Natural habitat loss and exotic plants reduce the functional diversity of flower visitors in a heterogeneous subtropical landscape

Quality degradation, modification, and habitat loss are significant threats to bird species. The natural habitat of birds has been modified into residential land and facilities to meet the needs of human life as happened at Tanjungpura University. This study aims to determine of birds species at Tanjungpura University. Observations were carried out from January to March 2019. The method used in collecting the data from bird was “Encounter rates” which was conducted in the morning starting at 6 – 9 am and at 3 - 6 pm. The data obtained were analyzed with the formula of simple abundance scale and frequency of attendance. The birds found at Universitas Tanjungpura are 28 species classified into 23 genera, 17 families, and seven orders. Birds found to have an abundance order scale are classified into abundant, general, frequent and, unusual categories. Birds included in the abundant category are Collocalia fuciphaga and Passer montanus. The types of bird foods at Tanjungpura University consist of frugivore, insectivore, granivore, herbivore, carnivore, piscivore, omnivore, molluscivore, and nectarivore. The value of attendance frequency have range between 10-100%. The bird species with highest frequency of attendance’s value is Passer montanus, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Pycnonotus goiavier, Collocalia fuciphaga, and Anthreptes malacensis.

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Urban expansion dynamics and natural habitat loss in China: a multiscale landscape perspective

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.12553 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2886-2902 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

Chunyang He ◽

Zhifeng Liu ◽

Jie Tian ◽

Qun Ma

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Natural Habitat

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Bees use anthropogenic habitats despite strong natural habitat preferences

10.1101/278812 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Á. Collado ◽

Daniel Sol ◽

Ignasi Bartomeus

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Large Dataset ◽

Anthropogenic Habitats ◽

Bee Diversity ◽

Northeast Usa

ABSTRACTHabitat loss and alteration is widely considered one of the main drivers of the current loss of pollinator diversity. Unfortunately, we still lack a comprehensive analysis of habitat importance, use and preference for major groups of pollinators. Here, we address this gap analysing a large dataset of 15,762 bee specimens (more than 400 species) across northeast USA. We found that natural habitats sustain the highest bee diversity, with many species strongly depending on such habitats. By characterizing habitat use and preference for the 45 most abundant species, we also show that many bee species can use human-altered habitats despite exhibiting strong and clear preferences for forested habitats. However, only a few species appear to do well when the habitat has been drastically modified. We conclude that although altered environments may harbor a substantial number of species, preserving natural areas is still essential to guarantee the conservation of bee biodiversity.

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Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a ‘Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method’ as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana)

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.38.26790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lav Sharma ◽

Irene Oliveira ◽

Laura Torres ◽

Guilhermina Marques

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Principal Component ◽

Metarhizium Robertsii ◽

Bait Method ◽

Ecological Profiles ◽

Soil Habitat

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect-pests. However, EPF recoveries can be influenced by the soil habitat-type(s) incorporated and/or the bait-insect(s) used. Galleriamellonella (GM) as bait-insect, i.e. ‘Galleria-bait’, is arguably the most common methodology, which is sometimes used solely, to isolate EPF from soils. Insect baiting using Tenebriomolitor (TM) has also been employed occasionally. Here 183 soils were used to estimate the functional diversity of EPF in Portuguese Douro vineyards (cultivated habitat) and adjacent hedgerows (semi-natural habitat), using the TM bait method. Moreover, to study the effect of insect baiting on EPF recovery, 81 of these 183 soil samples were also tested for EPF occurrences using the GM bait method. Twelve species were found in 44.26% ± 3.67% of the total of 183 soils. Clonostachysroseaf.rosea was found in maximum soils (30.05% ± 3.38%), followed by Beauveriabassiana (12.57% ± 2.37%), Purpureocilliumlilacinum (9.29% ± 2.14%) and Metarhiziumrobertsii (6.01% ± 1.75%). Beauveriapseudobassiana (P < 0.001), C.roseaf.rosea (P = 0.006) and Cordycepscicadae (P=0.023) were isolated significantly more from hedgerows, highlighting their sensitivities towards agricultural disturbances. Beauveriabassiana (P = 0.038) and M.robertsii (P = 0.003) were isolated significantly more using GM and TM, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that M.robertsii was associated both with TM baiting and cultivated habitats, however, B.bassiana was slightly linked with GM baiting only. Ecological profiles of B.bassiana and P.lilacinum were quite similar while M.robertsii and C.roseaf.rosea were relatively distant and distinct. To us, this is the first report on (a) C.cicadae isolation from Mediterranean soils, (b) Purpureocilliumlavendulum as an EPF worldwide; and (c) significant recoveries of M.robertsii using TM over GM. Overall, a ‘Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method’ is advocated to study the functional diversity of EPF in agroecosystems.

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Atlantic forest bird communities provide different but not fewer functions after habitat loss

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2014.2844 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 282 (1811) ◽

pp. 20142844 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Greet De Coster ◽

Cristina Banks-Leite ◽

Jean Paul Metzger

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Functional Traits ◽

Habitat Loss ◽

Species Turnover ◽

Bird Species ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Functional Integrity ◽

New Community

Habitat loss often reduces the number of species as well as functional diversity. Dramatic effects to species composition have also been shown, but changes to functional composition have so far been poorly documented, partly owing to a lack of appropriate indices. We here develop three new community indices (i.e. functional integrity, community integrity of ecological groups and community specialization ) to investigate how habitat loss affects the diversity and composition of functional traits and species. We used data from more than 5000 individuals of 137 bird species captured in 57 sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a highly endangered biodiversity hotspot. Results indicate that habitat loss leads to a decrease in functional integrity while measures of functional diversity remain unchanged or are even positively affected. Changes to functional integrity were caused by (i) a decrease in the provisioning of some functions, and an increase in others; (ii) strong within-guild species turnover; and (iii) a replacement of specialists by generalists. Hence, communities from more deforested sites seem to provide different but not fewer functions. We show the importance of investigating changes to both diversity and composition of functional traits and species, as the effects of habitat loss on ecosystem functioning may be more complex than previously thought. Crucially, when only functional diversity is assessed, important changes to ecological functions may remain undetected and negative effects of habitat loss underestimated, thereby imperiling the application of effective conservation actions.

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Entomopathogenic fungi in Portuguese vineyards soils: suggesting a ‘Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method’ as bait-insects Galleria and Tenebrio significantly underestimate the respective recoveries of Metarhizium (robertsii) and Beauveria (bassiana)

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.38.26970 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lav Sharma ◽

Irene Oliveira ◽

Laura Torres ◽

Guilhermina Marques

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Principal Component ◽

Metarhizium Robertsii ◽

Bait Method ◽

Ecological Profiles ◽

Soil Habitat

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect-pests. However, EPF recoveries can be influenced by the soil habitat-type(s) incorporated and/or the bait-insect(s) used. Galleriamellonella (GM) as bait-insect, i.e. ‘Galleria-bait’, is arguably the most common methodology, which is sometimes used solely, to isolate EPF from soils. Insect baiting using Tenebriomolitor (TM) has also been employed occasionally. Here 183 soils were used to estimate the functional diversity of EPF in Portuguese Douro vineyards (cultivated habitat) and adjacent hedgerows (semi-natural habitat), using the TM bait method. Moreover, to study the effect of insect baiting on EPF recovery, 81 of these 183 soil samples were also tested for EPF occurrences using the GM bait method. Twelve species were found in 44.26% ± 3.67% of the total of 183 soils. Clonostachysroseaf.rosea was found in maximum soils (30.05% ± 3.38%), followed by Beauveriabassiana (12.57% ± 2.37%), Purpureocilliumlilacinum (9.29% ± 2.14%) and Metarhiziumrobertsii (6.01% ± 1.75%). Beauveriapseudobassiana (P < 0.001), C.roseaf.rosea (P = 0.006) and Cordycepscicadae (P=0.023) were isolated significantly more from hedgerows, highlighting their sensitivities towards agricultural disturbances. Beauveriabassiana (P = 0.038) and M.robertsii (P = 0.003) were isolated significantly more using GM and TM, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that M.robertsii was associated both with TM baiting and cultivated habitats, however, B.bassiana was slightly linked with GM baiting only. Ecological profiles of B.bassiana and P.lilacinum were quite similar while M.robertsii and C.roseaf.rosea were relatively distant and distinct. To us, this is the first report on (a) C.cicadae isolation from Mediterranean soils, (b) Purpureocilliumlavendulum as an EPF worldwide; and (c) significant recoveries of M.robertsii using TM over GM. Overall, a ‘Galleria-Tenebrio-bait method’ is advocated to study the functional diversity of EPF in agroecosystems.

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Towards a successful translocation of captive slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) in Borneo: a review and recommendations

10.1101/078535 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. M. G. van der Sandt

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Review Paper ◽

Wild Population ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Soft Or ◽

Slow Loris ◽

Release Area ◽

Animal Trade ◽

Malaysian Borneo

ABSTRACTWildlife in Southeast Asia is under threat mainly due to habitat loss and the illegal animal trade. Wild animals are rescued by wildlife centres and the slow loris (Nycticebus spp.) is one of them. After rehabilitation slow lorises are released into the wild and on average 26% is observed alive after at least ten weeks.The IUCN has established conditions under which captive wild animals can be translocated into their natural habitat. This review paper aims to give an overview of what has been published on release programs of captive slow lorises in order to improve translocations in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Five documented studies on translocation of slow lorises are summarised. I concentrated on: (1) species of captive slow loris, (2) health check, (3) pre-release habituation, (4) soft or hard release, (5) pre and post-release behavioural observations, (6) assessment of the release area: predators, habitat and protection. The recommendations for future releases are: (1) Study which slow loris species are rehabilitated in Bornean wildlife centres. (2) Study the behaviour of captive slow lorises. (3) Assess the slow loris species in the release area. (4) Study the behaviour and habitat use of the wild population. (5) Assess what predators are present in the release area.

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