scholarly journals Sensitive quantification of dipicolinic acid from bacterial endospores in soils and sediments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne E. Rattray ◽  
Anirban Chakraborty ◽  
Carmen Li ◽  
Gretta Elizondo ◽  
Nisha John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Soils And Sediments

Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jeton the Viability of Bacillus subtilis Endospores

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Vinita Sharma ◽  
Katsuhiko Hosoi ◽  
Tamio Mori ◽  
Shin-ichi Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Ar Gas

In this study, we conducted experiments to investigate the effectiveness of a non-equilibrium Ar-N2 plasma jet generated by a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch (CAPPLAT) at a sinusoidal voltage of 20 kV, frequency of 30 kHz with 10 slm of Ar gas and 100 sccm of N2 gas. Highly environmental stress resistant bacterial endospores of Bacillus subtilis, dried on an agar disc were exposed to the plasma discharge from the CAPPLAT for different durations. The viability of spores after plasma exposure was checked by counting CFUs by serial dilution method. We also measured the amount of released DPA (dipicolinic acid, pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid), which is exclusively found in endospore protoplast (cortex), to confirm the disintegration of the cortex. We could successfully inactivate a population of Bacillus endospores of about 1.0 × 107 to 4.0 × 107 spores/ml.

Comparison of Pressure and Heat Resistance of Clostridium botulinum and Other Endospores in Mashed Carrots

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2530-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIRK MARGOSCH ◽  
MATTHIAS A. EHRMANN ◽  
MICHAEL G. GÄNZLE ◽  
RUDI F. VOGEL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Thermoanaerobacterium Thermosaccharolyticum ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
High Pressure Process ◽  
Pressure Resistance

Inactivation of bacterial endospores in food requires a combination of pressure and moderate heat. Endospore resistance of seven Clostridium botulinum strains was compared with those of Bacillus spp. (B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. smithii, B. amyloliquefaciens) and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum with respect to pressure (600 to 800 MPa) and temperature (80 to 116°C) treatments in mashed carrots. A large variation was observed in the pressure resistance of C. botulinum spores. Their reduction after treatments with 600 MPa at 80°C for 1 s ranged from more than 5.5 log units to no reduction. Spores of the proteolytic C. botulinum TMW 2.357 exhibited a greater resistance to pressure than spores from all other bacteria examined, with the exception of B. amyloliquefaciens. Heat resistance of spores did not correlate with pressure resistance, either within strains of C. botulinum or when C. botulinum spores were compared with spores of T. thermosaccharolyticum. A quantitative release of dipicolinic acid was observed from C. botulinum spores on combined pressure and temperature treatments only after inactivation of more than 99.999% of the spores. Thus, dipicolinic acid is released by a physicochemical rather than a physiological process. The resistance of spores to combined pressure and temperature treatments correlated with their ability to retain dipicolinic acid. B. amyloliquefaciens, a mesophilic organism that forms highly pressure-resistant spores is proposed as a nonpathogenic target organism for high-pressure process development.

One-step conversion of dipicolinic acid to its dimethyl ester using monomethyl sulfate salts for GC-MS detection of bacterial endospores

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Nackos ◽  
Tai V. Truong ◽  
Trenton C. Pulsipher ◽  
Jon A. Kimball ◽  
H. Dennis Tolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Ms Detection ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
One Step ◽  
Sulfate Salts

scholarly journals Detection of Bacterial Endospores in Soil by Terbium Fluorescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brandes Ammann ◽  
Linda Kölle ◽  
Helmut Brandl
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Dry Soil

Spore formation is a survival mechanism of microorganisms when facing unfavorable environmental conditions resulting in “dormant” states. We investigated the occurrence of bacterial endospores in soils from various locations including grasslands (pasture, meadow), allotment gardens, and forests, as well as fluvial sediments. Bacterial spores are characterized by their high content of dipicolinic acid (DPA). In the presence of terbium, DPA forms a complex showing a distinctive photoluminescence spectrum. DPA was released from soil by microwaving or autoclaving. The addition of aluminium chloride reduced signal quenching by interfering compounds such as phosphate. The highest spore content (up to 109spores per gram of dry soil) was found in grassland soils. Spore content is related to soil type, to soil depth, and to soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Our study might provide a basis for the detection of “hot spots” of bacterial spores in soil.

scholarly journals Detecting dipicolinic acid production and biosynthesis pathways in Bacilli and Clostridia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gordon ◽  
Paul Duellman ◽  
Anthony Salvucci ◽  
Marthah De Lorme
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Genetic Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACTBacterial endospores are highly resistant structures and dipicolinic acid is a key component of their resilience and stability. Due to the difficulty in controlling endospore contaminants, they are of interest in clean rooms, food processing, and production industries, while benefical endospore-formers are sought for potential utility. Dipicolinic acid production has traditionally been recognized in Bacilli, Clostridia, and Paenibacilli. Here, sixty-seven strains of aerobic and anaerobic endospore-forming bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Clostridium, Fontibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Rummeliibacillus, and Terribacillus were grown axenically and sporulated biomasses were assayed for dipicolinic acid production using fluorimetric detection. Strains testing positive were sequenced and the genomes analyzed to identify dipicolinic acid biosynthesis genes. The well-characterized biosynthesis pathway was conserved in 59 strains of Bacilli and Paenibacilli as well as two strains of Clostridia; six strains of Clostridia lacked homologs to genes recognized as involved in dipicolinic acid biosynthesis. Our results confirm dipicolinic acid production across different classes and families of Firmicutes. We find that members of Clostridium (cluster I) lack recognized dipicolinic acid biosynthesis genes and propose an alternate genetic pathway in these strains. Finally, we explore why the extent and mechanism of dipicolinic acid production in endospore-forming bacteria should be fully understood. We believe that understanding the mechanism by which dipicolinic acid is produced can expand the methods to utilize endospore-forming bacteria, such as novel bacterial strains added to products, for genes to create inputs for the polymer industry and to be better equipped to control contaminating spores in industrial processes.

Mutants of Bacillus cereus strain T that produce thermoresistant spores lacking dipicolinate and have low levels of calcium

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hanson ◽  
M. V. Curry ◽  
J. V. Garner ◽  
H. Orin Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Low Levels

Mutants of Bacillus cereus strain T that produce thermoresistant spores which lack dipicolinic acid and have low levels of calcium and manganese have been isolated. The thermoresistant dipicolinate-less spores lose thermoresistance upon storage in distilled water and do not germinate in any liquid medium tested. All spores germinated and produced colonies on G medium agar. It is suggested that calcium and dipicolinic acid are not required for the acquisition of thermoresistance in bacterial endospores but that they are essential to the maintenance of the thermorésistant state and are required for normal germination.

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