Real time strain imaging and in-vivo applications in prostate cancer

An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs are closely related to the carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about the effect of the biological functions of circRNAs on the enzalutamide resistance of PCa. Through bioinformatic analysis and experiments, we investigated the expression pattern of circRNAs in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of circRAB3IP, and plasmids that knock down or overexpress circRAB3IP were used to evaluate its effect on the enzalutamide sensitivity of PCa cells. Mechanistically, we explored the potential regulatory effects of eIF4A3 and LEF1 on the biogenesis of circRAB3IP. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicated that increased expression of circRAB3IP was found in enzalutamide-resistant PCa, and knockdown of circRAB3IP significantly enhanced enzalutamide sensitivity in PCa cells. However, upregulation of circRAB3IP resulted in the opposite effects. Further mechanistic research demonstrated that circRAB3IP could regulate the expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) by serving as a sponge that directly targets miR-133a-3p/miR-133b. Then, we showed that circRAB3IP partially exerted its biological functions via SGK1 signaling. Furthermore, we discovered that eIF4A3 and LEF1 might increase circRAB3IP expression in PCa.

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Synthesis of Fluorescent Polythiophene Dots

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/8987348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zhen Liu ◽

Alaa Nahhas ◽

Li Liu ◽

Earl Ada ◽

Xinyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Hydrazine Hydrate ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Real Time ◽

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

One Step ◽

Live Mouse

Ring-functionalized semiconducting polythiophene dots (Pdots) were synthesized rapidly and in one step by the hydrazine hydrate reduction of doped parent polythiophene, obtained by conventional chemical oxidation of thiophene monomer by FeCl3 in anhydrous acetonitrile. Dispersions of these Pdots display robust (pseudo) solvatochromism and solvatofluorism. Polythiophene Pdots exhibit significant cytotoxicity towards prostate cancer cells (expected) although when injected subcutaneously in vivo in live mouse, no toxicity is observed for 24 days when monitored in real time using fluorescence imaging.

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In vivo real-time imaging of TGF-?-induced transcriptional activation of the RANK ligand gene promoter in intraosseous prostate cancer

The Prostate ◽

10.1002/pros.20019 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 360-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Jian Zhang ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Jinlu Dai ◽

Zhi Yao ◽

Riko Kitazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Real Time ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Rank Ligand ◽

Real Time Imaging

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MP46-04 REAL TIME IN VIVO MOLECULAR IMAGING OF NF-κB IN PROSTATE CANCER: ROLE AS PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER AND THERAPEUTIC TARGET

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1567 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 193 (4S) ◽

Author(s):

Eugene Vykhovanets ◽

Sanjeev Shukla ◽

Eswar Shankar ◽

Olena Vykhovanets ◽

Gregory MacLennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

Real Time ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Prognostic Biomarker

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Real-Time In Vivo Confocal Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer Bone-Marrow Micrometastasis Development at the Cellular Level in Nude Mice

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry ◽

10.1002/jcb.25545 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 117 (11) ◽

pp. 2533-2537 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shinji Miwa ◽

Makoto Toneri ◽

Kentaro Igarashi ◽

Shuya Yano ◽

Hiroaki Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Real Time ◽

Fluorescence Imaging ◽

Nude Mice ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Confocal Fluorescence ◽

Bone Marrow Micrometastasis ◽

Confocal Fluorescence Imaging

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Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Needle-Based, In Vivo Feasibility Study Protocol (IDEAL Phase 2A) (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.9813 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Abel Swaan ◽

Christophe K Mannaerts ◽

Matthijs J V Scheltema ◽

Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen ◽

C Dilara Savci-Heijink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Real Time ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

BACKGROUND Focal therapy for prostate cancer has been proposed as an alternative treatment to whole-gland therapies in selected men to diminish side effects in localized prostate cancer. As nowadays imaging cannot offer complete prostate cancer disease characterization, multicore systematic biopsies are recommended (transrectal or transperineal). Optical imaging techniques such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography allow in vivo, high-resolution imaging. Moreover, they can provide real-time visualization and analysis of tissue and have the potential to offer additive diagnostic information. OBJECTIVE This study has 2 separate primary objectives. The first is to assess the technical feasibility and safety of in vivo focal imaging with confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. The second is to identify and define characteristics of prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue in confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging by comparing these images with the corresponding histopathology. METHODS In this prospective, in vivo feasibility study, needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging will be performed before transperineal template mapping biopsy or radical prostatectomy. First, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will be performed in 4 patients (2 for each imaging modality) undergoing transperineal template mapping biopsy to assess the feasibility and safety of confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. If proven to be safe and feasible, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will be performed in 10 patients (5 for each imaging modality) undergoing radical prostatectomy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography images will be analyzed by independent, blinded observers. Confocal laser endomicroscopy– and optical coherence tomography–based qualitative and quantitative characteristics and histopathology will be compared. The study complies with the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) stage 2a recommendations. RESULTS At present, the study is enrolling patients and results and outcomes are expected in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography are promising optical imaging techniques that can visualize and analyze tissue structure, possible tumor grade, and architecture in real time. They can potentially provide real-time, high-resolution microscopic imaging and tissue characteristics of prostate cancer in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging or transrectal ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy procedures. This study will provide insight into the feasibility and tissue-specific characteristics of confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography for real-time optical analysis of prostate cancer. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03253458; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03253458 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6z9owM66B) REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER RR1-10.2196/9813

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A Modified Block Matching Method for Real-Time Freehand Strain Imaging

Ultrasonic Imaging ◽

10.1177/016173460202400303 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 161-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Yanning Zhu ◽

Timothy J. Hall

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Error Detection ◽

Imaging System ◽

Correction Method ◽

Strain Imaging ◽

Block Matching ◽

Estimation Errors ◽

Error Detection And Correction ◽

Specific Implementation

This manuscript reports a technical innovation that has been developed for real-time, freehand strain imaging. This work is based on a well-known block-matching algorithm with two significant modifications. First, since displacements are estimated row-by-row, displacement estimates from the previous row are used to predict the displacement estimates in the current row, thereby drastically reducing the search-region size and increasing computational efficiency. Second, a displacement error detection and correction method is developed to overcome the local tracking errors that may be more severe with freehand scanning and thereby improve the robustness of the algorithm. This algorithm has been implemented on a clinical ultrasound imaging system, and with real-time imaging feedback, long sequences of high quality strain images are observed using freehand compression. Displacement estimation errors with this method are experimentally measured and compared with results from simulation. We report only a specific implementation, with no comparison to other displacement estimators in the literature and no optimization of this specific technique. Images of tissue-mimicking phantoms with small spherical targets are used to test the ability to detect small lesions using the strain imaging technique. In vivo strain images of breast and thyroid are also shown.

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Refinement of an Established Procedure and Its Application for Identification of Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Xenografts

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13112602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2602

Author(s):

Pernille B. Elming ◽

Thomas R. Wittenborn ◽

Morten Busk ◽

Brita S. Sørensen ◽

Mathilde Borg Houlberg Thomsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Rna Degradation ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Tumor Material ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

Background: This pre-clinical study was designed to refine a dissection method for validating the use of a 15-gene hypoxia classifier, which was previously established for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, to identify hypoxia in prostate cancer. Methods: PC3 and DU-145 adenocarcinoma cells, in vitro, were gassed with various oxygen concentrations (0–21%) for 24 h, followed by real-time PCR. Xenografts were established in vivo, and the mice were injected with the hypoxic markers [18F]-FAZA and pimonidazole. Subsequently, tumors were excised, frozen, cryo-sectioned, and analyzed using autoradiography ([18F]-FAZA) and immunohistochemistry (pimonidazole); the autoradiograms used as templates for laser capture microdissection of hypoxic and non-hypoxic areas, which were lysed, and real-time PCR was performed. Results: In vitro, all 15 genes were increasingly up-regulated as oxygen concentrations decreased. With the xenografts, all 15 genes were up-regulated in the hypoxic compared to non-hypoxic areas for both cell lines, although this effect was greater in the DU-145. Conclusions: We have developed a combined autoradiographic/laser-guided microdissection method with broad applicability. Using this approach on fresh frozen tumor material, thereby minimizing the degree of RNA degradation, we showed that the 15-gene hypoxia gene classifier developed in HNSCC may be applicable for adenocarcinomas such as prostate cancer.

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