Maize seedling morphology and defence hormone profiles, but not herbivory tolerance, were mediated by domestication and modern breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chinchilla-Ramírez ◽  
E.J. Borrego ◽  
T.J. DeWitt ◽  
M.V. Kolomiets ◽  
J.S. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Herbivory Tolerance ◽  
Modern Breeding

scholarly journals Maize Biochemical Defences against a Rootworm Were Mediated by Domestication, Spread, and Breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Fontes-Puebla ◽  
Eli J. Borrego ◽  
Michael V. Kolomiets ◽  
Julio S. Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Induced Defences ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Herbivory Tolerance ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Modern Breeding

ABSTRACTPlant physiological processes generally are regulated by phytohormones, including plant biochemical responses to herbivory. Here, we addressed whether a suite of maize (Zea mays mays) phytohormones, including some precursor and derivative metabolites, relevant to herbivory defence were mediated by the crop’s domestication, northward spread, and modern breeding. For this, we compared phytohormone and metabolite levels among four plant types representing the evolutionary and agronomic transitions from maize’s wild ancestor, Balsas teosinte (Zea mays parviglumis), to Mexican and US maize landraces, and to highly-bred US maize cultivars, as affected by root herbivory by Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Following ecological-evolutionary hypotheses, we expected to find changes in: (i) maize defence strategy, from reliance on induced to constitutive defences; (ii) levels of phytohormones relevant to herbivore resistance consistent with gradual weakening of defences, and; (iii) levels of a phytohormone relevant to herbivory tolerance because it positively affects plant growth. We found that with its domestication, maize seemed to have transitioned from reliance on induced defences in Balsas teosinte to reliance on constitutive defences in maize. Also, we found that while one subset of phytohormones relevant to herbivory was suppressed (13-oxylipins), another was enhanced (9-oxylipins) with domestication, and both subsets were variably affected by spread and breeding. Finally, an auxin phytohormone directly linked to growth (indole-3-acetic acid), increased significantly with domestication, and seemingly with spread and breeding. We concluded that rootworm defences in maize were mediated by domestication and ensuing processes, such as spread and breeding, and argued that agricultural intensification mediated maize defence evolution in parallel with modern breeding.

MAPK‐like protein 1 positively regulates maize seedling drought sensitivity by suppressing ABA biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Ying Chang ◽  
Ting Pei ◽  
Xiuyan Zhang ◽  
Lan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular dissection of maize seedling salt tolerance using a genome‐wide association analysis method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijie Luo ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Jingna Li ◽  
Panpan Zhang ◽  
Kuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Molecular Dissection ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Genome Wide Association Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Simaba arenaria (Simaroubaceae): a New Species from Sandy Coastal Plains in Northeastern Brazil, with Notes on Seedling Morphology

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Fernando Devecchi ◽  
William Wayt Thomas ◽  
José Rubens Pirani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
A New Species

Contribution of flexible allocation priorities to herbivory tolerance in C4 perennial grasses: an evaluation with 13C labeling

Oecologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Briske ◽  
T. W. Boutton ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
13C Labeling ◽  
Herbivory Tolerance

Are seed mass and seedling size and shape related to altitude? Evidence in Gymnocalycium monvillei (Cactaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bauk ◽  
Reyes Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián R. Zeballos ◽  
M. Laura Las Peñas ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Species Response

Several studies reported a negative relationship between altitude and seed mass. In cactus species, seed mass has been also related to seedling morphology (size and shape). Here we studied Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton & Rose, a cactus species with a wide altitudinal distribution, with the main aim of analyzing how altitude affects seed mass and seedling size (height and width) and shape (globose or columnar). We collected seeds from five sites along the entire altitudinal distribution of the species in the Córdoba Mountains (sites were located between 878 and 2230 m a.s.l.), encompassing a marked climatic gradient (6 °C of mean annual temperature difference between the extreme sites). Seed mass and seedling traits were measured in the laboratory. Seedling height increased with altitude, whereas seed mass was not related to this parameter. Seedlings became more globose (reduced surface/volume ratio) with decreasing altitude. Variation in seedling shape along the altitudinal gradient may be related to the contrasting climatic conditions to which seedlings are exposed, and could account for the wide altitudinal distribution of G. monvillei. Our results highlight the importance of seedling traits in the species’ response to climatic change.

Taxonomic revision of Hannafordia (Lasiopetaleae: Sterculiaceae (Malvaceae s.l.))

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
C. F. Wilkins ◽  
J. A. Chappill
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions

Taxonomic revision of the endemic Australian genus Hannafordia F.Muell. identified five taxa, including three recognised species, a new subspecies H. quadrivalvis F.Muell. subsp. recurva C.F.Wilkins and a new subspecific combination H. bissillii F.Muell. subsp. latifolia (E.Pritzel) C.F.Wilkins. Taxonomic descriptions, a key, distribution maps, illustrations, anatomical findings and seed and seedling morphology are presented. A chromosome number of n = 10 is the first published record for the genus.

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