Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Controversial Issue

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly common public health problem that increases the risk of death because of cardiovascular complications by 2–3 times compared with the general population. This research concerns a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. The participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: the study group (group A; 46 patients) received 4 capsules (2.4 g) of omega-3 fatty acids daily during the 12-week intervention, while patients in the control group (group B; 47 patients) received 4 capsules of paraffin oil. The patients’ general characteristics, nutritional indicators, renal disease markers and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) were evaluated. No differences were found between the general characteristics of the patients (P < 0.05), and no differences were shown in the nutritional indicators and markers of kidney disease (P < 0.05). Patients in group A showed significant decreases in levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α, and the IL-10/IL-6 ratio after 12 weeks of supplementation (P < 0.05). Patients in group B did not show any significant changes in concentrations of inflammatory markers during the intervention (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oral supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids produces a significant decrease in the concentrations of inflammation markers in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Novelty Oral supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids produced significant decreases in the concentrations of inflammation markers. This supplementation could be given to patients with uremic syndrome and coronary heart disease to reduce cardiovascular risk.

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Plasma and urinary F2-isoprostane markers of oxidative stress are increased in cats with early (stage 1) chronic kidney disease

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x20969358 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1098612X2096935

Author(s):

Martin Granick ◽

Allison S Leuin ◽

Lauren A Trepanier

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Late Stage ◽

Early Stage ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Renal Diet ◽

Stage 1

Objectives Oxidative stress contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in humans and rodent models; F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) are established biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our primary aim was to evaluate plasma F2-IsoPs in cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 1 and 2 CKD, compared with healthy cats, and to determine whether plasma and urinary F2-IsoPs are equivalent biomarkers. The secondary aim was to assess whether consumption of a renal diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids led to improvements in plasma and urinary F2-IsoPs. Methods Plasma and urinary F2-IsoPs were measured in 24 cats with stage 1 or 2 CKD, and 12 unaffected controls aged ⩾6 years. Twelve CKD cats were re-evaluated after feeding a commercial renal diet for at least 4 weeks. Results Median plasma F2-IsoPs were significantly higher in stage 1 CKD (96.2 pg/ml), early stage 2 CKD (83.2 pg/ml) and late stage 2 CKD (80.8 pg/ml) compared with healthy cats (22.8 pg/ml; P = 0.03−0.002). Median urinary F2-IsoPs were significantly higher in cats with stage 1 CKD (231.2 pg/mg) compared with healthy cats (152.5 pg/mg) or cats with late stage 2 CKD (124.8 pg/mg; P = 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoPs remained increased, while urinary F2-IsoPs fell with transition from stage 1 to stage 2 CKD. Feeding a commercial renal diet led to significant decreases in plasma F2-IsoPs in the small group of cats with stage 1 CKD (25−75% decrease) compared with cats with stage 2 CKD (20% decrease to 53% increase; P = 0.01). Conclusions and relevance Oxidative stress is prominent in cats with stage 1 CKD. Plasma and urinary F2-IsoPs are not interchangeable biomarkers in cats with stage 2 CKD. Placebo-controlled studies are indicated to evaluate dietary or pharmacologic doses of omega-3 fatty acids on redox stress and progression of renal dysfunction in cats with stage 1 CKD.

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Omega-3 fatty acids for dialysis vascular access outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1002/14651858.cd011353.pub2 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ka-Wai Tam ◽

Mei-Yi Wu ◽

Fahad Javaid Siddiqui ◽

Edwin SY Chan ◽

Yanan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Early Prevention of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/172801 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

J. Thomas ◽

C. J. Thomas ◽

J. Radcliffe ◽

C. Itsiopoulos

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Neurodegenerative Disease ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Long Chain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Furthermore, AD has provided the most positive indication to support the fact that inflammation contributes to neurodegenerative disease. The exact etiology of AD is unknown, but environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute, such as advancing age, family history, presence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, and poor diet and lifestyle. It is hypothesised that early prevention or management of inflammation could delay the onset or reduce the symptoms of AD. Normal physiological changes to the brain with ageing include depletion of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and brains of AD patients have lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. DHA supplementation can reduce markers of inflammation. This review specifically focusses on the evidence in humans from epidemiological, dietary intervention, and supplementation studies, which supports the role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention or delay of cognitive decline in AD in its early stages. Longer term trials with long chain omega-3 supplementation in early stage AD are warranted. We also highlight the importance of overall quality and composition of the diet to protect against AD and dementia.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Inhibit Tumor Growth in a Rat Model of Bladder Cancer

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/368178 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Belmiro Parada ◽

Flávio Reis ◽

Raquel Cerejo ◽

Patrícia Garrido ◽

José Sereno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Rat Model ◽

Redox Status ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Crp

Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids have been tested on prevention and treatment of several cancer types, but the efficacy on “in vivo” bladder cancer has not been analyzed yet. This study aimed at evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mixture in an animal model of bladder cancer. Forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups during a 20-week protocol: control; carcinogen—N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN);ω-3 (DHA + EPA); andω-3 + BBN. BBN andω-3 were given during the initial 8 weeks. At week 20 blood and bladder were collected and checked for the presence of urothelium lesions and tumors, markers of inflammation, proliferation, and redox status. Incidence of bladder carcinoma was, control (0%),ω-3 (0%), BBN (65%), andω-3 + BBN (62.5%). Theω-3 + BBN group had no infiltrative tumors or carcinomain situ, and tumor volume was significantly reduced compared to the BBN (0.9 ± 0.1 mm3versus 112.5 ± 6.4 mm3). Also, it showed a reduced MDA/TAS ratio and BBN-induced serum CRP, TGF-β1, and CD31 were prevented. In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the development of premalignant and malignant lesions in a rat model of bladder cancer, which might be due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic properties.

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