Qualification test results for blue-red reflecting solar cell covers and other new products for the solar power market

Keywords: Market value, Technological diversification, Geographical diversification, Spatial value factor distributionAmbitious climate and energy targets require environmentally compatible energy generation with a high utilisation of renewable energy sources. However, due to the intermittent appearance of wind and PV feed-in, variable renewable energy (VRE) reveals significantly lower market values than conventional dispatchable power (Joskow, 2011). Additionally, with higher VRE shares a significant market value drop of wind and solar power has been observed in recent years as a result of the merit order effect (Hirth, 2013). Moreover, results by Engelhorn and M&#252;sgens (2018) and Becker and Thr&#228;n (2018) have indicated regional disparities in empirical market values for Germany. &#160;This poses interest on what exactly drives and how to quantify the development and spatial distribution of VRE market values.Against this background, an electricity market model is applied to trace the development of spatial market values based on model-endogenous electricity prices. A special feature of the model is the inclusion of highly regionally disaggregated weather data which allows to investigate effects of different geographical and technological VRE diversification strategies in Germany until 2035 (Eising et al., 2020). The results of this research are threefold:<ul><li>Technological diversity: results show a significant decrease in PV and onshore wind value factors as VRE shares increase. Replacing onshore wind energy by offshore wind energy reduces the volatility and counteracts the value drop of onshore wind, offshore wind and PV.</li> <li>Geographical diversity: results indicate that geographical diversification does not necessarily mitigate decreasing VRE value factors. Under specific circumstances, a higher concentration at sites with lower full-load hours and corresponding higher feed-in volatility potentially mitigates positive effects from more spatially distributed generation.</li> <li>Spatial distribution of value factors: for all mitigation strategies and for wind and PV the spatial value factor distribution shows future increases in regional disparities. However, regional value factor disparities are most distinct in case of onshore wind. The analysis reveals two significant drivers: first, a negative relationship between the regional wind capacity density and their regional value factors can be observed. Second, results indicate a negative relationship between site-specific wind feed-in volatility and the value factor.</li> </ul>&#160;Summarising, the analysis highlights the importance of considering spatial market values in efficiently designing future electricity markets. &#160;&#160;ReferencesBecker, R., Thr&#228;n, D., 2018. Optimal Siting of Wind Farms in Wind Energy Dominated Power Systems. Energies 11, 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040978Eising, M., Hobbie, H., M&#246;st, D., 2020. Future wind and solar power market values in Germany &#8212; Evidence of spatial and technological dependencies? Energy Econ. 86, 104638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104638Engelhorn, T., M&#252;sgens, F., 2018. How to estimate wind-turbine infeed with incomplete stock data: A general framework with an application to turbine-specific market values in Germany. Energy Econ. 72, 542&#8211;557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.04.022Hirth, L., 2013. The market value of variable renewables: The effect of solar wind power variability on their relative price. Energy Econ. 38, 218&#8211;236.Joskow, P.L., 2011. Comparing the Costs of Intermittent and Dispatchable Electricity Generating Technologies. Am. Econ. Rev. 101, 238&#8211;241.

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Design and Testing of ITER TF Coil Insulations

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity ◽

10.1109/tasc.2010.2099635 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 3127-3131 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthew W. Hooker ◽

Jennifer K. Walsh ◽

Mark W. Haynes ◽

Naseem A. Munshi

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

International Organization ◽

Vacuum Impregnation ◽

Test Results ◽

Qualification Test ◽

Insulation System ◽

Cyanate Ester Resin ◽

Design And Testing

The design of the ITER Toroidal Field (TF) coils requires an insulation system that is amenable to the very large scale vacuum impregnation processes planned for the construction of these devices, and that will provide reliable electro-mechanical performance after radiation exposure. To address this need, CTD has developed an epoxy/cyanate ester resin system designated CTD-425. This material meets the processing requirements for use in the TF coils, and cyclic mechanical testing of conductor assemblies has demonstrated its electro-mechanical strength after 60,000 mechanical cycles. In addition, this product recently passed radiation exposure tests coordinated by the ITER International Organization and is now qualified for use in constructing the TF coils. This paper summarizes the performance characterization and qualification test results for this insulation.

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Condition Assessment of Solar Modules by Flash Test and Electroluminescence Test

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11111361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1361

Author(s):

István Bodnár ◽

Dávid Matusz-Kalász ◽

Rafael Ruben Boros ◽

Róbert Lipták

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Test Results ◽

Performance Reduction ◽

Solar Power Plants ◽

Operational Errors ◽

Hungarian State ◽

Short Time ◽

Real State

The Hungarian society and the Hungarian state are constantly increasing their solar capacity. More and more solar power plants are being put into operation. The largest of these has a 100 MW peak capacity. Such power plants do not require constant maintenance. However, in the case of low productivity, a conditional assessment is required. The reason for production loss can also be manufacturing, installation, and operational errors. A flying drone was used for finding failures by thermographic scouting. Furthermore, electroluminescent (EL) and flash tests give a comprehensive view of the real state of the modules in a mobile laboratory. We had the opportunity to summarize these test results of more than a thousand modules operating in a solar power plant. The report on the power plant shows that a significant part of the modules became unusable in a short time. After four years, 10% of the 260 Wp modules suffered a performance reduction of more than 10%.

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DEGRADATION OF AQUEOUS RHODAMINE B BY CATALYSIS ZONE EXTENSION OF MODIFIED DYES SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL.

Jurnal TAMBORA ◽

10.36761/jt.v2i1.150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wirya Sarwana

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Tio2 Nanotube ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Tio2 Surface ◽

Test Results ◽

Heating Treatment ◽

Amorphous Tio2 ◽

Rapid Breakdown Anodization

A modified dyes sensitized solar cell (DSSC) having catalysis zone have been successfully developed. The modified DSSC comprise of DSSC zone, employing a rhodamine B as the sensitizer, and catalysis zone, a simple an extension of the TiO2 nanotube film support which was not covered by dyes. The TiO2 nanotube was prepared by rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) method followed by heating treatment of obtained amorphous TiO2 nanotube, and charactetization by UV-Vis DRS, XRD, and SEM. Briefly, the obtained TiO2 has a bundling nanotube morphology, crystalline phase and typical band gap of anatase and rutile mixture (depend on heating temperature). The catalysis zone was tested to treat a water sample containing organic chemical (rhodamine B), as a pollutant model. Test results indicated that the catalysis zone enable to eliminate of rhodamine in the treated water, due to subsequent process starting by generation of super oxide (.O2-) in adjacent TiO2 surface, leading to hydroxyl radical which in turn degrade the rhodamine B. This result indicate that the injected electron from dyes, upon visible light absorption, to conduction band of TiO2 in DSSC zone was successfully migrated to TiO2 surface in catalysis zone.

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND IRRADIANCE ON SOLAR POWER GENERATION

Journal of Engineering Studies and Research ◽

10.29081/jesr.v26i4.243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

FRANK ONAIFO ◽

AKPOFURE ALEXANDER OKANDEJI ◽

OLAMIDE AJETUNMOBI ◽

DAVID BALOGUN

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Irradiance ◽

Solar Power ◽

Corrosion Process ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Photovoltaic Solar Cell ◽

Solar Power Generation

This paper studies the effect of temperature, humidity and irradiance on the power generated by a photovoltaic solar cell. This was achieved using pyranometer for determining the solar radiation, wet and dry thermometer for measuring humidity, and digital multimeter for voltage and current measurement. The result of the study show that power generation increases with increase of solar irradiance. Additionally, changes of humidity level and temperature do not significantly affect solar power generation. Furthermore, it was also observed that high temperatures and higher humidity levels accelerate the corrosion process on the solar cells which reduces the efficiency of the cells.

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VENTURY TYPE MICRO-BUBBLE GENERATOR (MBG) DESIGN USING 50 WP SOLAR POWER PANEL

Barometer ◽

10.35261/barometer.v6i2.5119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 368-375

Author(s):

Aab Arohman ◽

Kardiman Kardiman ◽

Oleh Oleh

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Solar Power ◽

Micro Bubble

Peningkatan kualitas pertumbuhan ikan untuk sekarang ini bisa direncakan oleh peternak ikan dengan cara membuat suatu alat yaitu Micro Bublbe yang berfungsi untuk membuat permukaan air bergelombang sehingga ikan bisa bergerak lebih cepat yang mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ikan lebih baik. Micro bubbles dapat mengisolasi pengaruh lingkungan yang buruk terhadap pemeliharaan ikan dengan sistem yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pembaharuan alat micro bubble generator (MBG) dengan mengaplikasikan panel surya pada perancangan. Alat yang dirancang menggunakan solar cell sebagai alat untuk menghasilkan daya listrik yang disimpan kedalam baterai. Kapasitas bateri yang digunakan sebesar 60 watt dengan menggunakan solar cell 50 wp. Daya pada solar cell didapat dari hasil perhitungan dan pengujian menghasilkan efisiensi sebesar 5,89 %.

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New Curved Reflectors for Significantly Enhanced Solar Power Generation in Four Seasons

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12234602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4602 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Choi ◽

Kim ◽

Ryu ◽

Rim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Optimum Design ◽

Solar Power ◽

Design Rule ◽

Spatial Average ◽

Solar Power Generation ◽

Plane Type ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Best Fit

A new curved-type reflector for solar power generation is proposed. By adopting the curved-type reflector between consecutive solar panel arrays, all incoming sunlight can be utilized and thus, the generated power is significantly increased. Furthermore, the proposed curved-type reflector can be generally used in four seasons regardless of the altitude or angle of the installation environment. The optimum design rule for the curved-reflector, comparing to a plane-type reflector, is completely developed in this paper. A new solar cell configuration best fit for the proposed curved-reflector is also provided. Experimental results showed that the curved-type reflector improves the spatial average solar power by 61% compared to no reflector case, which is even 11% higher than the plane-type reflector. Reflectors, especially curved-type reflectors, are found to be one of promising solutions for highly efficient solar power generation.

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Current and Future Economics of Parabolic Trough Technology

ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference ◽

10.1115/es2007-36171 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henry Price ◽

Mark Mehos ◽

Chuck Kutscher ◽

Nate Blair

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Power Market ◽

Parabolic Trough ◽

Cost Of Electricity ◽

Near Term ◽

The Cost ◽

Utility Scale

Solar energy is the largest energy resource on the planet. Unfortunately, it is largely untapped at present, in part because sunlight is a very diffuse energy source. Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems use low cost reflectors to concentrate the sun’s energy to allow it to be used more effectively. Concentrating solar power systems are also well suited for large solar power plants that can be connected into the existing utility infrastructure. These two facts mean that CSP systems can be used to make a meaningful difference in energy supply in a relatively short period. CSP plants are best suited for the arid climates in the Southwestern United States, Northern Mexico, and many desert regions around the globe. A recent Western Governors’ Association siting study [1] found that the solar potential in the U.S. Southwest is at least 4 times the total U.S. electric demand even after eliminating urban areas, environmentally sensitive areas, and all regions with a ground slope greater than 1%.While it is currently not practical to power the whole county from the desert southwest, only a small portion of this area is needed to make a substantial contribution to future U.S. electric needs. Many of the best sites are near existing high-voltage transmission lines and close to major power load centers in the Southwest (Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Phoenix). In addition, the power provided by CSP technologies has strong coincidence with peak electric demand, especially in the Southwest where peak demand corresponds in large part to air conditioning loads. Parabolic troughs currently represent the most cost-effective CSP technology for developing large utility-scale solar electric power systems. These systems are also one of the most mature solar technologies, with commercial utility-scale plants that have been operating for over 20 years. In addition, substantial improvements have been made to the technology in recent years including improved efficiency and the addition of thermal energy storage. The main issue for parabolic trough technology is that the cost of electricity is still higher than the cost of electricity from conventional natural gas-fired power plants. Although higher natural gas prices are helping to substantially reduce the difference between the cost of electricity from solar and natural gas plants, in the near-term increased incentives such as the 30% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) are needed to make CSP technology approach competitiveness with natural gas power on a financial basis. In the longer term, additional reductions in the cost of the technology will be necessary. This paper looks at the near-term potential for parabolic trough technology to compete with conventional fossil power resources in the firm, intermediate load power market and at the longer term potential to compete in the baseload power market. The paper will consider the potential impact of a reduced carbon emissions future.

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