scholarly journals Phenological shift along an elevational gradient and dispersal of pollen and seeds maintain a hybrid zone between two cherry tree species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahoko Tochigi ◽  
Kato Shuri ◽  
Satoshi Kikuchi ◽  
Shoji Naoe ◽  
Shinsuke Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Phenological Shift

scholarly journals Prediction of Plant Phenological Shift under Climate Change in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9276
Author(s):  
Ha Kyung Lee ◽  
So Jeong Lee ◽  
Min Kyung Kim ◽  
Sang Don Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Prunus Yedoensis ◽  
Forsythia Koreana ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenological Shift

Information on the phenological shift of plants can be used to detect climate change and predict changes in the ecosystem. In this study, the changes in first flowering dates (FFDs) of the plum tree (Prunus mume), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), Korean rosebay (Rhododendron mucronulatum), cherry tree (Prunus yedoensis), and peach tree (Prunus persica) in Korea during 1920–2019 were investigated. In addition, the changes in the climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and their relationship with the FFDs were analyzed. The changes in the temperature and precipitation during the January–February–March period and the phenological shifts of all research species during 1920–2019 indicate that warm and dry spring weather advances the FFDs. Moreover, the temperature has a greater impact on this phenological shift than precipitation. Earlier flowering species are more likely to advance their FFDs than later flowering species. Hence, the temporal asynchrony among plant species will become worse with climate change. In addition, the FFDs in 2100 were predicted based on representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The difference between the predicted FFDs of the RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 for 2100 was significant; the effectiveness of greenhouse gas policies will presumably determine the degree of the plant phenological shift in the future. Furthermore, we presented the predicted FFDs for 2100.

scholarly journals Production potential and stability of a broadleaved mixed oak/hornbeam forest stand situated on a eutrophic site, Ždánický les

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Václav Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Wild Service Tree

The paper focuses on assessing the growth and production of a mixed oak/hornbeam forest stand established by combined regeneration in 1940 to 1942. The stand is situated at an altitude of 460 m. Since 1961, it is left to its natural development. The 25–year–old stand was characterized as an individually mixed, both diameter- and height-differentiated pole-stage stand. The proportion of tree species was as follows: sessile oak 77 %, hornbeam 19 %, birch 1 %, lime 1 %, black poplar 1 %, wild cherry tree, wild service tree, and field maple. During 41 years of measurements, the proportion of oak slightly decreased to 76 %, on the other hand, the proportion of hornbeam increased to 22%. The initial growing stock of the 25–year–old stand, 75 m3.ha−1, increased to 323 m3.ha−1 at an age of 66 years in 2008. At present, current volume increment ranged between 6.3 m3.ha−1.year−1 and 11.6 m3.ha−1.year−1 during years 1967 and 1998. Since the age of 61, the growth of the stand has decreased and then even ceased due to increased mortality of oak.

scholarly journals Cold Acclimation Increases Freeze Tolerance in Acacia koa, a Tropical Tree Species Occurring over a Wide Elevational Gradient

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Lilian M. Ayala-Jacobo ◽  
Keith E. Woeste ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Acacia Koa

Frost damage is among the major limitations to reforestation and forest restoration projects worldwide. Investigations of environmental and genetic effects on frost resistance have focused on boreal and temperate tree species rather than tropical trees. Koa (Acacia koa A. Gray) is a valuable tropical hardwood tree species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, USA. Koa occurs across a wide elevational gradient, and newly planted trees are subject to winter frost at high elevations. We sought to determine whether different koa populations show variation in freeze hardiness as a cold-tolerance mechanism, and whether exposure to hardening conditions prior to frost exposure can modify koa cold-tolerance adaptation. Seeds from 13 populations of koa (Acacia koa A. Gray) were collected across an elevational range (603–2050 m) on the Island of Hawai’i. Four-month-old seedlings grown from the 13 population seed sources were divided into control (non-acclimated) and cold-acclimated treatments, maintained at 26 °C/22 °C (day/night) or exposed to gradually decreasing temperatures to 8 °C/4 °C (day/night), respectively. After six weeks, control and cold-acclimated seedlings from each population were tested for freeze tolerance by electrolyte leakage at five test temperatures ranging from 5 °C (control) to −20 °C. Treatment effects were mainly observed at the lowest test temperatures (−15 and −20 °C). A higher index of cold damage occurred in the non-acclimated seedlings for most of the populations. Several of our higher elevation populations showed greater cold tolerance than populations from lower elevations, particularly when cold-acclimated. Our results suggest that cold acclimation may increase frost hardiness in a tropical forest tree species, and that there is likely some adaptive variation in frost tolerance among populations from different elevations. Cold acclimation could be a useful tool to prepare koa seedlings to be planted in high-elevation sites prone to freezing winter temperatures.

scholarly journals Environmental filters determine the distribution of tree species in a threatened biodiversity hotspot in western Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Arenas-Navarro ◽  
Felipe García-Oliva ◽  
Andrés Torres-Miranda ◽  
Oswaldo Téllez-Valdés ◽  
Ken Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Tree Species Richness ◽  
Quercus Species

Background: Analyzing interactions between vegetation and environmental factors at regional scales provide information for the understanding of species assemblages. Hypotheses: Environmental restrictions at higher elevations produce a decreasing species richness pattern along an elevational gradient and the climatic variables related to temperature and precipitation are the main filters of species distribution. Objectives: (1) To identify the different assemblages of tree species occurring in a biodiversity hotspot; (2) to analyze the pattern of tree species richness along an elevational gradient; and (3) to analyze the environmental filters that determine the species distribution. Study site: Serranías Meridionales of Jalisco in western Mexico. Period of study: 2016-2018. Methods: Thirty-three rectangular 0.1 ha plots were established for vegetation and environmental characterization. Cluster and canonical correspondence analyses were conducted to analyze tree species composition. We defined three groups of variables (climatic, relief and soil) to evaluate the influence of environmental filters. We used generalized linear models to assess the contribution of each group to the spatial variation in species richness. Results: A total of 63 tree species were recorded. The cluster analysis defined eight groups within three forest types. The species richness showed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradient and the climatic and soil variables explained a considerable amount of variation in the species richness. Conclusions: The tree species richness in the Serranías Meridionales de Jalisco is dominated by a striking number of Pinus and Quercus species. This biodiversity hotspot is an important site for the understanding of tree ecological diversification in Mexico.

scholarly journals Structure of the montane taiga forests of West Khentii, Northern Mongolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mühlenberg ◽  
J. Appelfelder ◽  
H. Hoffmann ◽  
E. Ayush ◽  
K.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Siberian Pine

Studies were undertaken to investigate the composition, structure and diversity of four different types of North Mongolian montane forest near the southern border of the taiga. These forest types, classified as willow-poplar, larch-birch, spruce-fir and Siberian-pine forests, were found to be significantly different with respect to the elevational gradient. In the study area, two fire regimes could be distinguished at lower and drier elevations, frequent surface fires resulted in less diverse forests comprising coniferous species, which in their adult form were found to be fire-resistant, burn-colonizing and light-demanding deciduous tree species. In contrast, the forests colonizing the moist, higher elevations and shaded slopes had a higher diversity of tree species with greater basal area, higher proportion of deadwood, and more regenerating trees; here the coniferous shade trees experienced infrequent but destructive treetop fires. Overall, our results showed that the four forest types differed in composition according to the tree species, diameter and height classes.    

scholarly journals Impact of Temperature and Wetness of Summer Months on Autumn Vegetative Phenological Phases of Selected Species in Fageto‑Quercetum in the Years 2011–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Škvareninová ◽  
Darina Babálová ◽  
Ján Valach ◽  
Zora Snopková
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Leaf Colouring ◽  
Phenological Phases

The work presents the result of the drought impact on the onset and the development of autumn phenological phases of tree species (Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Prunus avium L.) in the central part of Slovakia. The selected autumn phenological phases of tree species were observed in the years from 2011 to 2015. From meteorological parameters we examined precipitation, number of tropical days, and their periods from June to August. We revealed distinct differences in air temperature and precipitation between the years, which affected the onset of individual phenological phases. Based on the calculations of the Thornthwaite moisture index and climatic water balance, the year 2014 was wet (except for June) with the shortest periods of tropical days. The extreme drought and the longest 13‑day period of tropical days in the year 2015 shifted leaf colouring of hornbeam and cherry tree by 16 and 22 days earlier and the leaf fall by 5 and 16 days earlier than the average of the period from 2011 to 2015. Oak was the least sensitive to the weather extremes, which was documented by a balanced course of the phenological phases with the lowest variation. The 5‑year‑long average onset of the autumn phenophases of oak and hornbeam was shifted by 1 – 4 days later and of cherry tree by 4 days earlier than the 25‑year‑long average.

scholarly journals Rooting dynamics of Brazilian cherry tree minicuttings

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Geniane Ozelame ◽  
Luana Affonso ◽  
Thaís Cappellaro ◽  
Márcia Schuch ◽  
Zeni Tomaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Plastic Bags

The expansion of Brazilian cherry tree cultivation is affected by propagation difficulties and slow seedling production development. The cuttings and minicuttings technique is an alternative that offers several advantages, and it proved to be highly promising for many fruit tree species. Minicuttings taken from a clonal garden were rooted in 22 x 14 x 10 cm plastic boxes containing vermiculite, at IAB concentration of 2.000 mg.L-1. The experimental design was totally randomized with eight treatments (cultivation weeks), with four replications, with five minicuttings each. They were evaluated eight times (once a week), for a period of two months. The following variables were analyzed: number of swollen minicuttings, rooted minicuttings and minicuttings with roots longer than 1 cm. From the third week onwards, rooting was positive, with 70% of rooted minicuttings and 5% with swellings. In the fourth evaluation, 55% already showed roots longer than one centimeter, with a mean of 2.66 cm, five with roots emergence and three with swellings. In general, in seven weeks’ time the minicuttings showed efficient root development and were ready to be transplanted to plastic bags to develop quality seedlings.

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