Commentary on Kristjanssonet al. (2018): Caffeine use during early adolescence as a possible risk factor for initiation of smoking and alcohol use

Abstract Background The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancies by the antenatal care providers, resulting in live births in British Columbia (BC) and to examine associations between alcohol use, adverse neonatal outcomes, and pregnancy complications. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study utilized linked obstetrical and neonatal records within the BC Perinatal Data Registry (BCPDR), for deliveries that were discharged between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2018. The main outcome measures were alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancy, associated maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Estimates for the period and fiscal year prevalence were calculated. Chi-square tests were used to compare adverse neonatal outcomes and pregnancy complications by alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes and pregnancy complications, after adjusting for identified risk factors. Results A total of 144,779 linked records within the BCPDR were examined. The period prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor was estimated to be 1.1% and yearly prevalence was 1.1, 1.1, 1.3 and 0.9% from the 2014/2015 to 2017/2018 fiscal years, respectively. Alcohol use identified as a risk factor was associated with younger maternal age, fewer antenatal visits, being primiparous, a history of mental illness, substance use and smoking. Neonates with alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor had greater odds of being diagnosed with: “low birth weight (1000-2499g)” (ICD-10: P07.1; aOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.53), “other respiration distress of newborn” (ICD-10: P22.8; aOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.07), “neonatal difficulty in breastfeeding” (ICD-10: P92.5; aOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.92) and “feeding problems, unspecified” (ICD-10: P92.9; aOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.09). Conclusions The prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor was comparable to previous estimates within the BCPDR. Identified prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with notable differences in maternal and neonatal characteristics and adverse neonatal outcomes. More consistent, thorough screening and prevention efforts targeting alcohol use in pregnancy are urgently needed in Canada.

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Suicide attempt in alcohol use disorder and Wernicke encephalopathy: A case report

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S599-S599

Author(s):

L. Espinosa ◽

A. Fortea ◽

G. Oriolo ◽

M. Balcells ◽

C. Oliveras

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽

Suicidal Attempts ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Concomitant Condition ◽

Image Volume

BackgroundThe relation between alcohol dependence and suicidal behavior is well known and alcohol consumption is a risk factor to take in consideration in order to prevent suicidal attempts. Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a common acute neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency frequently associated with alcohol use disorder and often infra-diagnosed. Just few cases are reported about the possible correlation between suicidal behaviour and Wernicke encephalopathy.ObjectiveTo describe the possible association between suicidal attempts and Wernicke encephalopathy.MethodsWe report the case of a 57 year old man, with past diagnosis of disthymia and amphetamine abuse disorder, and a history of bariatric surgery, who was hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospital clinic for a suicidal attempt by mean of metro railway precipitation. He presented two episodes of psychomotor agitation in the context of an abstinence syndrome that reverted with midazolam continuous perfusion and clonazepam 8 mg per day. Consequently to medical improvement, he was moved to Psychiatry Unit of Addictive Behavior and finally diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.ResultsIn the physical exam, bilateral nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia were observed. Signs of malnutrition were detected in the blood analysis. In a brain magnetic resonance image, volume deficits in the mammillary bodies, thalamus, cortex and corpus callosum, as well as peri-aqueductal altered signal were observed, all signs compatible with Wernicke encephalopathy diagnoses.ConclusionsWernicke encephalopathy is a frequent concomitant condition in patients with alcohol use disorder. The consequent cognitive decline could represent an independent added risk factor for suicidal behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Parental divorce and initiation of alcohol use in early adolescence.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/adb0000164 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 450-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kristina M. Jackson ◽

Michelle L. Rogers ◽

Carolyn E. Sartor

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Parental Divorce

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Correlates of transitions from alcohol use to disorder diagnosed by DSM-5 in China

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03413-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Zhaorui Liu ◽

Guohua Li ◽

Yueqin Huang ◽

Yanxiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Face To Face ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Common Criteria ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence and lifetime criteria profiles of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the transitions from alcohol use to disorder in Chifeng, China. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted using Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 (CIDI-3.0) among 4528 respondents in Chifeng. Results The weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 AUD were 3.03 and 1.05%, respectively. Mild lifetime AUD was the most prevalent severity level (69.53%). The two most common criteria were “failure to quit/cutdown” and “drinking more or for longer than intended.” Lifetime prevalence was 65.59% for alcohol use, and 22.97% for regular drinking. Male and domestic violence were risk factors for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking or AUD and from regular drinking to AUD. Younger age was risk factor for the transition to AUD from alcohol use or regular drinking. Poverty (OR = 2.49) was risk factor for the transition from alcohol use to regular drinking. The earlier drinkers were more likely to develop to regular drinking (OR = 2.11). Conclusion AUD prevalence in Chifeng was not as high as that in Western countries. The study revealed that multiple risk factors might contribute to the transition across different stages of alcohol use. Further research should explore the underlying mechanisms.

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ASSESSMENT OF ALCOHOL USE BY POPULATION AND RELATED PROBLEMS

Клінічна та профілактична медицина ◽

10.31612/2616-4868.4(10).2019.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (9-10) ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

V. B. Zamkevich ◽

M. D. Diachuk ◽

T. S. Gruzieva

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Information System ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Consequences

Introduction. The development of the public health system provides for the solution of the basic operational functions of public health, including surveillance and assessment of the state of health and well-being of the population, taking into account risks to public health.Given the importance of alcohol as a risk factor for the development of diseases, the study of its prevalence in the population, consumption patterns and health effects is an important public health problem. The aim of the study. To identify current trends in alcohol consumption and the associated risk factor for health damage in Ukraine and countries of the WHO European Region.Materials and methods. Bibliographic, medical, statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. The key scientific base were the European Health for All Database, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the European Information System on Alcohol and Health (EISAH). Results. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of alcohol consumption by population in different regions of the world per capita per year, up to 16 times, with the highest rates in the WHO ER. Ukraine is characterized by high levels of alcohol consumption (8.6 liters) and negative tendencies for their growth during 1991-2016 by 45.8%. At the same time, in Ukraine the consumption of strong alcoholic drinks predominates, while in the countries of the European Union - wine and beer. The increase in alcohol consumption in Ukraine and the prevalence of strong drinks in the structure of consumed products (51.5%) is an unfavorable prognostic indicator and requires the adoption of preventive measures. The negative consequences of alcohol consumption are the prevalence of alcohol dependence (2.2%), alcohol-related disorders (6%), a significant proportion of deaths (20.5%) due to this risk factor in the overall structure of all deaths, etc. Significant is the contribution of alcohol to the formation of indicators of road traffic injuries, including those with a fatal outcome, crime rates, etc. Conclusions. Surveillance of the prevalence of alcohol use, patterns of consumption and assessment of alcohol-related public health problems is an important basis for determining directions, justification and taking countermeasures.

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Self-Reported Inattention in Early Adolescence in a Community Sample

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054710379734 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Laura L. Connors ◽

Jennifer Connolly ◽

Maggie E. Toplak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Self Reports ◽

Parental Reports ◽

Sample Method

Objective : Inattention is typically associated with ADHD, but less research has been done to examine the correlates of self-reported inattention in youth in a community sample. Method: Associations among self-reported inattention, parent-reported inattention, and self-reported psychopathology in children aged 10 to 11 years are examined. Self-reported inattention is also examined as a predictor of outcomes in peer relationships and victimization at ages 10 and 11 and in peer relationships at ages 14 and 15. Results: Children’s self-reports of inattention correlate with parental reports and are associated with self-reports of hyperactivity-impulsivity, depression, anxiety, and conduct problems. Participants in the high-inattention group are at greater risk for victimization and poor peer relationships at ages 10 and 11 years after covarying for psychopathology ratings. Self-reported inattention uniquely predicts poor peer relationships longitudinally at age 14 and 15 years. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of examining children’s self-report of inattention and identifies inattention as a risk factor for current and later outcomes.

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Commentary on the paper “Is alexithymia a risk factor for major depression, personality disorder, or alcohol use disorders? A prospective population-based study”

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 275-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Olivier Luminet

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Major Depression ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study

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Intracranial Arterial Calcification in Black Africans with Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra ◽

10.1159/000485195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 26-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard B. Olatunji ◽

Ademola J. Adekanmi ◽

Ayotunde O. Ogunseyinde

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Cranial Computed Tomography ◽

Arterial Calcification ◽

Scoring Method ◽

College Hospital

Background: Intracranial arterial calcification (IAC), a recognized marker of atherosclerosis on cranial computed tomography (CT), is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, distribution, severity, and associations of IAC in adults with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Cranial CT images of 130 consecutive adults who presented with AIS were acquired on a 64-slice multi-detector Toshiba Aquilion scanner and evaluated for IAC in bone window on Vitrea® software using a semi-quantitative scoring method for extent, thickness, and length of calcifications in the large intracranial arteries. Associations of IAC with clinical and laboratory data were determined by statistical analysis at p < 0.05. Results: There were 71 males (54.6%), and the mean age of all patients was 63.0 ± 13.2 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (83.1%). IAC was found in 121 patients (93.1%), predominantly in the carotid siphon (86.1%) followed by the intracranial vertebral arteries (9.3%), middle cerebral arteries (2.4%), basilar artery (1.2%), and the anterior cerebral arteries (1%). The burden of IAC ranged from mild (17.4%) to moderate (52.1%) to severe (30.6%). Age (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.037), and alcohol use (0.046) were significantly different among the patients with mild, moderate, and severe degrees of IAC. IAC was associated with age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.02), hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.04), and alcohol use (p < 0.001) but not with sex (p = 0.35). Conclusions: The burden of IAC is very high among native African patients with AIS and preferentially involves proximal inflow arteries. Therefore, the role of large vessel atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke in native Africans should be explored in future multinational, multimodality studies.

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