Analysis of Tungsten Halogen Lamps Characteristics

The authors briefly review distinctions of tungsten halogen lamps (THL) and analyse the results of their own measurements of characteristics of three types of THL manufactured by Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA. Rated power, luminous flux, and correlated colour temperature of lamps were measured. Relative measurement errors with consideration of possible technological errors for these products do not exceed 0.84 % for values of rated power and 0.29 % for values of correlated colour temperature in batches of 13 pcs. The analysis conducted shows that the technical level of development and production technology of Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA provides high quality of THL.

Development of a Flame Detector using a 4-wavelength Infrared Sensor

In this study, the effectiveness and feasibility of a flame detector using a 4-wavelength infrared sensor that can compensate for the non-fire alarm disadvantages of the existing infrared flame detector was analyzed. The proposed flame detector adds an additional infrared sensor to the existing flame detector that uses two or three infrared sensors. The information from the additional sensor was used to determine non-fire alarms. To determine the fire/non-fire, wavelength information of the flame emitted from the fire source is required. To obtain this wavelength information, various fire sources, such as halogen lamps, spectrum analysis, fan heaters, and arc welding, were analyzed. To analyze the wavelength characteristics of each fire source, spectrum analysis (fast fourier transform, FFT) of wavelengths was performed in the central processing unit (CPU) of the flame detector, and the intensity of each wavelength was measured. Additionally, two wavelengths (3.95 μm and 5.3 μm) were used to discriminate non-fire alarms, and the parameters for judging fire/non-fire more accurately were derived using the information on these two wavelengths. To confirm the operation characteristics of the 4-wavelength infrared sensor flame detector, a fire test was performed using n-heptane. The results of the experiment indicate that the fire signal was generated accurately in the fire source experiment using n-heptane, and the non-fire alarm could be accurately identified in the non-fire source experiment of halogen lamps, fan heaters, and arc welding.

Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4 by the Floating-Zone Method Using an Infrared Image Furnace with Improved Halogen Lamps

We report the single-crystal growth of the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, on which research has reached a turning point recently. In order to optimize the quality of crystals grown by the floating-zone method using an infrared image furnace, we focus on an improvement of the structure of the filament in the halogen lamps. By reducing the thickness of the total filament, the form of the molten zone was narrowed. More importantly, the molten zone was observed to be more stable during the growth process. Finally, we obtained the crystals with a length of 12 cm. Additionally, the grown crystal has high quality, displaying the 1.5 K transition temperature expected only for the purest crystals. We also discuss the availability of the newly developed halogen lamps.

Light intensity of the light-curing units in private clinics in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador

Introduction: Light intensity emitted by the curing lamps represents an essential factor in the activation of photosensitive materials. The adequate supply of intensity, as well as the correct functioning of the device, it ensures a correct dental treatment. Objective: To know the light intensity, type, and fiber state of the curing lamps used in private dental offices in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the light intensity of 366 light-curing lamps from private clinics with the use of a Bluephase Meter II radiometer, besides the Likert-scale based evaluation of its type and condition. Data analysis was done with the software R v.3.2 and its interface R-Studio v.1.2. Results: Inadequate light intensities were observed in 18% of the total analyzed units. Inadequate light intensities corresponded at 46% of Halogen lamps, and 12% of LED units. Likewise, 17% of units presented fiber fracture, while 52% showed residues of biomaterials on it. The predominant diameter in the units was 8mm, representing 65% of the total of light-curing lamps analyzed. Conclusions: LED lamps presented adequate light intensities in higher proportion in comparison to halogen lamps. It was shown that the presence of fractures and residues decrease the intensity of the photocuring units. Furthermore, we indicate that a periodic control of the light-curing units is necessary to prevent future problems in oral treatments.

Perancangan Plts Sebagai Sumber Energi Pemanas Kolam Pendederan Ikan Nila

This research has been done in the larvae fish pond in Lumbung Village, Tabanan regency. Surya cell is device consists of solar cell, charge controller, and batterei that change sunlight to be electric. Fish like many living organisms have specific tolerant range of various environmental parameters, thus fish larvae ponds of specific types of fish species requires certain conditions that have to be reached. Larvae that have hatched, should be raised in a special place, when their ages are 5-7 days. And it becomes threat if in interval 3 – 4 weeks happen cold weather that make the larvae will be died. To avoid the cold weather occurs, warming can be done with heater or halogen lamps. Solar Energy is produced by the Sunlight is a non-vanishing renewable source of energy which is free from ecofriendly. The highest intensity of sunlight occurs at 11.00-14.00 with the value of the intensity of sunlight is around 96.000 - 112.500 lumen and average power about 24 – 28 W. Monitoring and taking actions to maintain the habitat’s sustainable environment for certain larvae inside of fish larvae ponds. Halogen lamps give the warmth to the water with the intensity of the light in cash, so that the water temperature is located between 27 – 30 oC at the night.

Analysis of Characteristics of Halogen and LED Automobile Lamps

This work contains analysis of characteristics of automobile lamps by Philips, KOITO, ETI flip chip LEDs, Osram, General Electric (GE), Gtinthebox, OSLAMPledbulbs with H1, H4, H7, H11 caps: luminous flux, luminous efficacy, correlated colour temperature. Characteristics of the studied samples are analysed before the operation of the lamps. The analysis of the calculation results allows us to make a conclusion that the values of correlated colour temperature of halogen lamps are close to the parameters declared by manufacturers. The analysis of the study results has shown that, based on actual values of correlated colour temperature, it is not advisable to use LED lamps in unfavourable weather conditions (such as rain, fog, snow). The results of the study demonstrate that there is a slight dispersion of actual values of luminous flux of halogen lamps by different manufacturers. Maximum variation between values of luminous flux of different lamps does not exceed 14 %. The analysis of the measurement results has shown that actual values of luminous flux of all halogen lamps comply with the mandatory rules specified in the UN/ECE Regulation No. 37 and luminous flux of LED lamps exceeds maximum allowable value by more than 8 %. Luminous efficacy of LED lamps is higher than that of halogen lamps: more than 82 lm/W and lower power consumption. The results of the measurements have shown that power consumption of a LED automobile lamp is lower than that of similar halogen lamps by 3 times and their luminous efficacy is higher by 5 times.