scholarly journals Weighting effective number of species measures by abundance weakens detection of diversity responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cao ◽  
Charles P. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Effective Number ◽  
Number Of Species

scholarly journals Waterbird abundance and diversity along a stretch of Ganga River, India modified by construction of a barrage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Vasudeva ◽  
J.K. Garg ◽  
Ruchi Badola ◽  
Syed Ainul Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Channel Depth ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Shannon’S Index

AbstractDamming and diverting river water alters the channel characteristics and natural flow regime. The change in biotic and abiotic factors results in dissimilar habitat conditions upstream and downstream of the barrage. Given the habitat dissimilarity and therefore resource availability, we hypothesized the dissimilarity in waterbird abundance and species diversity in the river habitat upstream and downstream of the barrage. The study was conducted on a 24 km stretch of Ganga River at Narora, Uttar Pradesh, India. This stretch overlaps with a Ramsar site as well as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA). Bird sampling was done using transect count method for summer and winter season in 2017. The abundance was studied in relation to three habitat variables viz. channel depth, channel width and anthropogenic disturbances using Generalized Linear Model. A total of 140 species of birds were recorded. There was statistically significant difference in the abundance of waterbirds between upstream and downstream stretch in winter season (Mann-Whitney U, p < 0.05). During winters, migratory waterbirds especially ducks and geese occupied the deep water upstream of barrage, while the downstream was mostly occupied by terns and cormorants. Waterbird species diversity was higher in downstream during winters (Effective Number of Species=28; Shannon’s Index= 3.35) and higher in upstream during summer (Effective Number of Species=25, Shannon’s Index=2.87). Channel width, channel depth and anthropogenic disturbance influenced waterbird abundance in both the seasons (Generalized Linear Model; p < 0.05). The influence of channel depth varied with season for the upstream stretch.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic effective sample size

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bartoszek
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Normal Process ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn this paper I address the question — how large is a phylogenetic sample? I propose a definition of a phylogenetic effective sample size for Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes — the regression effective sample size. I discuss how mutual information can be used to define an effective sample size in the non-normal process case and compare these two definitions to an already present concept of effective sample size (the mean effective sample size). Through a simulation study I find that the AICc is robust if one corrects for the number of species or effective number of species. Lastly I discuss how the concept of the phylogenetic effective sample size can be useful for biodiversity quantification, identification of interesting clades and deciding on the importance of phylogenetic correlations.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity measures based on Hill numbers

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1558) ◽  
pp. 3599-3609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Chao ◽  
Chun-Huo Chiu ◽  
Lou Jost
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Hill Numbers

We propose a parametric class of phylogenetic diversity (PD) measures that are sensitive to both species abundance and species taxonomic or phylogenetic distances. This work extends the conventional parametric species-neutral approach (based on ‘effective number of species’ or Hill numbers) to take into account species relatedness, and also generalizes the traditional phylogenetic approach (based on ‘total phylogenetic length’) to incorporate species abundances. The proposed measure quantifies ‘the mean effective number of species’ over any time interval of interest, or the ‘effective number of maximally distinct lineages’ over that time interval. The product of the measure and the interval length quantifies the ‘branch diversity’ of the phylogenetic tree during that interval. The new measures generalize and unify many existing measures and lead to a natural definition of taxonomic diversity as a special case. The replication principle (or doubling property), an important requirement for species-neutral diversity, is generalized to PD. The widely used Rao's quadratic entropy and the phylogenetic entropy do not satisfy this essential property, but a simple transformation converts each to our measures, which do satisfy the property. The proposed approach is applied to forest data for interpreting the effects of thinning.

Necrophagous Fly Assembly: Evaluation of Species Bait Preference in Field Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vilte ◽  
R M Gleiser ◽  
M Battán Horenstein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Assembly Evaluation ◽  
Chicken Viscera

Abstract The assembly of species that colonize animal organic matter, their relative abundance, and dynamics are affected by the environmental and biogeographical conditions to which these resources are exposed. Baited trap studies are essential for research on the diversity, seasonality, distribution and population dynamics of necrophagous flies. Decomposing baits provide the necessary stimulus for flies to aggregate on them. In this study, three types of bait of animal origin with different organic chemical composition were compared in terms of the diversity, richness, abundance, and species composition of saprophagous flies species that were attracted to them. Bone-meal (BM), cow liver (CL), and rotten chicken viscera (CV) were used as bait to collect flies. In total, 3,387 Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae adult flies were collected. The most abundant species were Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann 1830), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann 1818) (Diptera: Muscidae). The type of bait had significant effects on both the total richness (F2,18 = 57.08; P &lt; 0.0001) and the effective number of species (F2,18 = 12.81; P = 0.0003) per trap. The average richness was higher in traps baited with chicken viscera, followed by cow liver and finally by bone-meal. The composition of cow liver and bone meal species constitute subsets of the species collected with chicken viscera, thus using the three baits would not increase the number of species detected. These results indicate that chicken viscera is the most efficient bait for testing or assessing necrophagous fly diversity.

scholarly journals What do we mean by diversity? The path towards quantification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Jost
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Simple Count ◽  
Biological Reasoning

The concept of biological diversity has evolved from a simple count of species to more sophisticated measures that are sensitive to relative abundances and even to evolutionary divergence times between species. In the course of this evolution, diversity measures have often been borrowed from other disciplines. Biological reasoning about diversity often implicitly assumed that measures of diversity had certain mathematical properties, but most of biology’s traditional diversity measures did not actually possess these properties, a situation which often led to mathematically and biologically invalid inferences. Biologists now usually transform the traditional measures to «effective number of species», whose mathematics does support most of the rules of inference that biologists apply to them. Effective number of species, then, seems to capture most (though not all) of what biologists mean by diversity.

Globally endangered butterflies (Lepidoptera) protected in the natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky»

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
V. O. Makhina ◽  
K. S. Buchnieva ◽  
O. E. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Red List ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Northern Species

Floodplain valley of the Dnieper river midstream is a unique natural complex, having a great bìogeographical, ecological, environmental, historical and recreational values. In 1990, the Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky» was established within the area. The Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky» is environmentally protected site within the Dnipropetrovsk region, Dnipropetrovsk oblast, Ukraine. This reserve occupies part of the Dnieper river valley and marshy and reedy banks of Protovch river (existing bed of Oril river). It was created by Regulation of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 15 September 1990, No. 262, based on common zoological and ornitological Nature reserves «Taromskì plavni» and «Obukhovskie zaplavy». On the territory of the Natural reserve «Dniprovsko-Orilsky», they were registered 32 Lepidoptera species listed in the List of Threatened Species at different categories (5 species in IUCN Red List ; 18 in Red Data Book of Ukraine; 7 in European Red List of plants and animals endangered on a global scale; 31 in Red Book of Dnipropetrovsk oblast). The main scientific materials were author’s collections from area of research and materials of entomological funds, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University (mostly Memorial Collection of V. O. Barsov). Field surveys covered all the ecosystems basic on size and degree of protection. The author’s researches have conducted over the past decade during annual expeditions to the Reserve. Taxonomic structure of the complex is quite diverse, and represented by all the major families of higher millers and rhopalocera, having protectedstatus. In relation to taxonomy, this complex formed by representatives of five superfamilies (Zyganoidea, Noctuoidea, Bombycoidea, Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) from 11 families (Zygaenidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Noctuidae Arctiidae Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Satyridae, Lycaenidae). High taxonomic diversity can be explained by unique geographical location of the reserve in azonal conditions of the Dnieper river valley. Such location allows to enter different zoogeographic Lepidoptera groups on the reserve territory. Zoogeographic analysis of species protected within the reserve territory selected 7 basic groups. It was found that most of the globally rare species have Mediterranean origin (39 %); species of Palearctic origin are in second place (22 %); Western Palearctic and Ponto-Kazakh types of areas are same of number of species, and come third (11 %); and others come 17 % (European, Euro-Siberian, and Holarctic). This fauna component is specific due to presence of so-called «northern» species that make up 40 % (representatives of Palearctic, Western Palearctic, Euro-Siberian, European and Holarctic groups). Their existence within the reserve territory is only possible due to development of boreal valley ecosystems. High taxonomic diversity can be explained by unique geographical location of the reserve in azonal conditions of the Dnieper river valley. Such location allows to enter different zoogeographic Lepidoptera groups on the reserve territory. Zoogeographic analysis of species protected within the reserve territory selected 7 basic groups. It was found that most of the globally rare species have Mediterranean origin (39 %); species of Palearctic origin are in second place (22 %); Western Palearctic and Ponto-Kazakh types of areas are same of number of species, and come third (11 %); and others come 17 % (European, Euro-Siberian, and Holarctic). This fauna component is specific due to presence of so-called «northern» species that make up 40 % (representatives of Palearctic, Western Palearctic, Euro-Siberian, European and Holarctic groups). Their existence within the reserve territory is only possible due to development of boreal valley ecosystems.

Peculiarities of seasonal changes of taxonomic structure and number of weevil-beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of herptobios in Kharkiv urbocenoses (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Komaromi ◽  
A.V. Putchkov ◽  
V.Yu. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Dynamic Density ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Minimal Quantity ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Suburban Forests ◽  
The City ◽  
Increased Activity

A total of 54 species in 35 genera of Curculionidae are registered in the urbocenoses of Kharkiv city. Only three species, Exomias pellucidus, Otiorhynchus raucus and Ot. ovatus, are recorded as dominants. Some other species (Urometopus nemorum, Sciaphobus squalidus and Glocianus punctiger) are sporadically noted in some sites as subdominants. The total number of species turned out to be higher in the herpetobios of plantings at periphery (31), slightly lower in private farmlands of the city (21), parks and plantings of the center (17 each), but minimal in suburban forests (11 species). The highest quantity of specimens were observed for the plantations of the center and margins of city: nevertheless, minimal quantity of specimens was registered at parks and woods. The maximum number of species (including all cenoses) was recorded from the end of April to first decade of May (28 species). From May to the end of June 15–18 species were registered. Ten species were recorded at July, and only six species at August. A slight rise was noted from the end of August to mid-September (11 species). In biotopes where Exomias pellucidus appeared to be the monodominant, the seasonal dynamic density of weevils reached a peak at late May or early June, but the significant decline was observed from early June to July. At the sites with several dominants, two or three peaks were registered: at spring (May) and at mid-summer (end of June or beginning of July). Furthermore, the number of weevils decreased gradually, but some species of Curculionidae were rather abundant even from the end of summer to September–October. The spring increase is reasoned by high density of species in the genus Otiorhynchus; the peak in early summer (maximum) is caused by the increased activity of majority of dominant species; the autumn peak is also caused by the high number of species of the genus Otiorhynchus. The level of sex index (by the example of E. pellucidus) differed significantly at all plots. It was higher for the plantations at the periphery of the city (0.70), and it was minimal at private farmlands (0.20). Relative conjugacy of sex index and dynamic density were not observed: the maximum abundances of quantity of Curculionidae were recorded 20–30 days earlier than the maximal numbers of the sex index.

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gubała ◽  
Bronisław Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Rhinolophus Hipposideros ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Horseshoe Bat

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland) Six bat species were observed during winter censuses in years 2005-2009: Lesser horseshoe bat, Mouse-eared bat, Daubenton's bat, Whiskered/Brandt's bat, Northern bat and Brown long-eared bat. Rhinolophus hipposideros was most numerous (67% of all bats recorded). Largest hibernaculum on Polish side of range was mine Bania w Jarmucie, with maximum 29 bats during a single control, through the years of research number of species and individuals was increasing. Rarely seen in Outer Carpathians Eptesicus nilssonii winter roost was found in Homole Ravine Reserve.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document