Luminous flux meter failures and potential solution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Chen ◽  
K.W.E. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Potential Solution

Analysis of Characteristics of Halogen and LED Automobile Lamps

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
Yulia A. Zhuravlyova
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Luminous Efficacy ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
Halogen Lamps

This work contains analysis of characteristics of automobile lamps by Philips, KOITO, ETI flip chip LEDs, Osram, General Electric (GE), Gtinthebox, OSLAMPledbulbs with H1, H4, H7, H11 caps: luminous flux, luminous efficacy, correlated colour temperature. Characteristics of the studied samples are analysed before the operation of the lamps. The analysis of the calculation results allows us to make a conclusion that the values of correlated colour temperature of halogen lamps are close to the parameters declared by manufacturers. The analysis of the study results has shown that, based on actual values of correlated colour temperature, it is not advisable to use LED lamps in unfavourable weather conditions (such as rain, fog, snow). The results of the study demonstrate that there is a slight dispersion of actual values of luminous flux of halogen lamps by different manufacturers. Maximum variation between values of luminous flux of different lamps does not exceed 14 %. The analysis of the measurement results has shown that actual values of luminous flux of all halogen lamps comply with the mandatory rules specified in the UN/ECE Regulation No. 37 and luminous flux of LED lamps exceeds maximum allowable value by more than 8 %. Luminous efficacy of LED lamps is higher than that of halogen lamps: more than 82 lm/W and lower power consumption. The results of the measurements have shown that power consumption of a LED automobile lamp is lower than that of similar halogen lamps by 3 times and their luminous efficacy is higher by 5 times.

Analysis of Characteristics of LED Lamps with T8 Bulb by Various Manufacturers

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Nina P. Nestyorkina ◽  
Olga Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
Yulia A. Zhuravlyova
Keyword(s):  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Nominal Voltage ◽  
Electric Parameters ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Colour Rendering

The article analyses the operational characteristics of 10W LED lamps with T8 bulb manufactured by ASD (Russia), Smartbuy (Taiwan), and VOLPE (PRC) and 18W FL with T8 bulb manufactured by PHILIPS (Poland) including the dependence of these lamps on the supply voltage. The results of measurements show that: a) the period of stabilisation of electric parameters and luminous flux of LED lamps does not cause discomfort of illumination unlike the said FL, the luminous flux of which at the moment of switching on is 70 % of the nominal value, which is reached after 13 minutes; b) with nominal voltage of supply network, the value of luminous flux of 10W ASD LED-T8R-STD LED lamp (Russia) is 6 % less than the declared one, and that of Smartbuy SBL-T8-10-64K-A (Taiwan) and VOLPE LED-T8-10W/DW/G13/FR/FIX/N (PRC) is even less; c) the general colour rendering index of all studied LED lamps is less than the declared one (72 instead of 80); d) the flicker index of all studied LED lamps does not exceed the declared value of 5 %; e) the characteristics of LED lamps almost do not depend on changes of the supply voltage within the range of ±10 %. The recommendations regarding the application of the studied LED lamps are given.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead to reduced male aggression?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Walker ◽  
Brian Hare
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Social System ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Dominance Style ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Support

The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3) mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary findings provide initial support that the bonobo social system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively protecting offspring against consequences of male aggression. Le style de dominance des bonobos présente un puzzle évolutionnaire. Les bonobos ne sont pas dominés par les mâles mais les bonobos femelles ne montrent pas les traits caractéristiques d’une espèce dominée par femelles. On propose l’hypothèse de dominance de progéniture (ODH) comme une solution potentielle. La ODH suggère que le système social des bonobos a évolué en défense contre l’infanticide et pas sous pression pour la monopolisation des ressources. Les femelles qui préviennent l’agression vers leur progéniture et leur préférence d’accouplement avec des mâles moins agressives étaient très efficaces. À l’appui de la ODH on a trouvé pendant nos observations à Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary que: 1) les mâles adultes bonobos agressent rarement vers les bébés avec mères, 2) quelques adolescents bonobos qui furent élevés par leurs mères atteignent un rang plus haut que les mâles adultes et 3) la progéniture élevée par la mère interagissent avec avec d’adultes mâles sans la présence de leur mère. Ces trouvailles préliminaires donnent appuie à l’hypothèse que le système social des bonobos a évolué par les avantages corporelles de la protection de la progéniture contre les conséquences de l’agression mâle.

Accessible Filmmaking and Media Accessibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-353
Author(s):  
Pablo Romero-Fresco
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Creative Team

Despite their importance in the reception and distribution of films, translation and accessibility have traditionally been neglected in the film industry. They are regarded as an afterthought, which results in translators being isolated from the creative team and working in conditions that hamper their attempts to maintain the filmmaker’s original vision. As a potential solution to this problem, accessible filmmaking (AFM) aims to integrate translation and accessibility into the production process through the collaboration between the creative team and the translator. This chapter outlines, firstly, the theoretical framework that underlies AFM, drawing on both translation/media accessibility and film studies and incorporating the notion of the global film. It then reviews the application of AFM in the filmmaking industry through the collaboration between accessible filmmakers and directors of translation and access. Finally, it introduces a new engagement-based approach to media accessibility that has resulted from AFM and compares it to the comprehension-based approach that has traditionally been used in this area.

scholarly journals Renovation of Public Lighting Systems in Cultural Landscapes: Lighting and Energy Performance and Their Impact on Nightscapes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Lodovica Valetti ◽  
Francesca Floris ◽  
Anna Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The technological innovation in the field of lighting and the need to reduce energy consumption connected to public lighting are leading many municipalities to undertake the renewal of public lighting systems, by replacing the existing luminaires with LED technologies. This renovation process is usually aimed at increasing energy efficiency and reducing maintenance costs, whist improving the lighting performance. To achieve these results, the new luminaires are often characterised by a luminous flux distribution much more downward oriented, which may remarkably influence and alter the perception of the night image of the sites. In this study the implications of the renovation of public lighting systems in terms of lighting and energy performance as well as the effects relating to the alteration of the night image, in historical contexts characterized by significant landscape value, are analysed. Results, along with demonstrating the positive effect that more sustainable and energy efficient lighting systems may have on the lighting performance and energy consumptions of public lighting systems, evidences the impact they may have on the alteration of the nocturnal image.

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