Trading dependability and energy consumption in critical infrastructures: focus on the rail switch heating system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Chiaradonna ◽  
Felicita Di Giandomenico ◽  
Giulio Masetti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Critical Infrastructures

scholarly journals Online Implementation of a Soft Actor-Critic Agent to Enhance Indoor Temperature Control and Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Davide Coraci ◽  
Silvio Brandi ◽  
Marco Savino Piscitelli ◽  
Alfonso Capozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Indoor Temperature Control

Recently, a growing interest has been observed in HVAC control systems based on Artificial Intelligence, to improve comfort conditions while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. In this work, a model-free algorithm belonging to the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) class, Soft Actor-Critic, was implemented to control the supply water temperature to radiant terminal units of a heating system serving an office building. The controller was trained online, and a preliminary sensitivity analysis on hyperparameters was performed to assess their influence on the agent performance. The DRL agent with the best performance was compared to a rule-based controller assumed as a baseline during a three-month heating season. The DRL controller outperformed the baseline after two weeks of deployment, with an overall performance improvement related to control of indoor temperature conditions. Moreover, the adaptability of the DRL agent was tested for various control scenarios, simulating changes of external weather conditions, indoor temperature setpoint, building envelope features and occupancy patterns. The agent dynamically deployed, despite a slight increase in energy consumption, led to an improvement of indoor temperature control, reducing the cumulative sum of temperature violations on average for all scenarios by 75% and 48% compared to the baseline and statically deployed agent respectively.

Experimental study on energy consumption and thermal environment of radiant ceiling heating system for different types of rooms

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122555
Author(s):  
Wei Liao ◽  
Yimo Luo ◽  
Jinqing Peng ◽  
Dengjia Wang ◽  
Chenzhang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Overview of Energy Savings and Efficiency Strategies at the University of Jordan Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
Solar Water Heating System ◽  
The University ◽  
Current Energy

The main objective of this study is to conduct an Energy Auditing of The University of Jordan Hospital. This hospital is quite known, as one of Jordan’s leading hospitals in human resources and equipment; however, the energy consumption of the hospital over the past few years has proven to be highly expensive. This makes the saving on costs of energy consumption a high priority that cannot be ignored. Energy audit covers the three main sections of the hospital: the Emergency Building, the Clinics Building and the Main Hospital Building. The consumption of energy, which costs the hospital a total of 2,778,426 JD/yr., can be categorized into three main parts, the lighting system, the diesel fuel consumption, and the consumption of water. After analyzing the energy invoices, and visiting the site for inspection, a list of recommended solutions that are applicable to cut down the total energy bill were derived. The implementation of renewable energy was suggested and studied of which a solar water heating system was proposed. A study on photovoltaic cells technology was performed for a sample of guest's rooms, the number of panels needed was found. After that, a feasibility study was conducted. The initial costs, annual savings and payback periods of the suggested system were estimated by the current market prices. It is found that the energy auditing and the solutions would be very beneficial as it will save a total annual value of 346,853 JDs (12.5% of the current energy bill).

Estimating the Heating System Load and Energy Consumption

1981 ◽  
pp. 222-264
Author(s):  
Ronald K. McLaughlin ◽  
R. Craig McLean ◽  
W. John Bonthron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
System Load

scholarly journals Fuzzy Coordination Control Strategy and Thermohydraulic Dynamics Modeling of a Natural Gas Heating System for in Situ Soil Thermal Remediation

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhai ◽  
Yang ◽  
Li ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Gas Heating ◽  
Thermal Remediation ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Soil contamination remains a global problem. Among the different kinds of remediation technologies, in situ soil thermal remediation has attracted great attention in the environmental field, representing a potential remedial alternative for contaminated soils. Soils need to be heated to a high temperature in thermal remediation, which requires a large amount of energy. For the natural gas heating system in thermal remediation, a fuzzy coordination control strategy and thermohydraulic dynamics model have been proposed in this paper. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the strategy, the other three traditional control strategies are introduced. Analysis of the temperature rise and energy consumption of soils under different control strategies were conducted. The results showed that the energy consumption of fuzzy coordination control strategy is reduced by 33.9% compared to that of the traditional control strategy I, constant natural gas flow and excess air ratio. Further, compared to the traditional control strategy II, constant excess air ratio and desired outlet temperature of wells, the strategy proposed can reduce energy consumption by 48.7%. The results illustrate the superiority of the fuzzy coordination control strategy, and the strategy can greatly reduce energy consumption, thereby reducing the cost of in situ soil thermal remediation.

Simulation of Residential Energy Consumption Based on Software of DeST

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1269-1272
Author(s):  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Li Bai ◽  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
System Design ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Residential Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption ◽  
Uneven Heating ◽  
The City

In this paper, the software of DeST was used to simulate the heating energy consumption by the year of a typical energy-saving residential building in the city of Changchun. Comparing the energy consumption of the top and bottom,the middle room and the edges rooms ,we get the reasons for the uneven heating and put forward the corresponding solutions, which provide the reference for heating system design.

scholarly journals An Investigation of a Root Zone Heating System and Its Effects on the Morphology of Winter-Grown Green Peppers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ameen ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Xiaochan Wang ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

The winter season in Nanjing is from December to February, with extremely low temperature and high humidity due to seasonal snowfall. During these extreme cold climatic conditions, plants have to survive severe heat stress conditions, even if they are being kept in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to investigate a heating system that can provide heat directly to the root zone instead of heating the entire greenhouse, which is a viable option to reduce energy consumption. Root zone heating could be an effective alternative for the sustainable development of plants during the winter. A novel type of root zone heating system was applied to evaluate the energy consumption during different greenhouse ambient temperature conditions, the effects of root zone heating systems on pepper plant morphology, and heat transfer rates to plant canopy in the greenhouse. The temperature treatments in root zone heating system were T-15, T-20, T-25, T-30, and a control treatment (TC) at 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively, while TC received no heat. A simulation study was carried out to validate the root zone temperature. The results of the current investigation revealed that energy consumption has an inverse relationship to the ambient temperature of the greenhouse, while temperature gradients to the plant canopy observed from the lower to the upper part of the plant and the upper canopy experienced less temperature fluctuation as compared to the lower part of the plant. The results also showed that treatment T-20 had the maximum in terms of the leaf dry weight, stem diameter, and the number of leaves, while T-25 showed the maximum root dry weight and stem dry weight; T-30 and T-15 had minimum dry weights of plant segments among all treatments. Control treatment (TC) showed a minimum dry mass of plant. The root zone heating with optimal root zone temperature was found to be a viable and adaptable option as this leads to improved energy consumption patterns for the sustainable growth and development of plants in greenhouses during extremely low temperatures.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis on an instantaneous water heating system of shower wastewater source heat pump

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Wu ◽  
Yake Jiang ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Abstract Water reuse and desalination systems are energy intensive processes, and their increasing use is leading energy consumption within water systems to be an increasingly important issue. Shower wastewater contains large amounts of heat, so there is an opportunity to recover energy from shower water to offset energy consumption elsewhere in water systems. This paper found ways to increase the output of hot water and lower the energy consumption by establishing a thermodynamic model of an instantaneous wastewater source heat pump. The system proved to be very effective, the heating COP (coefficient of performance) can reach 3.3 even in the winter. Under the conditions of limited heat transfer area, reducing the suction pressure of a compressor is a more feasible way to increase the hot water output to meet the needs of users rather than increasing the discharge pressure. Besides, increasing the heat transfer area of the evaporator is a more effective option. When the heat transfer area of evaporator varies from 0.5 to 1.0 square meters, a notable change is that the heating COP increases from 3.283 to 3.936. The heating COP in a system with a recuperator can reach 5.672, almost double that compared to the original systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document