Close association of active nitrifiers withBeggiatoamats covering deep-sea hydrothermal sediments

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1612-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Winkel ◽  
Dirk de Beer ◽  
Gaute Lavik ◽  
Jörg Peplies ◽  
Marc Mußmann
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Sulfate Reduction and Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kallmeyer ◽  
Antje Boetius
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation ◽  
Guaymas Basin ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

ABSTRACT Rates of sulfate reduction (SR) and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in hydrothermal deep-sea sediments from Guaymas Basin were measured at temperatures of 5 to 200°C and pressures of 1 × 105, 2.2 × 107, and 4.5 × 107 Pa. A maximum SR of several micromoles per cubic centimeter per day was found at between 60 and 95°C and 2.2 × 107 and 4.5 × 107 Pa. Maximal AOM was observed at 35 to 90°C but generally accounted for less than 5% of SR.

scholarly journals Unique viruses that infect Archaea related to eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M Rambo ◽  
Valerie De Anda ◽  
Marguerite V Langwig ◽  
Brett J Baker
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Archaeal Viruses ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Large Dna Viruses ◽  
Globally Distributed

Asgard archaea are newly described microbes that are related to eukaryotes. Asgards are diverse and globally distributed, however, their viruses have not been described. Here we characterize seven viral genomes that infected Lokiarchaeota, Helarchaeota, and Thorarchaeota in deep-sea hydrothermal sediments. These viruses code for structural proteins similar to those in Caudovirales, as well as proteins distinct from those described in archaeal viruses. They also have genes common in eukaryotic nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), and are predicted to be capable of semi-autonomous genome replication, repair, epigenetic modifications, and transcriptional regulation. Moreover, Helarchaeota viruses may hijack host ubiquitin systems similar to eukaryotic viruses. This first glimpse of Asgard viruses reveals they have features of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, and provides insights into their roles in the ecology and evolution of these globally distributed microbes.

Symbiosis

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maynard Smith ◽  
Eors Szathmary
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Units Of Selection ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Gaia Hypothesis ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Independent Existence

The establishment of a permanent and obligate coexistence of genetic entities that were once capable of independent existence played an important part in the origin of the eukaryotes, and, if our earlier speculations are correct, in the origin of cells and chromosomes. In this chapter, we discuss other examples of symbiosis. The term is used to include all cases in which two or more different kinds of organism live in close association: thus it extends from parasitism to mutualism. Mutualism has been defined as a relationship from which both partners benefit. However, as will become clearer below, it is hard to measure, or even to define, ‘benefits’: in what sense is a mitochondrion today better off than its once free-living ancestors? The two questions that we shall ask are: • What are the selective force acting on the two partners in present-day symbioses? • Could such selective forces lead to the establishment of permanent and obligate coexistence? First, however, we review briefly some of the ecologically more important symbioses (for further examples, see Pirozynski & Hawksworth, 1988; Margulis & Fester, 1991). We mention only a fraction of the known mutualistic associations. Others, including cases of interaction between animals and prokaryotes, are discussed below. It is striking that symbiotic relationships have been important in the utilization by plants of nutrient-poor soils, the colonization of bare rock, life in deep-sea vents, the construction of coral reefs, and the utilization of plant material by several groups of insects. Sonea (1991; see also Sonea & Panisset, 1983) has pictured the world of bacteria as a single superorganism, whose individual component cells rely for their survival on ecological exchange of metabolites, and on genetic exchange via plasmids and phages. This picture has the virtue of emphasizing the important role played by plasmids and temperate phages in conferring on individual bacterial cells capacities needed in particular environments—for example, resistance to antibiotics, tolerance of heavy metals and new metabolic abilities. But the picture suffers from the drawback that is fatal to all holistic models of evolution, from the Gaia hypothesis downwards, of losing all sight of the units of selection, and hence of lacking any model of the dynamics of evolutionary change.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal activity lowers trophic diversity in Antarctic hydrothermal sediments

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5705-5725 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Bell ◽  
William D. K. Reid ◽  
David A. Pearce ◽  
Adrian G. Glover ◽  
Christopher J. Sweeting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Niche Area

Abstract. Hydrothermal sediments are those in which hydrothermal fluid is discharged through sediments and are one of the least studied deep-sea ecosystems. We present a combination of microbial and biochemical data to assess trophodynamics between and within hydrothermal and background areas of the Bransfield Strait (1050–1647 m of depth). Microbial composition, biomass, and fatty acid signatures varied widely between and within hydrothermally active and background sites, providing evidence of diverse metabolic activity. Several species had different feeding strategies and trophic positions between hydrothermally active and inactive areas, and the stable isotope values of consumers were not consistent with feeding morphology. Niche area and the diversity of microbial fatty acids was lowest at the most hydrothermally active site, reflecting trends in species diversity. Faunal uptake of chemosynthetically produced organics was relatively limited but was detected at both hydrothermal and non-hydrothermal sites, potentially suggesting that hydrothermal activity can affect trophodynamics over a much wider area than previously thought.

scholarly journals Manganese(II)-Oxidizing Bacillus Spores in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Sediments and Plumes

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3184-3190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Dick ◽  
Yifan E. Lee ◽  
Bradley M. Tebo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Microbial Oxidation ◽  
Guaymas Basin ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Bacillus Spores ◽  
Oxidation Properties

ABSTRACT Microbial oxidation and precipitation of manganese at deep-sea hydrothermal vents are important oceanic biogeochemical processes, yet nothing is known about the types of microorganisms or mechanisms involved. Here we report isolation of a number of diverse spore-forming Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus species from Guaymas Basin, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment in the Gulf of California, where rapid microbially mediated Mn(II) oxidation was previously observed. mnxG multicopper oxidase genes involved in Mn(II) oxidation were amplified from all Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus spores isolated, suggesting that a copper-mediated mechanism of Mn(II) oxidation could be important at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and mnxG genes revealed that while many of the deep-sea Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus species are very closely related to previously recognized isolates from coastal sediments, other organisms represent novel strains and clusters. The growth and Mn(II) oxidation properties of these Bacillus species suggest that in hydrothermal sediments they are likely present as spores that are active in oxidizing Mn(II) as it emerges from the seafloor.

Metagenomic Signatures of Microbial Communities in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Sediments of Azores Vent Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cerqueira ◽  
Cristina Barroso ◽  
Hugo Froufe ◽  
Conceição Egas ◽  
Raul Bettencourt
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments

scholarly journals Population structure of Bathymodiolus manusensis, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent-dependent mussel from Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Thaler ◽  
William Saleu ◽  
Jens Carlsson ◽  
Thomas F. Schultz ◽  
Cindy L. Van Dover
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Close Association ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Manus Basin ◽  
The Western Pacific

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the western Pacific are increasingly being assessed for their potential mineral wealth. To anticipate the potential impacts on biodiversity and connectivity among populations at these vents, environmental baselines need to be established. Bathymodiolus manusensis is a deep-sea mussel found in close association with hydrothermal vents in Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Using multiple genetic markers (cytochrome C-oxidase subunit-1 sequencing and eight microsatellite markers), we examined population structure at two sites in Manus Basin separated by 40 km and near a potential mining prospect, where the species has not been observed. No population structure was detected in mussels sampled from these two sites. We also compared a subset of samples with B. manusensis from previous studies to infer broader population trends. The genetic diversity observed can be used as a baseline against which changes in genetic diversity within the population may be assessed following the proposed mining event.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Hyperthermophilic Piezophilic Archaeon Palaeococcus pacificus DY20341 T , Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Sediments

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zeng ◽  
Mohamed Jebbar ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sediment Sample ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Hydrothermal Fields

We report the genome sequence of Palaeococcus pacificus DY20341 T , isolated from a sediment sample collected from eastern Pacific Ocean hydrothermal fields, which is the first report of a complete genome for a Palaeococcus species. The genome sequence will help to better understand differentiation phylogenetic relationships and evolution of several Thermococcales species.

scholarly journals Association between the squat lobsterGastroptychus formosusand cold-water corals in the North Atlantic

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Le Guilloux ◽  
J.M. Hall-Spencer ◽  
M.K. Söffker ◽  
K. Olu
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
The North ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea Corals ◽  
By Catch

Although there are no previous descriptions of the habits of chirostylids in the North Atlantic, it is likely that species in the generaUroptychus,EumunidaandGastroptychushave close ecological ties with deep-sea corals since they have all been recorded in trawl samples containing corals from >200 m depth. We analysedin situdistribution ofGastroptychus formosusand potential hosts using a ROV at a range of north-eastern Atlantic sites and found that this species forms a close association with deep-sea corals that resembles the chirostylid–anthozoan associations reported in shallow Indo-Pacific waters. We update the known distribution forG. formosus, confirming that it is an amphiatlantic species that occurs along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at least as far south as the Azores and along continental margins from the Canary Islands to Scotland at depths of 600–1700 m. The adults have very specific habitat preferences, being only found on gorgonian and antipatharian corals with a strong preference forLeiopathessp. as a host. This highly restricted habitat preference is likely to render chirostylids vulnerable to the impacts of demersal fishing both directly, as by-catch, and indirectly through habitat loss.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document