scholarly journals Transgenerational fitness effects of lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Kris Sales ◽  
Hanne Carlsson ◽  
Simone Immler ◽  
Tracey Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Variety

AbstractDietary restriction increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here we investigated the effect of dietary restriction by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in C. elegans. We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction in the parental generation (P0), it has a wide range of both positive and deleterious effects on future generations (F1-F3). Remarkably, great-grandparental exposure to TF in early-life reduces fitness and increases mortality risk of F3 descendants to such an extent that TF no longer promotes a lifespan extension. These findings reveal that transgenerational trade-offs accompany the instant benefits of dietary restriction underscoring the need to consider fitness of future generations in pursuit of healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Transgenerational fitness effects of lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Kris Sales ◽  
Hanne Carlsson ◽  
Simone Immler ◽  
Tracey Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Variety

Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of DR by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in Caenorhabditis elegans . We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction of the individuals subject to TF (P 0 ), it has a wide range of both positive and negative effects on their descendants (F 1 –F 3 ). Remarkably, great-grandparental exposure to TF in early life reduces fitness and increases mortality risk of F 3 descendants to such an extent that TF no longer promotes a lifespan extension. These findings reveal that transgenerational trade-offs accompany the instant benefits of DR, underscoring the need to consider fitness of future generations in pursuit of healthy ageing.

Knowledge, meaning, and the world's great challenges

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Future Generations ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Value Ethics ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Questioning

The future of Cambridge University is discussed in the context of the current British and global situation of universities, the main focus being on what the core concerns of a major university should be at this time. After raising issues related to core intellectual values (truth-seeking, rationality in argument, balanced judgement, integrity, linguistic precision and critical questioning) and the sustaining of a long-term social and intellectual ecology, four main challenges are identified: uniting teaching and research fruitfully; interrelating fields of knowledge appropriately across a wide range of disciplines; contributing to society in ways that are responsible towards the long-term flourishing of our world; and sustaining and reinventing collegiality so that the university can be a place where intensive, disciplined conversations within and across generations can flourish. The latter leads into questions of polity, governance and management. Finally, the inseparability of teaching, research and knowledge from questions of meaning, value, ethics, collegiality and transgenerational responsibility leads to proposing ‘wisdom’ as an integrating concept. The relevant sources of wisdom available are both religious and secular, and in a world that is complexly both religious and secular we need universities that can be places where both are done justice. Given the seriousness and long-term nature of the conflicts associated with religious and secular forces in our world, it is especially desirable that universities in their education of future generations contribute to the healing of such divisions.

scholarly journals Anabolic Function Downstream of TOR Controls Trade-offs Between Longevity and Reproduction at the Level of Specific Tissues in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber C. Howard ◽  
Dilawar Mir ◽  
Santina Snow ◽  
Jordan Horrocks ◽  
Hussein Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Body Muscle ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Tissues

As the most energetically expensive cellular process, translation must be finely tuned to environmental conditions. Dietary restriction attenuates signaling through the nutrient sensing mTOR pathway, which reduces translation and redirects resources to preserve the soma. These responses are associated with increased lifespan but also anabolic impairment, phenotypes also observed when translation is genetically suppressed. Here, we restricted translation downstream of mTOR separately in major tissues in C. elegans to better understand their roles in systemic adaptation and whether consequences to anabolic impairment were separable from positive effects on lifespan. Lowering translation in neurons, hypodermis, or germline tissue led to increased lifespan under well-fed conditions and improved survival upon withdrawal of food, indicating that these are key tissues coordinating enhanced survival when protein synthesis is reduced. Surprisingly, lowering translation in body muscle during development shortened lifespan while accelerating and increasing reproduction, a reversal of phenotypic trade-offs associated with systemic translation suppression. Suppressing mTORC1 selectively in body muscle also increased reproduction while slowing motility during development. In nature, this may be indicative of reduced energy expenditure related to foraging, acting as a “GO!” signal for reproduction. Together, results indicate that low translation in different tissues helps direct distinct systemic adaptations and suggest that unknown endocrine signals mediate these responses. Furthermore, mTOR or translation inhibitory therapeutics that target specific tissues may achieve desired interventions to aging without loss of whole-body anabolism.

scholarly journals Body condition but not dietary restriction prolongs lifespan in a semelparous capital breeder

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Kasumovic ◽  
Robert C. Brooks ◽  
Maydianne C. B. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Mate Searching ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capital Breeder ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Faster Development

Effects of diet on longevity are complex because acquired resources are shared among growth, reproduction and somatic maintenance. We simplify these axes by examining how dietary restriction and competitive contexts affect longevity using semelparous males of the Australian redback spider ( Latrodectus hasselti ). Plastic development of L. hasselti males results in trade-offs of body condition against faster development if females are present, facilitating scramble competition. In the absence of females, males develop slowly as high body condition adults, and are better equipped for mate searching. Here we focus on effects of diet and competitive context on body condition and longevity. Although male survival depended on body condition and exercise, contrary to studies in a wide range of taxa, dietary restriction did not increase longevity. However, there was an interactive effect of diet and competitive context on lifespan, because high-diet males reared in the absence of females lived longer than males reared in the presence of females. Thus males near females pay a survival cost of developing rapidly. This shows that life-history trade-offs affected by competitive context can impose longevity costs independent of the direct energy expenditure of searching, courtship, competition or reproduction.

Coelomocytes are required for lifespan extension via different methods of dietary restriction in C. elegans

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Kook Park ◽  
Sang-Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Delayed development and lifespan extension as features of metabolic lifestyle alteration in C. elegans under dietary restriction

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (20) ◽  
pp. 4129-4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Szewczyk ◽  
I. A. Udranszky ◽  
E. Kozak ◽  
J. Sunga ◽  
S. K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Delayed Development

scholarly journals Economic analysis to Impact of Production and Maintenance of Improved Seeds on Achieving Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kh. M. Farhan ◽  
Amina M. Khairy ◽  
Omar Kh. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Continued Use

The term sustainable development includes a wide range of methods and objectives that must be provided and achieved to ensure the continuity of this development into the future and future generations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of improved seeds, which are the most important production elements that contribute to increasing the expected production quantity of crops and improving its quality, The results of the analysis showed that production costs by ( 8.18%), either on the part of the returns The use of improved seeds in the production process led to an increase in the yield achieved from the production of wheat by (32.6%) compared to using traditional seeds, and this was achieved in two ways, the first of which was to increase the average productivity per dunum by (19.7%), as well as selling the final product at a higher price. (12%). From here we conclude that the use of improved seeds contributes to the development of the wheat crop in the short term first, to achieve meaningful profits for farmers, and then it will lead to the continued use of those seeds in the long term secondly, which contributes to achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals Tubular lysosome induction couples animal starvation to healthy aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana V Villalobos ◽  
Bhaswati Ghosh ◽  
Sanaa Alam ◽  
Tyler J Butsch ◽  
Brennan M Mercola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
New Class

Dietary restriction promotes longevity via autophagy activation. However, changes to lysosomes underlying this effect remain unclear. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that induction of autophagic tubular lysosomes, which occurs upon dietary restriction or mTOR inhibition, is a critical event linking reduced food intake to lifespan extension. We find that starvation induces tubular lysosomes not only in affected individuals but also in well-fed descendants, and the presence of gut tubular lysosomes in well-fed progeny is predictive of enhanced lifespan. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Drosophila SVIP, a tubular-lysosome activator in flies, artificially induces tubular lysosomes in well-fed worms and improves C. elegans health in old age. These findings identify tubular lysosomes as a new class of lysosomes that couples starvation to healthy aging.

scholarly journals Natural Capital Accounting for Land in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Nishimwe ◽  
Didier Milindi Rugema ◽  
Claudine Uwera ◽  
Cor Graveland ◽  
Jesper Stage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Capital Accounting ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Nations System

Land, as a valuable natural resource, is an important pillar of Rwanda’s sustainable development. The majority of Rwanda’s 80% rural population rely on agriculture for their livelihood, and land is crucial for agriculture. However, since a high population density has made land a scarce commodity, growth in the agricultural sector and plans for rapid urbanisation are being constrained, and cross-sectoral trade-offs are becoming increasingly important, with a risk that long-term sustainability may be threatened if these trade-offs are not considered. To help track land value trends and assess trade-offs, and to help assess the sustainability of trends in land use and land cover, Rwanda has begun developing natural capital accounts for land in keeping with the United Nations’ System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. This paper reports on Rwanda’s progress with these accounts. The accounting approach adopted in our study measures changes in land use and land cover and quantifies stocks for the period under study (2014–2015). Rwanda is one of the first developing countries to develop natural capital accounts for land, but the wide range of possible uses in policy analysis suggests that such accounts could be useful for other countries as well.

scholarly journals Low costs of adaptation to dietary restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20200008
Author(s):  
Roy Z. Moger-Reischer ◽  
Elizabeth V. Snider ◽  
Kelsey L. McKenzie ◽  
Jay T. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Low Costs

Dietary restriction (DR) is the most successful and widespread means of extending organismal lifespan. However, the evolutionary basis of life extension under DR remains uncertain. The traditional evolutionary explanation is that when organisms experience DR, they allocate endogenous resources to survival and postpone reproduction until conditions improve. However, this life-extension strategy should be maladaptive if DR continues for multiple generations due to trade-offs between longevity and reproduction. To test this prediction, we subjected the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 1800 generations of evolution on restricted versus non-restricted diets. Adaptation to a non-restricted diet improved reproductive fitness by 57%, but provided a much smaller (14%) advantage on a restricted diet. By contrast, adaptation to DR resulted in an approximately 35% increase in reproductive fitness on both restricted and non-restricted diets. Importantly, the life-extending effect of DR did not decrease following long-term evolution on the restricted diet. Thus, contrary to theoretical expectations, we found no evidence that the life-extending DR response became maladaptive during multigenerational DR. Together, our results suggest that the DR response has a low cost and that this phenomenon may have evolved as part of a generalist strategy that extends beyond the benefits of postponing reproduction.

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