Selecting for the phenotypic optimum: size-related trade-offs between mortality risk and reproductive output in female sockeye salmon

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curry J. Cunningham ◽  
Mira G. Courage ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Related Trade

scholarly journals Transgenerational fitness effects of lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Kris Sales ◽  
Hanne Carlsson ◽  
Simone Immler ◽  
Tracey Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Variety

Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of DR by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in Caenorhabditis elegans . We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction of the individuals subject to TF (P 0 ), it has a wide range of both positive and negative effects on their descendants (F 1 –F 3 ). Remarkably, great-grandparental exposure to TF in early life reduces fitness and increases mortality risk of F 3 descendants to such an extent that TF no longer promotes a lifespan extension. These findings reveal that transgenerational trade-offs accompany the instant benefits of DR, underscoring the need to consider fitness of future generations in pursuit of healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Transgenerational fitness effects of lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Kris Sales ◽  
Hanne Carlsson ◽  
Simone Immler ◽  
Tracey Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Variety

AbstractDietary restriction increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here we investigated the effect of dietary restriction by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in C. elegans. We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction in the parental generation (P0), it has a wide range of both positive and deleterious effects on future generations (F1-F3). Remarkably, great-grandparental exposure to TF in early-life reduces fitness and increases mortality risk of F3 descendants to such an extent that TF no longer promotes a lifespan extension. These findings reveal that transgenerational trade-offs accompany the instant benefits of dietary restriction underscoring the need to consider fitness of future generations in pursuit of healthy ageing.

Effects of parasite pressure on parasite mortality and reproductive output in a rodent-flea system: inferring host defense trade-offs

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 3337-3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Warburton ◽  
Michael Kam ◽  
Enav Bar-Shira ◽  
Aharon Friedman ◽  
Irina S. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Risky Transportation Choices and the Value of a Statistical Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco León ◽  
Edward Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Low Income Setting

This paper exploits an unusual transportation setting to generate some of the first revealed preference value of a statistical life (VSL) estimates from a low-income setting. We estimate the trade-offs individuals are willing to make between mortality risk and cost as they travel to and from the international airport in Sierra Leone. The setting and original dataset allow us to address some typical omitted variable concerns, and also to compare VSL estimates for travelers from different countries, all facing the same choice situation. The average VSL estimate for African travelers in the sample is US$577,000 compared to US$924,000 for non-Africans. (JEL I12, J17, O15, O18, R41)

scholarly journals Weather and food availability additively affect reproductive output in an expanding raptor population

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Nägeli ◽  
Patrick Scherler ◽  
Stephanie Witczak ◽  
Benedetta Catitti ◽  
Adrian Aebischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Expanding Population

AbstractThe joint effects of interacting environmental factors on key demographic parameters can exacerbate or mitigate the separate factors’ effects on population dynamics. Given ongoing changes in climate and land use, assessing interactions between weather and food availability on reproductive performance is crucial to understand and forecast population dynamics. By conducting a feeding experiment in 4 years with different weather conditions, we were able to disentangle the effects of weather, food availability and their interactions on reproductive parameters in an expanding population of the red kite (Milvus milvus), a conservation-relevant raptor known to be supported by anthropogenic feeding. Brood loss occurred mainly during the incubation phase, and was associated with rainfall and low food availability. In contrast, brood loss during the nestling phase occurred mostly due to low temperatures. Survival of last-hatched nestlings and nestling development was enhanced by food supplementation and reduced by adverse weather conditions. However, we found no support for interactive effects of weather and food availability, suggesting that these factors affect reproduction of red kites additively. The results not only suggest that food-weather interactions are prevented by parental life-history trade-offs, but that food availability and weather conditions are crucial separate determinants of reproductive output, and thus population productivity. Overall, our results suggest that the observed increase in spring temperatures and enhanced anthropogenic food resources have contributed to the elevational expansion and the growth of the study population during the last decades.

Lack of trade-offs in host offspring produced during fecundity compensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Davis ◽  
J.T. Vannatta ◽  
S.O. Gutierrez ◽  
D.J. Minchella
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Life History Response ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fecundity Compensation ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Host Life

Abstract Host–parasite coevolution may result in life-history changes in hosts that can limit the detrimental effects of parasitism. Fecundity compensation is one such life-history response, occurring when hosts increase their current reproductive output to make up for expected losses in future reproduction due to parasitic infection. However, the potential trade-offs between this increase in quantity and the quality of offspring have been relatively unexplored. This study uses the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, to better understand how this host life-history response, fecundity compensation, impacts host reproduction. Measures of host reproductive output as well as offspring hatching success and survival were collected to assess the reproductive consequences of infection. Infected snails exhibited fecundity compensation by increasing the number of eggs laid and the overall probability of laying eggs compared to uninfected snails. Parental infection status did not play a significant role in hatching or offspring survival to maturity. Offspring from a later reproductive bout demonstrated a higher hatching success rate. Overall, the lack of an apparent trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring suggests that infected parental snails invest more resources towards reproduction not only to increase reproductive output, but also to maintain the fitness of their offspring, possibly at the expense of their own longevity.

Involving the animal as a contributor in design to overcome animal welfare related trade-offs: The dust bath unit as an example

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Ellen van Weeghel ◽  
A.P. (Bram) Bos ◽  
Sierk F. Spoelstra ◽  
Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Related Trade
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