Application of Kendall’s W Coefficient to Identify Groups of Statistically Related Variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Zhuravlyova ◽  
Vitalii Vedishchev
Keyword(s):  
Kendall’S W

Measuring Agreement Among Ranks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Campbell Garwood ◽  
Alicia Graziosi Strandberg
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Comparison Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Measuring Agreement ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Kendall’S W

Is it possible to compare rankings from different sources when the individual rankings of the top x elements differ? To investigate this question, 2015 sustainable rankings from 4 sources that have ranked the top globally most sustainable corporations are considered (Corporate Knights, Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies, Newsweek's Green Rankings, and Harris). These rankings are analyzed using common rank comparison methods (Spearman's ?, Kendall's t). Then, they are analyzed to see if the sources ranking the data are doing so at random or if there is a specific pattern of agreement (Kendall's W and a method by Alvo, Cabilio & Feigin (1982)). The insights from these methods as well as possible limitations are considered. A truly sustainable corporation would transcend all definitions and be good for the environment and the people relying on the company. This paper will attempt to identify data points that tend to cluster close together in one or more groups, thereby justifying the feasibility of identifying sets of companies that are truly the “most” sustainable.

Estimating Concordance in a Set of Rank Orders

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1279-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem K. B. Hofstee
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Alpha ◽  
Average Order ◽  
Rank Orders ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Kendall’S W

Kendall's W coefficient and Willerman's adaptation of W for sociometric rankings are difficult to interpret since these indices are different both from the average intercorrelation in a set of rank orders and from the reliability of the average order. A substitute coefficient called a is presented, being a special case of coefficient alpha, which relates to the average rho according to the Spearman-Brown formula, a w is easier to interpret than W, while W has no special advantages over a w. By analogy, a coefficient called aw is developed for the case of sociometric rankings.

scholarly journals Keikutsertaan pada Organisasi Keagamaan dan Empati dengan Perilaku Prososial pada Remaja yang Aktif Dalama Organisasi Keagamaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Eko April Ariyanto ◽  
Fitriyana Dwi Ayu Ningrum ◽  
Sahat Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kendall’S W

<p>Perilaku prososial adalah perilaku manusia yang menguntungkan bagi orang lain dan dapat disebut juga menjadi perilaku tolong menolong, peduli antar manusia tanpa mengharapkan imbalan. Penelitian ini bertujaun untuk mengetahui: 1) hubungan antara keikutsertaan pada organisasi  dengan perilaku prososial, 2) hubungan antara empati dengan perilaku prososial, 3) hubungan antara hubungan antara keikutsertaan pada organisasi keagamaan dan empati dengan Perilaku Prososial. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari <em>keikutsertaan pada organisasi keagamaan </em>(X1), <em>empati </em>(X2), dan <em>perilaku prososial </em>(Y). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 109 remaja yang aktif dalam organisasi keagamaan. Data penelitian ini adalah diperoleh dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada subyek yang memenuhi karakteristik partisipan. Teknik analisis menggunakan <em>Uji Kendall’s w test </em>dengan bantuan <em>Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versi 20.0 for windows</em>. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) terdapat hubungan positif antara keikutsertaan pada organisasi keagamaan dengan perilaku prososial, dimana 41% dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,000&gt;0,05. 2) terdapat hubungan positif antara empati dengan perilaku prososial, dimana 22,5% dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,000&lt;0,05. 3) terdapat hubungan positif antara hubungan positif antara keikutsertaan pada organisasi keagamaan dan empati dengan Perilaku Prososial, dimana 14,5% dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,000&lt;0,05.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Keikutsertaan Pada Organisasi Keagamaan, Empati, Perilaku Prososial</p>

scholarly journals The revision partial knee classification system: understanding the causative pathology and magnitude of further surgery following partial knee arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-645
Author(s):  
Amy J. Garner ◽  
Thomas C. Edwards ◽  
Alexander D. Liddle ◽  
Gareth G. Jones ◽  
Justin P. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Partial Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Consensus Group ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Kendall’S W

Aims Joint registries classify all further arthroplasty procedures to a knee with an existing partial arthroplasty as revision surgery, regardless of the actual procedure performed. Relatively minor procedures, including bearing exchanges, are classified in the same way as major operations requiring augments and stems. A new classification system is proposed to acknowledge and describe the detail of these procedures, which has implications for risk, recovery, and health economics. Methods Classification categories were proposed by a surgical consensus group, then ranked by patients, according to perceived invasiveness and implications for recovery. In round one, 26 revision cases were classified by the consensus group. Results were tested for inter-rater reliability. In round two, four additional cases were added for clarity. Round three repeated the survey one month later, subject to inter- and intrarater reliability testing. In round four, five additional expert partial knee arthroplasty surgeons were asked to classify the 30 cases according to the proposed revision partial knee classification (RPKC) system. Results Four classes were proposed: PR1, where no bone-implant interfaces are affected; PR2, where surgery does not include conversion to total knee arthroplasty, for example, a second partial arthroplasty to a native compartment; PR3, when a standard primary total knee prosthesis is used; and PR4 when revision components are necessary. Round one resulted in 92% inter-rater agreement (Kendall’s W 0.97; p < 0.005), rising to 93% in round two (Kendall’s W 0.98; p < 0.001). Round three demonstrated 97% agreement (Kendall’s W 0.98; p < 0.001), with high intra-rater reliability (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 0.99). Round four resulted in 80% agreement (Kendall’s W 0.92; p < 0.001). Conclusion The RPKC system accounts for all procedures which may be appropriate following partial knee arthroplasty. It has been shown to be reliable, repeatable and pragmatic. The implications for patient care and health economics are discussed. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):638–645.

scholarly journals Validação por expertos de uma proposta metodológica para promoção de atitudes positivas perante a deficiência em ambientes inclusivos

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Luis Rodríguez de Vera ◽  
Ana Belén López Martínez ◽  
Angelo Muria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kendall’S W

A Actividade Física Adaptada à Pessoa com Deficiência (PcD) é reconhecida como um óptimo meio para a inclusão social desse grupo. No entanto, o grau de inclusão da PcD dependerá em grande parte das atitudes manifestadas pelos diferentes grupos populacionais, assumindo que uma atitude positiva influencia o comportamento da pessoa em relação a um grupo social específico. Em Moçambique, espera-se que técnicos desportivos capacitados em modalidades adaptadas à PcD, além de técnicos, sejam agentes que promovam a inclusão social. OBJECTIVO: o objectivo do presente estudo foi validar uma proposta metodológica que gere atitudes positivas em relação à deficiência, melhorando assim o perfil dos formados em cursos de agentes desportivos. MÉTODO: a proposta foi submetida a um processo de validação por especialistas, composto por um painel de 21 especialistas de quatro países (Espanha, Portugal, Brasil e Moçambique), seleccionados por meio de um questionário para determinação do coeficiente de competência. Para a análise dos resultados, foi utilizada a estatística inferencial (medidas de tendência central e dispersão) e o coeficiente de concordância "W de Kendall". RESULTADO: os especialistas avaliaram satisfatoriamente oito descritores, dentre eles, o contexto da proposta e sua aplicabilidade; o desenho, objectivos e estratégias da metodologia; os critérios de sucesso, o tempo estimado para sua implementação e os resultados esperados. CONCLUSÃO: foi validada por especialistas uma proposta metodológica com o objectivo de melhorar a atitude do formando em relação à deficiência. The Physical Activity Adapted to the Person with Disabilities (PwD) is recognized as an optimal path for the social inclusion of this group. However, the degree of inclusion of PwD will largely depend on the attitudes manifested by the different population groups, assuming that a positive attitude influences the behavior of the person towards a specific social group. In Mozambique, it is expected that the sports technicians trained in modalities adapted to the PwD, in addition to being technicians, will be agents that stimulate social inclusion. OBJECTIVE: the objective of the present study was to validate a methodological proposal that generates positive attitudes towards disability, thus improving the profile of the trainees leaving in courses for sports technicians. METHOD: the proposal was submitted to a validation process by experts, made up of a panel of 21 specialists from four countries (Spain, Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique), selected through a questionnaire to determine the coefficient of competence. For the analysis of the results, inferential statistics (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and the coefficient of agreement "Kendall's W" were used. RESULT: the experts satisfactorily evaluated eight descriptors, among them, the context of the proposal and its applicability; the design, objectives and strategies of the methodology; the success criteria, the estimated time for its implementation and the expected results. CONCLUSION: a methodological proposal with the aim of improving the attitude of the person being trained towards disability was validated by specialists. A Actividade Física Adaptada à Pessoa com Deficiência (PcD) é reconhecida como um óptimo meio para a inclusão social desse grupo. No entanto, o grau de inclusão da PcD dependerá em grande parte das atitudes manifestadas pelos diferentes grupos populacionais, assumindo que uma atitude positiva influencia o comportamento da pessoa em relação a um grupo social específico. Em Moçambique, espera-se que técnicos desportivos capacitados em modalidades adaptadas à PcD, além de técnicos, sejam agentes que promovam a inclusão social. OBJECTIVO: o objectivo do presente estudo foi validar uma proposta metodológica que gere atitudes positivas em relação à deficiência, melhorando assim o perfil dos formados em cursos de agentes desportivos. MÉTODO: a proposta foi submetida a um processo de validação por especialistas, composto por um painel de 21 especialistas de quatro países (Espanha, Portugal, Brasil e Moçambique), seleccionados por meio de um questionário para determinação do coeficiente de competência. Para a análise dos resultados, foi utilizada a estatística inferencial (medidas de tendência central e dispersão) e o coeficiente de concordância "W de Kendall". RESULTADO: os especialistas avaliaram satisfatoriamente oito descritores, dentre eles, o contexto da proposta e sua aplicabilidade; o desenho, objectivos e estratégias da metodologia; os critérios de sucesso, o tempo estimado para sua implementação e os resultados esperados. CONCLUSÃO: foi validada por especialistas uma proposta metodológica com o objectivo de melhorar a atitude do formando em relação à deficiência.

scholarly journals Clinical indicators to identify neuropathic pain in low back related leg pain: a modified Delphi study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Mistry ◽  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Tim Noblet ◽  
Nicola R. Heneghan ◽  
Alison Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance ◽  
Kendall’S W

Abstract Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is common in patients presenting with low back related leg pain. Accurate diagnosis of NP is fundamental to ensure appropriate intervention. In the absence of a clear gold standard, expert opinion provides a useful methodology to progress research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to achieve expert consensus on a list of clinical indicators to identify NP in low back related leg pain. Methods A modified Delphi method consisting of three rounds was designed in accordance with the Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies recommendations. Recruitment involved contacting experts directly and through expressions of interest on social media. Experts were identified using pre-defined eligibility criteria. Priori consensus criteria were defined for each round through descriptive statistics. Following completion of round 3 a list of clinical indicators that achieved consensus were generated. Results Thirty-eight participants were recruited across 11 countries. Thirty-five participants completed round 1 (92.1%), 32 (84.2%) round 2 and 30 (78.9%) round 3. Round 1 identified consensus (Kendall’s W coefficient of concordance 0.456; p < 0.001) for 10 clinical indicators out of the original 14, and 9 additional indicators were added to round 2 following content analysis of qualitative data. Round 2 identified consensus (Kendall’s W coefficient of concordance 0.749; p < 0.001) for 10 clinical indicators out of 19, and 1 additional indicator was added to round 3. Round 3 identified consensus for 8 indicators (Kendall’s W coefficient of concordance 0.648; p < 0.001). Following completion of the third round, an expert derived consensus list of 8 items was generated. Two indicators; pain variously described a burning, electric shock like and/or shooting into leg and pain in association with other neurological symptoms (e.g. pins and needles, numbness, weakness), were found to have complete agreement amongst expert participants. Conclusions Good agreement was found for the consensus derived list of 8 clinical indicators to identify NP in low back related leg pain. This list of indicators provide some indication of the criteria upon which clinicians can identify a NP component to low back related leg pain; further research is needed for stronger recommendations to be made.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers scale in the elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Fonseca Victor ◽  
Lorena Barbosa Ximenes ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Kendall’S W

OBJECTIVE: Assess the reliability and validity of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) in the elderly. METHODS: The reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and by the test-retest Kendall's W. To verify the construct validity it was used a correlation between the EBBS results and the personal and clinic variables. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alfa of the EBBS was 0.94. The test-retest value was 0.60. The variables that presented association with the EBBS were: level of education (p = 0.02), practice of physical activity (p = 0.0001), with whom one resides (p= 0.032) and lifestyle (p= 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The statistical analysis revealed that the translated version of the EBBS is valid and reliable however, its use is recommended in different scenarios due to regional differences in Brazil, in order to have the validity of the instrument widely exploited.

scholarly journals Changes in Cognition, Depression and Quality of Life after Carotid Stenosis Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Pucite ◽  
Ildze Krievina ◽  
Evija Miglane ◽  
Renars Erts ◽  
Dainis Krievins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Best Medical Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kendall’S W

Background:Although several studies have evaluated the change of cognitive performance after severe carotid artery stenosis, the results still remain elusive. The objective of this study was to assess changes in cognitive function, depressive symptoms and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after carotid stenosis revascularisation and Best Medical Treatment (BMT).Methods:Study involved 213 patients with ≥70% carotid stenosis who underwent assessment of cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), depressive symptoms - using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and HRQoL - using Medical Outcome Survey Short Form version 2 (SF-36v2). The assessment was performed before and at 6 and 12 months followup periods in patients who had Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA), Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) or received BMT only.Results:Improvement in the total MoCA scores was observed after 6 and 12 months (p<0.001, Kendall's W=0.28) in the CEA group. In the CAS group - after 12 months (p=0.01, Kendall's W=0.261) whereas in the BMT group - no significant changes (p=0.295, Kendall's W=0.081) were observed. Reduction of depressive symptoms was not found in any of the study groups. Comparing mean SF-36v2 scores in the CEA group, there was no significant difference in any of 10 subscales. Likewise in the CAS group - no significant difference in 9 of 10 subscales (p=0.028, η2=0.343) was observed. Three subscales worsened in the BMT group during the 1-year follow-up period.Conclusion:Patients with severe carotid stenosis who underwent revascularisation enhanced their cognitive performance without exerting significant change of depressive symptoms. Preoperative HRQoL may be maintained for at least one year in the CEA group.

Observer reliability of arteriovenous malformations grading scales using current imaging modalities

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph J. Griessenauer ◽  
Joseph H. Miller ◽  
Bonita S. Agee ◽  
Winfield S. Fisher ◽  
Joel K. Curé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Grading Scales ◽  
Kendall’S W

Object The aim of this study was to examine observer reliability of frequently used arteriovenous malformation (AVM) grading scales, including the 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale, the 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce scale, and the Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based scale, using current imaging modalities in a setting closely resembling routine clinical practice. Methods Five experienced raters, including 1 vascular neurosurgeon, 2 neuroradiologists, and 2 senior neurosurgical residents independently reviewed 15 MRI studies, 15 CT angiograms, and 15 digital subtraction angiograms obtained at the time of initial diagnosis. Assessments of 5 scans of each imaging modality were repeated for measurement of intrarater reliability. Three months after the initial assessment, raters reassessed those scans where there was disagreement. In this second assessment, raters were asked to justify their rating with comments and illustrations. Generalized kappa (κ) analysis for multiple raters, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W), and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied to determine interrater reliability. For intrarater reliability analysis, Cohen's kappa (κ), Kendall's correlation coefficient (tau-b), and ICC were used to assess repeat measurement agreement for each rater. Results Interrater reliability for the overall 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale was fair to good (ICC = 0.69) to extremely strong (Kendall's W = 0.73) on initial assessment and improved on reassessment. Assessment of CT angiograms resulted in the highest agreement, followed by MRI and digital subtraction angiography. Agreement for the overall 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce grade was fair to good (ICC = 0.68) to strong (Kendall's W = 0.70) on initial assessment, improved on reassessment, and was comparable to agreement for the 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale. Agreement for the overall Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based grade was excellent (ICC = 0.89) to extremely strong (Kendall's W = 0.81). Intrarater reliability for the overall 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grade was excellent (ICC > 0.75) in 3 of the 5 raters and fair to good (ICC > 0.40) in the other 2 raters. Conclusion The 5-tier Spetzler-Martin scale, the 3-tier Spetzler-Ponce scale, and the Pollock-Flickinger radiosurgery-based scale all showed a high level of agreement. The improved reliability on reassessment was explained by a training effect from the initial assessment and the requirement to defend the rating, which outlines a potential downside for grades determined as part of routine clinical practice to be used for scientific purposes.

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