scholarly journals High-Performance Emerging Solid-State Memory Technologies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Goronkin ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThis article introduces the November 2004 issue of MRS Bulletin on the state of the art in solid-state memory and storage technologies.The memory business drives hundreds of billions of dollars in sales of electronic equipment per year. The incentive for continuing on the historical track outlined by Moore's law is huge, and this challenge is driving considerable investment from governments around the world as well as in private industry and universities. The problem is this: recognizing that current approaches to semiconductor-based memory are limited, what new technologies can be introduced to continue or even accelerate the pace of complexity? The articles in this issue highlight several commercially available memories, as well as memory technologies that are still in the research and development stages. What will become apparent to the reader is the huge diversity of approaches to this problem.

BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

The Digital Evolution

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Research

AbstractThe following article is an edited transcript based on the plenary address given by Craig R. Barrett, chair of the board of Intel Corp., on April 19, 2006, at the 2006 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Since before the industrial revolution, technology has changed lives, opportunities, and economies. Similarly, the digital evolution has touched nearly every aspect of modern life and is reshaping economies around the world. As more and more of the world's people engage in the digital economy, both competition and opportunities will grow. Competitiveness in the global economy will be determined by how people and nations position themselves in the digital evolution. What lies ahead for us in the next 10 years? What new technologies will alter the technology landscape? What are the opportunities going forward, and how do we prepare? How can materials research and development help us to move forward faster?

scholarly journals On Sign Language Toolbox Aid

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Mohanad Abdulhamid ◽  
Ndiwa Chesebe
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
Interface Devices ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Hearing Difficulties

AbstractThe world has been lately witnessing a landmark revolution in technology whereby more research and development is going into producing devices that are able to respond to human emotions, motions and behavior. These days, mobile phones are able to capture photos when the user is smiling or gesturing towards them. By making certain gestures, a user is able to control smart televisions and computers at the comfort of their homes, without the need of extra interface devices. The interaction between man and machines is being improved and made as natural as possible. More so, the application of hand gesture technology is finding use in making communication between people with hearing difficulties and those without, possible. This research presents the techniques that have made this possible. Most of these techniques however are in development stages. This is because of the significant challenges faced in providing this solution. First, there are over 30,000 sign language gestures which is quite a headache when trying to integrate them into a recognition system. Secondly, despite the fact that there are standard ways of making the sign language gestures, people have variations to them. Developers hence have to make allowance for these variations and in effect compromise on the accuracy of the system. This research evaluates the various algorithms developed, and tries to propose an algorithm that strikes the best balance between accuracy and allowance for variations in the sign language gestures.

scholarly journals Sociability and identity in virtu@ls universes. The digitalization of reality in the new XXIst century generations

Comunicar ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Millán-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Xxist Century ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
New Form ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Entornos Virtuales

The Internet allows us to build a side-world where we invent and re-invent ourselves, relate to the world and face reality through a screen. The new generations are being socialized in virtual surroundings. Which will the consequences be? The step forward from the atom to the bit has determined a new form to see the outside. It has extended the capacity of memory and storage of the human being, but mainly it allows people to relate in a way which will change the idiosyncracy of the man. New technologies are shaping the man. They have already made his body infinite and free, marked by virtual processes that we do not even know. Young people of XXIth century are the digital generation. Internet ha ido construyendo un mundo paralelo donde nos se crea y se recrea, donde nos relacionamos con el mundo y afrontamos la realidad a través de una pantalla. Las nuevas generaciones se están socializando en entornos virtuales, pero ¿cuáles serán las consecuencias? El paso del átomo al bit ha determinado una nueva forma de ver el exterior, ha ampliado la capacidad de memoria y almacenamiento del ser humano, pero sobre todo permite una forma de relacionarse que cambiará la idiosincrasia del hombre. Las nuevas tecnologías modelan al hombre, lo han hecho infinito, libre de su cuerpo, condicionado por procesos virtuales que aun no se conocen. Los jóvenes del siglo XXI son la generación digital.

scholarly journals The application of cloud computing to scientific workflows: a study of cost and performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1983) ◽  
pp. 20120066 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bruce Berriman ◽  
Ewa Deelman ◽  
Gideon Juve ◽  
Mats Rynge ◽  
Jens-S. Vöckler
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
New Science ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Data Centres

The current model of transferring data from data centres to desktops for analysis will soon be rendered impractical by the accelerating growth in the volume of science datasets. Processing will instead often take place on high-performance servers co-located with data. Evaluations of how new technologies such as cloud computing would support such a new distributed computing model are urgently needed. Cloud computing is a new way of purchasing computing and storage resources on demand through virtualization technologies. We report here the results of investigations of the applicability of commercial cloud computing to scientific computing, with an emphasis on astronomy, including investigations of what types of applications can be run cheaply and efficiently on the cloud, and an example of an application well suited to the cloud: processing a large dataset to create a new science product.

scholarly journals Self-healing Concrete and Environmental Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Amiri ◽  
Javad Majrouhi Sardroud ◽  
Ali Golsoorat Pahlaviani
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

Nanotechnology will serve as a suitable solution to achieve high performance in future construction. Using this new technology results in creativity and innovation in the construction industry. One of these new technologies is the smart concrete which has received much emphasis in recent years. Many research and experiments have been conducted in scientific research centers around the world in this regard. It is an undeniable fact that concrete structures are prone to cracking. Natural processes have caused cracks in the concrete through which harmful substances entered the concrete leading to steel corrosion. To tackle this issue through the conventional method of concrete restorative, materials, especially polymers which are also harmful to the environment, are used. An alternative that the scientists have achieved is to employ bacteria in concrete through which to produce self-healing concrete and also to reduce the problems regarding the maintenance of concrete for the environment. Bacteria contribute to the durability and performance of the concrete and increase the service life of the concrete.

scholarly journals Benchtop Semi-Automated Solid State Photolithography Tool

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoulikha Mouffak ◽  
A. Olaivar ◽  
A. N. Vang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Mask Aligner ◽  
Led Array ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photolithography Process

The cost of a lab-grade photolithography tool is typically of the order of tens of thousands of dollars, a prohibitive price for many organizations that wish to prototype the fabrication of nanostructures. The availability of a more cost-friendly implementation of photolithography is crucial to the research and development of new technologies in nanoscale devices. In this work, we built a scaled down simplified version of a patterning system, the benchtop photolithography tool, which is expected to replicate certain nanopatterning techniques for under $300 —a tiny fraction of the cost of a typical mask aligner. A semi-automated benchtop photolithography tool is designed, fabricated, and programmed for prototyping and for research purposes. We use a USB 32-Bit Whacker PIC32MX795 Development Board that drives a programmable touchscreen, a UV LED array, a shutter, and a UV sensor, allowing us to have the desired high precision UV exposure. The integration of a microcontroller to operate the peripheral components of the tool allows to automate the small-scale photolithography process.

scholarly journals Emerging MXene–Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposites for High-Performance Ammonia Sensing and Monitoring

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2496
Author(s):  
Vishal Chaudhary ◽  
Akash Gautam ◽  
Yogendra K. Mishra ◽  
Ajeet Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Ammonia Sensing ◽  
Polymer Hybrid ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sensing Characteristics ◽  
Tunable Morphology

Ammonia (NH3) is a vital compound in diversified fields, including agriculture, automotive, chemical, food processing, hydrogen production and storage, and biomedical applications. Its extensive industrial use and emission have emerged hazardous to the ecosystem and have raised global public health concerns for monitoring NH3 emissions and implementing proper safety strategies. These facts created emergent demand for translational and sustainable approaches to design efficient, affordable, and high-performance compact NH3 sensors. Commercially available NH3 sensors possess three major bottlenecks: poor selectivity, low concentration detection, and room-temperature operation. State-of-the-art NH3 sensors are scaling up using advanced nano-systems possessing rapid, selective, efficient, and enhanced detection to overcome these challenges. MXene–polymer nanocomposites (MXP-NCs) are emerging as advanced nanomaterials of choice for NH3 sensing owing to their affordability, excellent conductivity, mechanical flexibility, scalable production, rich surface functionalities, and tunable morphology. The MXP-NCs have demonstrated high performance to develop next-generation intelligent NH3 sensors in agricultural, industrial, and biomedical applications. However, their excellent NH3-sensing features are not articulated in the form of a review. This comprehensive review summarizes state-of-the-art MXP-NCs fabrication techniques, optimization of desired properties, enhanced sensing characteristics, and applications to detect airborne NH3. Furthermore, an overview of challenges, possible solutions, and prospects associated with MXP-NCs is discussed.

ONLOLYTIC VIRUSES: CURRENT SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Ivan Osipov ◽  
Galina Kochneva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

The history and current state-of-the-art of the research and development in the field of oncolytic viruses are described. The information about types and mechanisms of actions of these viruses is presented together with situation of clinical trials in different countries.

A Survey of Cloud-Based Design and Engineering Analysis Software Tools

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhong Wu ◽  
Janis Terpenny ◽  
Dirk Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Almost All

In recent years, industrial nations around the globe have invested heavily in new technologies, software, and services to advance digital design and engineering analysis using the digital thread, data analytics, and high performance computing. Many of these initiatives such as Cloud-Based Design and Engineering analysis (CBDEA) fall under the umbrella of what has become known as Industry 4.0 or Industrial Internet. While an increasing number of companies are developing or already offering commercial cloud-based software packages and services for digital design and engineering analysis, little work has been reported on analyzing and documenting the related state-of-the-art as well as identifying potentially critical research gaps to be addressed in advancing this rapidly growing field. The objective of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review of digital design and engineering analysis software and services that are currently available on the cloud. The main focus of this paper is on assessing the extent to which design and engineering analysis can already be performed based on the software and services accessed through the cloud. In addition, the key capabilities and benefits of these software packages and services are discussed. Based on the assessment of the core features of commercial CBDEA software and service packages, results suggest that almost all phases of a typical design and engineering analysis process can indeed already be conducted through cloud-based software tools and services.

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