Intra-Industry Trade in International Tourism Services

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hu ◽  
Liyan Han ◽  
Donghui Li
Keyword(s):  
International Tourism ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Tourism Services

Identification and Evaluation of those Components of Tourism Services which have a Bearing on Tourist Satisfaction and Which Can be Regulated, and State Measures to Ensure Quality of Tourism Services

1985 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tourism Services

This study was prepared pursuant to resolution 141 (V) adopted by the General Assembly at its fifth session (New Delhi, October 1983) concerning the Organization’s general programme of work for the period 1984-1985, prepared by the Secretary-General. It was entered as a special activity under the heading “Development of domestic and international tourism worldwide as a result of the right of all layers of the population to holidays and a better quality of life”. The aim of this study is to identify components of tourism services which have a bearing on tourist satisfaction and, in this regard, to propose measures which, through adequate regulation of these factors, could ensure the maintenance if not the improvement of the quality of tourist products.

Market Power and the Taxation of Domestic and International Tourism

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Forsyth ◽  
Larry Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Rent Extraction ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Implicit Taxation ◽  
Tourism Services

Tourism services around the world are subject to general and specific taxes. There is evidence that tourism is relatively heavily taxed and that rates of taxation are increasing, although the implicit taxation of aviation is lessening. Leaving aside issues of international rent extraction, or the passing of taxes on to foreign visitors, there do not seem to be strong reasons for taxing tourism differently from other goods and services, although specific levies to correct for related unpriced services or externalities may be called for. There has been a growth in specific tourism taxes, many of which are earmarked for spending on tourism-related projects or promotion. While this may appear efficient, it can lead to the squandering of revenues through the funding of inefficient projects. This is especially the case when different jurisdictions fund promotion to attract the same group of tourists. International tourism poses specific problems that make it difficult to tax it on a comparable basis to other goods and services. However, the most serious problem arises from the market power that countries possess over their tourism services; countries can, and do, impose taxes on tourism services and pass them on to foreign tourists. The scope for doing this is substantial and it is individually rational for countries to tax tourism services. However, this constitutes a barrier to trade in tourism services, and what is rational for an individual country is inefficient for the world as a whole. Excessive taxation of international tourism will be the result, and this taxation will be very difficult to negotiate away. Since this market power is unevenly distributed across countries, and there is some gain from tourism taxation, even after the taxation of their own travellers is taken into account, it would not be feasible to obtain agreement to reduce or eliminate such taxation if negotiations are confined to tourism and aviation issues. Agreement is more likely if there are broader negotiations, but even these may well not be enough. In the absence of side payments to bribe countries not to use their market power, the globally efficient solution of low tourism taxes is unlikely to come about. Ultimately, tourism growth is likely to suffer relative to other sectors in the global economy.

scholarly journals Managing the Motivation of Customers of International Tourism Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manana Aladashvili
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Active Recreation

The desires and needs of tourists are often considered to be the motivation for travel. The International Tourism Survey showed that there are four main factors: culture, destinations, social contact and adventure, which influence the decision of tourists to travel in international tourism.The paper discusses the rational and emotional motives that influence tourists' travel choices and the selection of the tourism industry sector. Rational motives represent economic; Minimize risks, stability, life safety, health, property, financial resources; Comfort when arriving at the destination and compatibility of service quality with price.Emotional motives are no less important, include knowledge acquisition, success, respect and recognition, consideration of fashion trends, reputation and status.Based on the motivations of the consumers and the behavior of the people, a list of types of leisure has been formed, which is preferred by a large number of consumers: 1) rest, which has the character of restoration of rest; 2) active recreation (possibly with sports activities); 3) educational and cultural recreation; 4) Spectacular, entertaining, light rest; 5) Medical and recreational rest. We can say that the rapid development of the travel industry today is largely due to the transformation of public consciousness. Today, in the structure of modern human values, there is a quality rest that meets his individual needs. These requirements of the modern consumer of tourism services should be taken into account in the development of tourism-related infrastructure and the tourism industry in order to develop their tourist attractiveness in different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Use of marketing and effective management as of promotion of tourism product in international tourism market

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (43) ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
S. Terebukh
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Tourism Services

This article considers the main provisions effective use of marketing and management as a means of promoting tourism product in the international market, factors impact on the demand and supply of tourism services and key trends in changing requirements and expectations of tourists. Keywords: marketing, management, tourism product, the international market of tourist services.

scholarly journals “Tourist Space” as a Concept: Scientific Approaches to the Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sharafutdinov ◽  
Elena Onishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Holistic Concept ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
Geographical Economic ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article attempts to generalize various points of view of foreign and domestic scientists on the concept of “tourist space”, its potential and structure as an object of construction. The main scientific approaches to understanding the tourist space (geographical, economic, economic-geographical, social, sociocultural, interdisciplinary) have been identified and systematized, their characteristic features have been identified. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the most holistic concept of the tourist space can be presented as part of an interdisciplinary approach with the involvement of specialists from various fields and areas involved in the creation, arrangement and development of tourist spaces of the worlds regions. Based on the combination of numerous typological criteria for tourist space proposed by scientists, its main elements are identified. In conclusion, the problem areas in the study of tourist space are identified which, in the opinion of the authors, not yet reflected in the understanding of its essence. The results of the study can be used in developing the fundamental theory of tourism, in developing concepts and strategies for the development of tourism in the regions of Russia to increase the competitiveness of regional tourism products and their promotion in the domestic and international tourism services market.

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