High Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Networks: Cooperative and Cognitive Techniques

Heterogeneous network (HetNet) is considered as the main and eminent future communication technology, since it achieves high spectral efficiency per unit area and saves energy due to low transmission power. Mass deployment of small cells in cochannel mode increases overall system capacity, but it is also coupled with greater risk of cochannel interference. This paper overviews the interference model based on the Poisson point process (PPP) and analyzes the performance in terms of energy efficiency in multitier HetNet. As the promising solution for improving the performance of HetNet, both the cooperative communication and cognitive radio techniques to mitigate the interference in HetNet are surveyed. As one example of cooperative communication techniques, a hierarchical cooperation scheme on the spectrum allocation is presented and its energy efficiency performance is analyzed and evaluated. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency increases from the cognitive radio technique are demonstrated as well. The energy efficiency performance comparison between the presented cooperative communication and cognitive radio techniques is emphasized, which suggests that the cooperation communication technique is preferred to suppress the interference and increase the energy efficiency in HetNets.

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Evaluation of the energy efficiency of an industrial consumer in trigeneration mode

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20198501005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Constantin Ionescu ◽

Diana Tuţică ◽

Roxana Pătraşcu ◽

Cristian Dincă ◽

Nela Slavu

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Multicriteria Analysis ◽

High Energy ◽

Management Program ◽

Hot Water ◽

Industrial Society ◽

Technological Solution ◽

Efficiency Performance ◽

A Company

The optimization of the energy supply solution of an industrial facility is a main objective of any management program within a company, having as desideratum: quality, safety and flexibility in energy supply. The electricity and heat supply (heat and cold) using a trigeneration plant is a modern technological solution, with high energy efficiency performance and low impact on the environment. Also, this technology is economically efficient, assuring the reduction of the global energy consumption of the industrial society, and implicitly the increasing of the profit. The input data considered in this paper are the values and the characteristics of the demands of the three energy forms belonging to the analysed industrial consumer. The structure of the thermal energy both as heat (technological steam, heating, domestic hot water) and cold (air conditioning) is considered. The consumption of the electricity covers the need of both the technological process and of the buildings (power supply and lighting). In a first stage, the most suitable technological solution for the specific conditions and characteristics of the needs is chosen. The multicriteria analysis of the proposed technological solution is performed during the next stage.

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A Planning and Optimization Framework for Ultra Dense Cellular Deployments

Mobile Information Systems ◽

10.1155/2017/9242058 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David González González ◽

Edward Mutafungwa ◽

Beneyam Haile ◽

Jyri Hämäläinen ◽

Héctor Poveda

Keyword(s):

Bandwidth Allocation ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Network Planning ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Base Stations ◽

System Capacity ◽

Small Cells ◽

Demand Distribution ◽

Optimization Framework ◽

The Impact

To accommodate the ever-expanding wireless data traffic volumes, mobile network operators are complementing their macrocellular networks by deploying low-power base stations (or small cells) to offload traffic from congested macrocells and to reuse spectrum. To that end, Ultra Dense Network (UDN) deployments provide means to aggressively reuse spectrum, thus providing significant enhancements in terms of system capacity. However, these deployments entail several challenges, including the increased complexity in network planning and optimization. In this paper, we propose a versatile optimization framework for planning UDN deployments. The planning and optimization framework is underpinned by metrics that consider scalability in terms of number of users, cost of densification, and fairness. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a real-world UDN planning case. The numerical results expose a number of interesting insights, including the impact of different bandwidth allocation strategies and spatial service demand distribution on the performance of various network topologies. Specifically, we provide a performance comparison of the optimized UDN topologies versus random (unplanned), regular grid, and heuristically derived UDN topologies. This comparison further underlines the need for flexible network planning and optimization frameworks as different operator performance metrics of interest may require different radio access networks configurations.

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Energy efficiency performance of cooperative schemes in cognitive radio networks with secrecy

2015 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) ◽

10.1109/cns.2015.7346919 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Frederic Gabry ◽

Pin-Hsun Lin ◽

Eduard Jorswieck

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Cognitive Radio ◽

Cognitive Radio Networks ◽

Radio Networks ◽

Efficiency Performance

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Performance evaluation of wireless data traffic in Mm wave massive MIMO communication

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1342-1350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1342

Author(s):

Ahmed Thair Al-Heety ◽

Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽

Ahmed Hashim Rashid ◽

Hasanain N. Abd Ali ◽

Ali Mohammed Fadil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Massive Mimo ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Network Capacity ◽

System Capacity ◽

Small Cells ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Wireless Data ◽

Wireless Backhaul ◽

Input Multiple Output

<span>Due to the evaluation of mobile devices and applications in the current decade, a new direction for wireless networks has emerged. The general consensus about the future 5G network is that the following should be taken into account; the purpose of thousand-fold system capacity, hundredfold energy efficiency, lower latency, and smooth connectivity. The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), as well as the Millimeter wave (mm Wave) have been considered in the ultra-dense cellular network (UDN), because they are viewed as the emergent solution for the next generations of communication. This article focuses on evaluating and discussing the performance of mm Wave massive MIMO for ultra-dense network, which is one of the major technologies for the 5G wireless network. More so, the energy efficiencies of two kinds of architectures for wireless backhaul networks were investigated and compared in this article. The results of the simulation revealed some points that should be considered during the deployment of small cells in the two architectures UDN with backhaul network capacity and backhaul energy efficiency, that the changing the frequency bands in Distribution approach gives the same energy efficiency reached to 600 Mb/s at 15 nodes while the Conventional approach results reached less than 100 Mb/s at the same number of nodes.</span>

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A New Green Prospective of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for 5G

Information ◽

10.3390/info11020089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vishaka Basnayake ◽

Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody ◽

Vishal Sharma ◽

Nikhil Sharma ◽

P. Muthuchidambaranathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Wireless Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Multiple Access ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

High Energy ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Mobile Cellular ◽

Access Scheme ◽

Data Rates

Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed.

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Using Massive MIMO and Small Cells to Deliver a Better Energy-Efficient Cognitive Radio Network

International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) ◽

10.15866/irecap.v6i5.9781 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Efe Francis Orumwense ◽

Thomas J. Afullo ◽

Viranjay M. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Radio ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Massive Mimo ◽

Cognitive Radio Network ◽

Small Cells ◽

Radio Network

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Reactions in Activated Peroxide Systems and their Influences on Bleaching Performance

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570193x17999201029191747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Jinmei Du ◽

Changhai Xu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Textile Industry ◽

High Energy ◽

Side Reactions ◽

Competitive Reactions ◽

High Energy Efficiency ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Bleach Activators

Abstract:: Activated peroxide systems are formed by adding so-called bleach activators to aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, developed in the seventies of the last century for use in domestic laundry for their high energy efficiency and introduced at the beginning of the 21st century to the textile industry as an approach toward overcoming the extensive energy consumption in bleaching. In activated peroxide systems, bleach activators undergo perhydrolysis to generate more kinetically active peracids that enable bleaching under milder conditions while hydrolysis of bleach activators and decomposition of peracids may occur as side reactions to weaken the bleaching efficiency. This mini-review aims to summarize these competitive reactions in activated peroxide systems and their influence on bleaching performance.

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An Efficient Distributed Single-hop Relay Supporting (EDSRS) MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327908666180801125223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 153-164

Author(s):

Arvind Kakria ◽

Trilok Chand Aseri

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Cooperative Communication ◽

Mimo Systems ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Relay Node ◽

Base Stations ◽

Destination Node ◽

Distributed Coordination ◽

Hardware Complexity

Background & Objective: Wireless communication has immensely grown during the past few decades due to significant demand for mobile access. Although cost-effective as compared to their wired counterpart, maintaining good quality-of-service (QoS) in these networks has always remained a challenge. Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which consists of multiple transmitter and receiver antennas, have been widely acknowledged for their QoS and transmit diversity. Though suited for cellular base stations, MIMO systems are not suited for small-sized wireless nodes due to their hardware complexity, cost, and increased power requirements. Cooperative communication that allows relays, i.e. mobile or fixed nodes in a communication network, to share their resources and forward other node’s data to the destination node has substituted the MIMO systems nowadays. To harness the full benefit of cooperative communication, appropriate relay node selection is very important. This paper presents an efficient single-hop distributed relay supporting medium access control (MAC) protocol (EDSRS) that works in the single-hop environment and improves the energy efficiency and the life of relay nodes without compensating the throughput of the network. Methods: The protocol has been simulated using NS2 simulator. The proposed protocol is compared with energy efficient cooperative MAC protocol (EECOMAC) and legacy distributed coordination function (DCF) on the basis of throughput, energy efficiency, transmission delay and an end to end delay with various payload sizes. Result and Conclusion: The result of the comparison indicates that the proposed protocol (EDSRS) outperforms the other two protocols.

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