The Comparison of Concentration of Volatile Fatty Acids, Ammonia, and Volatile Organic Compounds in Pig Slurry

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have reported that a number of organic compounds are present in kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) leaf extracts. Further research is needed to purify these compounds and determine which are biologically active. The objective of this study is to identify the volatile organic compounds of kaffir lime leaf crude extracts and fractions and to study their bioactivity. Fractionation was performed by the double maceration method, using hexane as the second solvent. TLC was performed to analyze the qualitative separation, whereas the individual constituents were detected using GC-MS. Our results showed that chloroform and ethyl acetate crude extracts contained various volatile organic compounds such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, prenol lipids, sterol lipids, terpenoids and long chain alkanes. Fractionation separated these compounds into non-hexane fractions, which contained less volatile compounds, and hexane fractions. The volatile compounds of non-hexane fractions were identified to be long chain alkanes, meanwhile the hexane fractions contained terpenoids, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, prenol lipids and sterol lipids. Palmitic acid and terpenoids, such as citronellyl propionate, nerolidol, citronella and caryophyllene oxide were found to be the most dominant bioactive compounds in chloroform and ethyl acetate crude extract and their hexane fractions, which were reported to possess cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Meanwhile in non-hexane fractions, long chain alkanes such as triacontane and hentriacontane were found to be the most dominant bioactive compound which also possessed cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, fractionation using the double maceration method yielded different volatile organic compounds composition with different biological activities. The crude extracts and fractions of kaffir lime leaves were potential to be developed as a traditional medicine for cancer treatment.

Download Full-text

Comparative evaluation of triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and volatile organic compounds as markers for authenticating sesame oil

International Journal of Food Properties ◽

10.1080/10942912.2018.1534123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 2509-2516 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Rois Mansur ◽

Ha-Ram Jeong ◽

Bong Han Lee ◽

Minseon Koo ◽

Dong-Ho Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Volatile Organic

Download Full-text

Precursors of volatile organic compounds emitted during phosphorite processing

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.2478/v10026-012-0072-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

Agata Śliwak ◽

Stanisław Gryglewicz ◽

Józef Hoffmann ◽

Grażyna Gryglewicz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Soluble Organic Matter ◽

Fertilizer Industry ◽

Methanol Mixture ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Main Components

Precursors of volatile organic compounds emitted during phosphorite processing The composition of solvent-soluble organic matter of phosphorite, which is a precursor of volatile organic compounds emitted by the fertilizer industry, was studied. A benzene-methanol mixture and chloroform were used for the extraction of free and bound bitumen from phosphorites, respectively. The separated bitumen fractions were characterized qualitatively by GC-MS and quantitatively by GC-FID. n-Alkanes, n-alkenes, fatty acids and isoprenoids were identified in the extracts. The main components were n-alkanes and n-alkenes, constituting over 80% of the total bitumen determined. An unexpected presence of n-alkenes only in the free bitumen fraction was found. The possible source of ill-smelling substances evolved during treatment of phosphorite with H2SO4 was discussed.

Download Full-text

Effects of Solid-State Fermentation with Eurotium cristatum YL-1 on the Nutritional Value, Total Phenolics, Isoflavones, Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile Organic Compounds of Black Soybeans

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1029

Author(s):

Yu Xiao ◽

Yuxin Huang ◽

Yulian Chen ◽

Ziyi Fan ◽

Ruyang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Solid State ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Black Soybean ◽

Volatile Organic

In this study, black soybean was firstly processed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a probiotic fungus Eurotium cristatum YL-1. The effect of SSF on the nutritional components (including proximate, amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids), total phenolics, isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and volatile organic compounds of black soybeans were revealed. Results of this work demonstrated that black soybean processed by SSF with E. cristatum greatly increased the contents of protein, essential amino acids, and some minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium). GC results revealed that more than 80% of the total lipids from both fermented and non-fermented black soybeans were unsaturated fatty acids, and SSF influenced the fatty acids composition. Higher contents of total phenolics and aglycone isoflavones (i.e., genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) of fermented black soybeans were achieved by SSF. Furthermore, SSF with E. cristatum considerably augmented the ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging effects against ABTS·+ and DPPH radical, reducing power, and chelating ability of black soybeans, which evaluated with various polarity solvent extracts. HS-GC-IMS analysis detected a total of 66 volatile compounds in FBS and BS, and 56 volatile organic compounds were successfully identified. The intensities of main volatile compounds (i.e., 10 esters, 11 alcohols, and 19 aldehydes) differed remarkably by fermentation with E. cristatum. The intensities of seven alcohols and nine aldehydes considerably decreased, whereas higher levels of esters were achieved by SFF. Thus, our results confirmed that black soybeans processed by SSF with E. cristatum is a promising approach to substantially improve its nutritional value, flavor characteristics, and biological effect, and might have great potential in the development of new functional foods or be used as a new nutritional ingredient applied in food design.

Download Full-text

Enhanced Photochemical Volatile Organic Compounds Release from Fatty Acids by Surface-Enriched Fe(III)

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.0c03793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (21) ◽

pp. 13448-13457

Author(s):

Di Huang ◽

Jinzhao Wang ◽

Hongling Xia ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Fengxia Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Volatile Organic

Download Full-text

Use of Bedding Materials in Beef Bedded Manure Packs at Hot and Cold Ambient Temperatures: Effects on Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds and Odor Activity Values

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 843-855

Author(s):

Jeff P. Jaderborg ◽

Mindy J. Spiehs ◽

Bryan L. Woodbury ◽

Alfredo DiCostanzo ◽

David B. Parker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Bedding Material ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Total Sulfide ◽

Bedding Materials ◽

Over Time

HighlightsAromatic compounds generated 72.6% of the total odor activity values (OAVs) over time.Cold treatments had significantly lower total OAVs than hot treatments regardless of the age of the bedded pack.Abstract. Beef cattle producers are beginning to raise cattle in confinement facilities such as slatted-floor barns, hoop barns, and mono-slope facilities. Hoop and mono-slope facilities typically use bedding packs as part of their manure management system, with crop residues being the most commonly used bedding material. This study was conducted to determine the effects of bedding material, i.e., corn stover (CS), bean stover (BS), wheat straw (WS), or pine wood chips (PC), and environmental ambient temperature, i.e., cold (15°C) or hot (30°C), on the concentrations of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air samples collected in the headspace above lab-scale bedded packs over a 42-day period. Total aromatic compounds, sulfide compounds, straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were measured and used to calculate total odor activity values (OAVs) for each bedding and temperature effect. No significant three-way interactions for bedding material × ambient temperature × age of bedded pack were observed. Significant bedding material × ambient temperature interactions were observed for total aromatic compounds and total sulfide compounds (p = 0.0455 and p = 0.0083, respectively). The concentration of total aromatic compounds was greater for all hot treatments compared to cold treatments, with hot-CS and hot-WS bedding types (389.83 and 365.5 ng L-1, respectively) significantly (p < 0.05) greater than all other bedding types, while total aromatic compounds were lowest (87.09 ng L-1) for BS across cold treatments. Total sulfide compounds from cold-PC (51.69 ng L-1) were significantly (p = 0.0143) greater than all other treatments. Within hot treatments, total sulfide compounds were similar across all bedding materials. Total SCFAs for both cold and hot treatments decreased significantly from weeks 4 to 6. Total SCFA concentrations within weeks were significantly (p < 0.0001) greater for WS and CS compared to BS and PC but similar across bedding materials at week 6. Total BCFA concentrations from bedded packs containing CS and WS were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher at week 4 compared to concentrations from bedded packs containing BS or PC. As bedded packs aged, total BCFA concentrations for all bedding materials were similar at week 6. Total OAVs decreased over time for both hot and cold treatments, although cold treatments had significantly (p < 0.0001) lower total OAVs regardless of the age of the bedded pack. Aromatic compounds generated 72.6% of the total OAV over the 42-day study. Bedding types BS and PC had the lowest total OAVs across all weeks. The results indicate that feedlot operators maintaining bedded pack facilities will achieve the greatest overall odor reduction when using BS or PC bedding material, no matter the ambient temperature. Keywords: Bedding, Beef, Odor, Volatile organic compounds.

Download Full-text