Performance comparison of high energy capacitor technologies part 2: Metalized electrodes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MacDonald ◽  
J. B. Ennis ◽  
R. A. Cooper ◽  
J. E. Gilbert ◽  
M. A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison

Thermal Performance Comparison between Single and Double Storey Terrace Houses in Melaka, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 416-422
Author(s):  
Fahanim Abdul Rashid ◽  
Asrul Mahjuddin Ressang Aminuddin ◽  
Norafida Ab. Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Housing Typology

Over the past decade many studies were conducted to investigate the thermal performance of terraced houses in Malaysia. It was found that this housing typology failed to address the need for thermal comfort and alternatives to the narrow frontage with deep plan have been proposed with simulated good thermal performance. Although this is good progress for new generation of terraced houses, millions of units of terraced houses are still in use and new units with the outdated existing plans continued to get built due to consistently very high demand due to progressive urbanisation and rapid economic developments. Therefore, it is imperative that the thermal comfort issue for existing terraced houses is dealt with and through this paper a comparison between single and double storey terraced houses is made through analysis of indoor environmental monitoring (ambient temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) of two (2) selected case studies in Merlimau, Melaka. Contrary to popular belief, it is found that there is no statistical difference between both sets of indoor temperature and relative humidity between the case studies. This finding is indicative of the consistent and stable temporal temperature highs and lows in a 24 hour cycle despite the difference in indoor volume and distance between the ground floor and the roof cavity. Much of the reason is due to the materiality of the terraced houses construction and unsealed and uninsulated building envelope. Therefore, further research into improving the thermal performance of existing terraced houses of any typology have to be conducted to allow thermal comfort and to reduce reliance on high energy consuming air-conditioning.

scholarly journals High Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Networks: Cooperative and Cognitive Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wang ◽  
Jiamo Jiang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed ◽  
Mugen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
High Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Performance

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) is considered as the main and eminent future communication technology, since it achieves high spectral efficiency per unit area and saves energy due to low transmission power. Mass deployment of small cells in cochannel mode increases overall system capacity, but it is also coupled with greater risk of cochannel interference. This paper overviews the interference model based on the Poisson point process (PPP) and analyzes the performance in terms of energy efficiency in multitier HetNet. As the promising solution for improving the performance of HetNet, both the cooperative communication and cognitive radio techniques to mitigate the interference in HetNet are surveyed. As one example of cooperative communication techniques, a hierarchical cooperation scheme on the spectrum allocation is presented and its energy efficiency performance is analyzed and evaluated. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency increases from the cognitive radio technique are demonstrated as well. The energy efficiency performance comparison between the presented cooperative communication and cognitive radio techniques is emphasized, which suggests that the cooperation communication technique is preferred to suppress the interference and increase the energy efficiency in HetNets.

scholarly journals Review—Carbon Electrodes in Magnesium Sulphur Batteries: Performance Comparison of Electrodes and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Chadha ◽  
Preetam Bhardwaj ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽  
Dikshita Kabra ◽  
Garima Pareek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Practical Implementation

Abstract Magnesium-sulfur batteries have developed as a new and emerging technology benefiting from high energy density, low cost, reasonable safety, and excellent energy storage due to the high natural abundance of electrochemically active materials and low dendrite formation in magnesium. Here we report various enhancement strategies and also focus on using carbon electrodes, coating layers of carbon over the cathodes, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, graphene-carbon nanotubes in magnesium-sulfur batteries because of its high conductivity and improved overall electrochemical functioning of the magnesium-sulfur battery. However, developing these batteries remains challenging due to significant problems caused during theirs operation, such as self-discharge, Mg-anode passivation, insufficient reversible capacity, low sulfur cathode utilization, and rapid capacity loss. We acknowledge the synthesis of non-nucleophilic electrolytes, both situ characterizations of anode or electrode reactions and kinetics, strategic development of sulfur-based cathodes and carbon electrode in Mg-S battery as a critical factor toward improvement in cycle performance, specific capacity, overpotential and working voltage, and confinement of Mg-PS polysulfide, to limit the shuttling of polysulphides, steady accumulation and desolvation of magnesium divalent ions to create a magnesium-conducting surface electrode interphase(SEI). We also present a detailed description of the Mg-S battery, its challenges, future research directions for the practical implementation of the various developed electrolyte and electrodes

SMA-Based Hydraulic Switching Valve

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Nalbach ◽  
Paul Motzki ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Magnetic Actuator ◽  
Switching Valve ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Spring Force ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Future Work

Hydraulic switching valves are vital components commonly used in hydraulic applications. In a simple configuration, the valve has two states, open and closed. A spring pushes a spool into its first position and typically an electro-magnetic actuator working against the spring force is used to pull the spool into its second position. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA’s) are known as actuators with very high energy density. This fact allows for the construction of very light weight and compact systems. The focus of this work is to replace the traditionally used electro-magnetic actuator in a hydraulic switching valve with an SMA wire actuator. This will allow for a reduction in the construction space and weight of the switching valve. This work begins with an evaluation of the force and stroke requirements of a commercially available magnetic valve. Based on this information a new valve design using SMA wires is constructed to meet the same performance requirements. Once designed and fabricated, the SMA based valve is evaluated with respect to force and stroke. Finally both valves are arranged with other hydraulic components in a test station for direct performance comparison. The results concerning the hydraulic parameters like pressure and flow rate are compared to the conventional valve. In conclusion, the experimental results are displayed and an outlook on future work and possible application scenarios is given.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of Yb:YAG ceramics and crystal gain material in a large-area, high-energy, high average–power diode-pumped laser

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Divoky ◽  
J. Pilar ◽  
M. Hanus ◽  
P. Navratil ◽  
M. Sawicka-Chyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
High Average Power ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Diode Pumped ◽  
Gain Material ◽  
Power Diode

scholarly journals A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishaka Basnayake ◽  
Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
P. Muthuchidambaranathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Access Scheme ◽  
Data Rates

Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed.

scholarly journals Coupled Bionic Design Based on Primnoa Mouthpart to Improve the Performance of a Straw Returning Machine

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Jiale Zhao ◽  
Xiaogeng Wang ◽  
Jian Zhuang ◽  
Huili Liu ◽  
Yijia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Discrete Element Method Simulation ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Qualification Rate

The high energy consumption and low crushing length qualification rate of traditional straw returning machines in the main maize-growing regions of northeast China make it difficult to promote straw returning operations in the region. The primnoa locust mouthpart is extremely efficient in cutting maize rootstocks. In this paper, it was found that there are significant differences between the primnoa locust mouthpart and the conventional machine, these exist mainly in the cutting edge structure and cutting motion. Thus, this paper develops a coupled bionic design for structural and kinematic coupling elements to develop a bionic straw returning machine. This paper found that the operating performance of the bionic straw returning machine was mainly affected by the blade rotation radius and the output rotation speed of the drive mechanism through DEM (discrete element method) simulation, and the optimal combination of the two parameters was 248 mm rotation radius and 930 r/min output rotation speed. Finally, this paper finds that the most obvious operational performance difference of the bionic straw returning machine compared with the traditional straw returning machine is that it can reduce the cutting power consumption by 9.4–11.7% and improve the crushing length qualification rate by 10.4–14.7% through the operational performance comparison test. Based on the above findings, this paper suggests that in future research and development of straw returning machines, more attention can be focused on finding suitable bionic prototypes and improving bionic design methods.

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

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