Detection of Negative Emotions and High-Arousal Negative-Valence States on the Move

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Markova ◽  
Todor Ganchev ◽  
Kalin Kalinkov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Valence States

scholarly journals Arousal modulates the motor interference effect stimulated by pictures of threatening animals

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10876
Author(s):  
Gai Cao ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Motor Priming ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence

Previous research related to the motor interference effect from dangerous objects indicated that delayed responses to dangerous objects were associated with more positive parietal P3 amplitudes, suggesting that great attentional resources were allocated to evaluate the level of danger (i.e., negative valence). However, arousal covaried with valence in this research. Together with previous studies in which the P3 amplitude was found to be increased along with a higher arousal level in the parietal lobe, we raised the issue that more positive parietal P3 amplitudes might also be affected by a high arousal level. To clarify whether valence or arousal impacted the motor interference effect, this study used a motor priming paradigm mixed with a Go/NoGo task and manipulated the valence (negative, neutral and positive) and arousal (medium and high) of target stimuli. Analysis of the behavioral results identified a significant motor interference effect (longer reaction times (RTs) in the negative valence condition than in the neutral valence condition) at the medium arousal level and an increased effect size (increment of RT difference) at the high arousal level. The results indicated that negative valence stimuli may interfere with the prime elicited motor preparation more strongly at the high arousal level than at the medium arousal level. The ERP results identified larger centroparietal P3 amplitudes for the negative valence condition than for the neutral valence condition at a high arousal level. However, the inverse result, i.e., lower centroparietal P3 amplitudes for the negative valence condition than for the neutral valence condition, was observed at a medium arousal level. The ERP results further indicated that the effect size of the behavioral motor interference effect increased because subjects are more sensitive to the negative valence stimuli at the high arousal level than at the medium arousal level. Furthermore, the motor interference effect is related to the negative valence rather than emotionality of the target stimuli because different result patterns emerged between the positive and negative valence conditions. Detailed processes underlying the interaction between valence and arousal effects are discussed.

Interest in Curriculum Subject and Self-Assessment of the Emotions: Enjoyment, Anxiety and Boredom By Students in the Lower Secondary Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Nina Gerdzhikova
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Secondary Education

Having an interest in the matter of the educational subject is a prerequisite for experiencing positive or negative emotions. Thanks to their interest, students develop their emotional experience. On the other hand, experiencing pleasure or boredom, anxiety, they learn to distinguish the differences between the emotions in the real learning situations. Therefore, this article examines the impact of interest in a particular group of subjects on the experience of emotions with positive or negative valence. Three scales of the questionnaire created by Pekuron and collaborators were used. The results do not support the initially raised zero hypothesis.

scholarly journals The (limited) effect of emotional arousal in the regulation of accuracy in eyewitness memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlos Luna ◽  
Beatriz Martín-Luengo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Eyewitness Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Witness Accuracy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Increase In Accuracy

AbstractWitnesses encoding a crime are likely to feel negative emotions with high arousal, e.g., anxiety or fear. Negative emotions improve memory for central information and impair memory for peripheral information. In this study we explored the effects of emotional arousal and type of information in the regulation of accuracy. The regulation of accuracy allows participants to maximize accuracy, for example, by deciding on the number of alternatives in their response (the plurality option). Participants were induced with high-and low-arousal negative emotions and then shown a slideshow of a crime. Afterwards, they answered questions about central and peripheral contents of the event. Questions followed the basic plurality option procedure. First, participants selected one alternative (single answer); second, they selected three alternatives (plural answer); and, finally, they decided on reporting either the single or the plural answer. Results showed successful manipulation of arousal, and that the regulation of accuracy led to a greater increase in accuracy for peripheral than for central information, but no differences depending on the level of arousal. We also identified two factors that increased accuracy in the plurality option: the ability to discard answers with low chances of being correct and the addition of answers with higher chances of being correct. Either one, or both, can increase witness accuracy.

scholarly journals Music Hath Charms : Effects of Valence, Arousal, and Absorption on the Regulation of Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Sandstrom
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of valence and arousal dimensions of music on physiological and subjective recovery from stress, and how these effects might be moderated by trait absorption. In Experiment 1, 40 participants experienced stress after being told to prepare a speech, and then listened to peaceful music or white noise. In Experiment 2, 88 participants experienced stress using the same methodology, and then listened to happy, peaceful, sad or agitated music. Music with a positive valence promoted recovery better than music with a negative valence, and low arousal music was more effective than high arousal music. In both experiments, differences in recovery were largely driven by individuals who were high in absorption.

scholarly journals Metacognition and Crossmodal Correspondences Between Auditory Attributes and Saltiness in a Large Sample Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Qian Janice Wang ◽  
Steve Keller ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Crossmodal Correspondences ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Minor Mode ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Average Confidence ◽  
Regular Rhythm

Abstract Mounting evidence demonstrates that people make surprisingly consistent associations between auditory attributes and a number of the commonly-agreed basic tastes. However, the sonic representation of (association with) saltiness has remained rather elusive. In the present study, a crowd-sourced online study ( participants) was conducted to determine the acoustical/musical attributes that best match saltiness, as well as participants’ confidence levels in their choices. Based on previous literature on crossmodal correspondences involving saltiness, thirteen attributes were selected to cover a variety of temporal, tactile, and emotional associations. The results revealed that saltiness was associated most strongly with a long decay time, high auditory roughness, and a regular rhythm. In terms of emotional associations, saltiness was matched with negative valence, high arousal, and minor mode. Moreover, significantly higher average confidence ratings were observed for those saltiness-matching choices for which there was majority agreement, suggesting that individuals were more confident about their own judgments when it matched with the group response, therefore providing support for the so-called ‘consensuality principle’. Taken together, these results help to uncover the complex interplay of mechanisms behind seemingly surprising crossmodal correspondences between sound attributes and taste.

scholarly journals Effects of Emotional Valence and Arousal on Time Perception

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Van Volkinburg ◽  
Peter Balsam
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Temporal Information Processing ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence

We examined the influence of emotional arousal and valence on estimating time intervals. A reproduction task was used in which images from the International Affective Picture System served as the stimuli to be timed. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of positive and negative valence at a moderate arousal level and Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with the addition of a high arousal condition. Overestimation increased as a function of arousal during encoding of times regardless of valence. For images presented during reproduction, overestimation occurred at the moderate arousal level for positive and negative valence but underestimation occurred in the negative valence high arousal condition. The overestimation of time intervals produced by emotional arousal during encoding and during reproduction suggests that emotional stimuli affect temporal information processing in a qualitatively different way during different phases of temporal information processing.

Fatigue and burnout in police officers: the mediating role of emotions

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Aleksandra Basinska ◽  
Izabela Wiciak ◽  
Anna Maria Dåderman
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of the intensity of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of job-related emotions in the relationship between fatigue and burnout in police officers. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 169 police officers (26 women) completed a test battery that assessed acute fatigue, burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: exhaustion and disengagement), and emotions (Job-related Affective Well-being Scale). Findings – Acute fatigue was associated more strongly with exhaustion than with disengagement. Low-arousal negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between fatigue and exhaustion. High-arousal positive and negative emotions were partial mediators between fatigue and disengagement experienced by police officers. Research limitations/implications – The results show that high-arousal emotions were associated with changes in work motivation, while low-arousal negative emotions reduced energetic ability to work. Originality/value – This paper enhances understanding of burnout among police officers and the mediating role of emotions. The patterns of the relationships between fatigue, burnout and emotions are discussed in the context of the conservation of resources theory and the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Negative Emotion Responses to Heavy-Metal and Hip-Hop Music with Positive Lyrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Marco Susino ◽  
Emery Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
Hip Hop Music ◽  
Hop Test

This research investigated whether negative emotional responses to heavy-metal and hip-hop music could be stereotypes of the music genres. It was hypothesized that heavy-metal and hip-hop music with positive lyrics would be perceived as expressing more negative (negative valence/high arousal) emotions, compared with pop music excerpts with identical lyrics. Participants listened to either two heavy-metal or two hip-hop test stimuli and two pop control stimuli. They then responded by stating what emotion they perceived that the music expressed. Results indicated that heavy-metal and hip-hop stimuli were perceived as expressing more negative emotions than pop stimuli. Lyrics were recognized above chance in both heavy metal and hip hop, suggesting that the negative emotion bias was not a result of misunderstanding the lyrics. The Stereotype Theory of Emotion in Music (STEM) explains the findings in terms of an emotion filter which is activated to simplify emotion perception processing. The conclusions provide a novel way of understanding the cultural and social contribution of emotion in music.

Valence Lasts Longer than Arousal

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gomez ◽  
P.G. Zimmermann ◽  
S. Guttormsen Schär ◽  
B. Danuser
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Conductance Level

How long induced moods last is a critical question for mood research, but has been only poorly addressed to date. In particular, physiological parameters have rarely been included to assess the effectiveness of mood induction procedures. We investigated the persistence of four different moods (positive high-arousal, positive low-arousal, negative high-arousal, and negative low-arousal) induced by film clips during a computer task. We measured subjective affective state, respiration, skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate, and corrugator activity. People who watched the two negative clips reported more negative valence after the task and showed more facial frowning and lower SCL during the task than people who watched the two positive clips. No arousal effects persisted throughout the task. The results suggest that induced changes in the valence dimension of moods are maintained throughout an intervening task and are physiologically best reflected by corrugator activity and SCL, whereas induced changes in the arousal dimension dissipate quickly. The implications of these findings for mood research are discussed.

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