal hydride tanks and carbon clusters.

scholarly journals High-Performance Emerging Solid-State Memory Technologies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Goronkin ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThis article introduces the November 2004 issue of MRS Bulletin on the state of the art in solid-state memory and storage technologies.The memory business drives hundreds of billions of dollars in sales of electronic equipment per year. The incentive for continuing on the historical track outlined by Moore's law is huge, and this challenge is driving considerable investment from governments around the world as well as in private industry and universities. The problem is this: recognizing that current approaches to semiconductor-based memory are limited, what new technologies can be introduced to continue or even accelerate the pace of complexity? The articles in this issue highlight several commercially available memories, as well as memory technologies that are still in the research and development stages. What will become apparent to the reader is the huge diversity of approaches to this problem.

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