Thermoinduced Structural-transformation and Luminescent Conversion in Hybrid Manganese Halides

We report here the synthesis of hybrid manganese halide crystals, (C4H7N2)MnCl3·H2O and (C4H7N2)2MnCl4, by using the same organic ligand 2-methylimidazole. Upon heating treatment, the red-emissive (C4H7N2)MnCl3·H2O crystal is structurally transformed into green-emissive (C4H7N2)2MnCl4 crystal in situ. The crystal structural analysis reveals that the [MnCl5·H2O]3- octahedra chains decompose into mono [MnCl4]2- tetrahedra, accompanied by the departure of H2O molecules. Upon cooling in air or water vapor, the crystal structure and luminescence of (C4H7N2)2MnCl4 are transformed to those of (C4H7N2)MnCl3·H2O. The in situ conversion of luminescence between (C4H7N2)MnCl3·H2O and (C4H7N2)2MnCl4 provides new insight into the potential application of hybrid manganese halides.

Kualitas Produk Peralatan Pertanian Hasil Tempa Panas Pengrajin Pande Besi Melalui Penerapan Desain Dapur Perlakuan Panas Model Tutup

The problems encountered by artisan blacksmiths based on the field study results: unable to detect incineration temperature of wood charcoal in the crucibles, crusts occurrence on the metal surface of scrap component of spring leaf SUP 9 after heating process in the exposed model heating treatment. The solutions taken were by transforming the kitchen design, from exposed model heating treatment to closeted model heating treatment, which aimed to avoid oxidation on the incinerated metal, thus crusts do not occur on its surface. The kitchen wall of closeted model heating treatment was made from fireproof bricks, held heat resistance, and carried a stable thermal conductivity out of wood charcoal incineration. A digital thermocouple was installed in the closeted model heating treatment kitchen to accurately measure the temperature of wood charcoal incineration results. The closeted heating model treatment kitchen was designed portable. The solution methods applied field study and descriptive analysis. The study generated a result of sturdiness value with 18.8 HRC average for hoe products was below the standard of sturdiness value according to SNI 02-0331-1989 and generated a result of kitchen wall of closeted model heating treatment made from red bricks with cement as the fastener could not stand the heat. The conclusion for the application of kitchen design of closeted model heating treatment were the sturdity values achieved 58 HRC with SAE 900 C as the cooling lube and the wear rate achieved 0.000165605 gram/m. This meant the wear resistance property was low which met the standard according to SNI 02-0331-1989. Abstrak Permasalahan pengrajin pande besi sesuai hasil studi lapangan: temperatur pembakaran arang kayu di dalam kowi tidak dapat dideteksi, permukaan logam bekas komponen pegas daun SUP 9 timbul kerak setelah proses pemanasan di dalam dapur perlakuan panas model buka. Metode pemecahannya melakukan inovasi pada desain dapur perlakuan panas model buka dirubah menjadi desain dapur perlakuan panas model tutup yang bertujuan: material logam yang dipanasi tidak teroksidasi, sehingga permukaan logam tidak timbul kerak, dinding dapur perlakuan panas model tutup terbuat dari bata tahan api, mempunyai sifat tahan panas serta konduktivitas panas hasil pembakaran arang kayu stabil, dapur perlakuan panas model tutup dipasang termokopel digital agar temperatur hasil pembakaran arang kayu terukur dan akurat, dan dapur perlakuan panas model tutup dirancang dapat dipindah-pindah tempat. Metode pemecahannya menggunakan metode studi lapangan dan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil-hasil temuan yang diperoleh angka kekerasan produk cangkul rata-rata 18,8 HRC masih di bawah angka kekerasan cangkul menurut SNI 02-0331-1989, dinding dapur perlakuan panas model buka terbuat bata merah dengan pengikat semen tidak tahan panas. Simpulan dengan penerapan desain dapur perlakuan panas model tutup, angka kekerasan mencapai 58 HRC dengan media pendinginan oli SAE 90 dan laju keausan 0.000165605 gram/m memenuhi SNI 02-0331-1989, sehingga sifat ketahanan ausnya rendah.

Application of jacket cooling water system recovery for fuel heating on diesel engine to reduce emissions

The existence of a diesel engine is very necessary for life today. In development, the diesel engine is experienced many developments in all systems. In line with the development of the diesel engine can’t be separated from the impact of fuel use. This research was carried out to make a fuel heating system by utilizing jacket cooling water system recovery as a fuel heater and the method used in this research is an experimental method including making installation of a fuel heating system, testing on the diesel engine generator with specifications 4 strokes, 4 cylinders, 1500 rpm, 18 kVA using biodiesel (B20) fuel. The data were collected using a smoke opacity meter. The experiment was carried out by heating treatment of fuel starting from 30°C - 50°C at the interval of 5°C. Data analysis by describing experimental data. The result is showed that heating fuel can reduce the emission of the diesel engine.

Pendugaan Umur Simpan Cabai Giling Menggunakan Metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing dengan Pendekatan Arrhenius (Estimation of Shelf Life Ground Chillies Using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing Method with Arrhenius Approach)

<p>Untuk memperpanjang masa simpan cabai giling yang diperdagangkan, perlu dilakukan pengemasan sebaik mungkin sehingga tidak terkontaminasi mikroba. Di samping itu diperlukan informasi masa simpan untuk menjamin bahwa cabai giling sampai di tangan konsumen belum mengalami kerusakan dan masih layak dikonsumsi. Salah satu cara untuk menduga umur simpan secara cepat adalah dengan metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian bertujuan menduga umur simpan cabai giling melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen BPTP Sumatra Barat pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Penyimpanan dilakukan menggunakan kemasan botol plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) dan kantong plastik PP 0,8 mm pada suhu 3ºC, 29ºC, dan 35ºC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaksi kinetika penurunan mutu cabai giling mengikuti ordo satu. Pendugaan umur simpan paling lama diperoleh pada perlakuan pemanasan cabai giling selama 25 menit kemudian dikemas dengan botol PET, disimpan pada suhu 3°C, yaitu 211,41 hari, dengan model matematika penurunan mutu Lnk =14,883-7154,67(1/T). Jika disimpan pada suhu 29˚C dan 35˚C masing-masing umur simpan hanya 53,26 hari dan 27,21 hari.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Umur simpan; Pengolahan; Cabai giling</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>To extend the shelf life of traded ground chilies, good packaging is necessary in order not to be contaminated by microbes. In addition, information on shelf life is needed to ensure that the ground chillies that arrive at consumers have not been damaged and are still fit for consumption. One way to quickly estimate shelf life is by using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method, through the Arrhenius approach. The research aimed to estimate the shelf life of ground chillies through the Arrhenius approach. The research was conducted at the Postharvest Laboratory of BPTP West Sumatra from May to October 2018. Storage was carried out using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and 0.8 mm PP plastic bags at temperatures of 3ºC, 29ºC, and 35ºC. The results showed that the reaction kinetics of quality deterioration of ground chillies followed order 1. The longest estimated shelf life was obtained in the heating treatment of ground chilies for 25 minutes then packed with PET bottles, stored at 3°C, that is 211.41 days, with a mathematical model of quality degradation Lnk = 14.883-7154.67 (1/T). If stored at 29oC and 35oC, the shelf life is only 53.26 days and 27.21 days, respectively.</p>

Utility of Thermal Cross-Linking in Stabilizing Hydrogels with Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and/or Epigallocatechin Gallate for Use in Bone Regeneration Therapy

β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules are commonly used materials in dentistry or orthopedic surgery. However, further improvements are required to raise the operability and bone-forming ability of β-TCP granules in a clinical setting. Recently, we developed epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-modified gelatin sponges as a novel biomaterial for bone regeneration. However, there is no study on using the above material for preparing hydrogel incorporating β-TCP granules. Here, we demonstrate that vacuum heating treatment induced thermal cross-linking in gelatin sponges modified with EGCG and incorporating β-TCP granules (vhEc-GS-β) so that the hydrogels prepared from vhEc-GS-β showed high stability, β-TCP granule retention, operability, and cytocompatibility. Additionally, microcomputed tomography morphometry revealed that the hydrogels from vhEc-GS-β had significantly higher bone-forming ability than β-TCP alone. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining demonstrated that the number of osteoclasts increased at three weeks in defects treated with the hydrogels from vhEc-GS-β compared with that around β-TCP alone. The overall results indicate that thermal cross-linking treatment for the preparation of sponges (precursor of hydrogels) can be a promising process to enhance the bone-forming ability. This insight should provide a basis for the development of novel materials with good operativity and bone-forming ability for bone regenerative medicine.

Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode

To fabricate mass and resistive sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we investigated the functionalization of RGO by tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (PcH2tBu), which possesses a macroring and tert-butyl peripheral groups. Herein, we present the gas sensor responses of the functionalized RGO toward benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) vapors. The RGO was obtained by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using citrate as a reducing agent, while the functionalization was achieved non-covalently by simply using ultrasonic and heating treatment. The sensor devices based on both QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) and resistive transducers were used simultaneously to understand the reactivity. Both the GO and the RGO showed less sensitivity to BTX vapors, while the RGO/PcH2tBu presented enhanced sensor responses. These results show that the p-network plays a very important role in targeting BTX vapors. The resistive response analysis allowed us to state that the RGO is a p-type semiconductor and that the interaction is governed by charge transfer, while the QCM response profiles allowed use to determine the differences between the BTX vapors. Among BTX, benzene shows the weakest sensitivity and a reactivity in the higher concentration range (>600 ppm). The toluene and xylene showed linear responses in the range of 100–600 ppm.

Influence of Heating and Sodium Acidic Polyphosphate on Inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus in Pomelo Juice

The research focused on the heat resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) in pomelo juice. Sodium acidic polyphosphate was used to enhance the inhibition of these bacteria in heat treatment of pomelo juice. Temperature increased from 52 to 58°C, D-values of S. Enteritidis decreased from 1.94 to 0.15 min. With L. rhamnosus, D value reduced from 0.15 to 0.72 min when the temperature increased from 60 to 75°C. Z values of L. rhamnosus and S. Enteritidis were 16.31 and 5.37°C, respectively. It means that heat resistance of L. rhamnosus is more than that of S. Enteritidis. Adding 0.1% of sodium acidic polyphosphate significantly enhanced the inhibition of S. Enteritidis and L. rhamnosus in the heating treatment of pomelo juice. The result can be applied for pasteurization of pomelo juice.

Mid-term results of a new femoral prosthesis using Ti-Nb-Sn alloy with low Young’s modulus

Background This study was performed to investigate the mid-term results of Ti-Nb-Sn (TNS) alloy stem with a low Young’s modulus. Methods This study was a multicenter prospective cohort study. A total of 40 primary total hip arthroplasties performed between April 2016 and September 2017 was enrolled in this study. With the unique functional gradient properties by heating treatment, the strength of the proximal portion was enhanced, while the distal portion maintained a low Young’s modulus. The surgeries were performed through the posterolateral approach using the TNS alloy stems. Radiographs were taken from immediately after surgeries until 3 years, and stress shielding and subsidence of the stems were evaluated. The incidences of the stem breakage were also assessed. Clinical assessments were performed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) scores. Results Among the 40 enrolled patients, 36 patients were female and 4 were male. At 3 years after surgery, there were no radiologic signs of loosening, subsidence, or breakage of the stem. Stress shielding was observed in 26 hips (65%). Of 26 hips, 16 hips (40%) were grade 1 and 10 hips (25%) were grade 2. There was no advanced stress shielding. The JOA and JHEQ scores significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores. Conclusion The current study using a new TNS alloy femoral stem showed good clinical outcomes at 3-year follow-up. Radiologically, there was no loosening or subsidence of the stem. The mild stress shielding was observed in 65% of patients. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21241251. The date of registration was October 26, 2021. Retrospectively registered.