Recent developments and highlights in biomarkers in allergic diseases and asthma

AbstractThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) owns three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Clinical and Translational Allergy. One of the major goals of EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. There was substantial progress in 2019 in the identification of basic mechanisms of allergic and respiratory disease and the translation of these mechanisms into clinics. Better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms, efforts for the development of biomarkers for disease prediction, novel prevention and intervention studies, elucidation of mechanisms of multimorbidities, entrance of new drugs in the clinics as well as recently completed phase three clinical studies and publication of a large number of allergen immunotherapy studies and meta-analyses have been the highlights of the last year.

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Review of New Trends in the Analysis of Allergenic Residues in Foods and Cosmetic Products

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 997-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz Tuzimski ◽

Anna Petruczynik

Keyword(s):

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Immunological Methods ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Allergen Sensitization ◽

Important Health ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Allergen Analysis

Abstract Background Allergies represent an important health problem in industrialized countries. Allergen sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of allergic diseases; thus, the identification of an individual’s allergen sensitization is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Objective This review compares different modern methods applied for the analysis of allergens in various matrices (from 2015 to the end of September 2019). Conclusions Immunological methods are still most frequently used for detection of allergens. These methods are sensitive, but the lack of specificity and cross-reaction of some antibodies can still be a relevant source of errors. DNA-based methods are fast and reliable for determination of protein allergens, but the epitopes of protein allergens with posttranslational modifications and their changes, originated during various processing, cannot be identified through the use of this method. Methods based on application of biosensors are very rapid and easy to use, and can be readily implemented as screening methods to monitor allergens. Recent developments of new high-resolution MS instruments are encouraging and enable development in the analysis of allergens. Fast, very sensitive, reliable, and accurate detection and quantification of allergens in complex samples can be used in the near future. Mass spectrometry coupled with LC, GC, or electrophoretic methods bring additional advances in allergen analysis. The use of LC-MS or LC-MS/MS for the quantitative detection of allergens in various matrices is at present gaining acceptance as a protein-based confirmatory technique over the routinely performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

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The Role of Leukotrienes as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20143580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 3580 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Airi Jo-Watanabe ◽

Toshiaki Okuno ◽

Takehiko Yokomizo

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽

Receptor Subtype ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽

Allergic Disorders ◽

G Protein Coupled

Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that play pivotal roles in acute and chronic inflammation and allergic diseases. They exert their biological effects by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Each LT receptor subtype exhibits unique functions and expression patterns. LTs play roles in various allergic diseases, including asthma (neutrophilic asthma and aspirin-sensitive asthma), allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis. This review summarizes the biology of LTs and their receptors, recent developments in the area of anti-LT strategies (in settings such as ongoing clinical studies), and prospects for future therapeutic applications.

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Recent developments and highlights in mechanisms of allergic diseases: Microbiome

Allergy ◽

10.1111/all.13634 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 2314-2327 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Nonhlanhla Lunjani ◽

Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa ◽

Zuzanna Lukasik ◽

Milena Sokolowska ◽

Thomas Eiwegger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Diseases ◽

Recent Developments

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Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078675 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 228-229

Author(s):

C. Colliex ◽

P. Trebbia

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Electron Energy ◽

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

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Filaments and membranes in the mitotic apparatus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007638x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 544-547

Author(s):

Kent McDonald

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Filaments ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Mitotic Apparatus ◽

Light Microscope Level ◽

Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Force Generator ◽

Spindle Function ◽

Antibody Technology

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.

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Software pattern recognition applied to nanodiffraction patterns from a STEM instrument

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014484x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 694-695

Author(s):

G.Y. Fan ◽

J.M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Pattern Recognition ◽

Computer Software ◽

Processing System ◽

Light Level ◽

Host Computer ◽

Low Light ◽

Image Processing System ◽

Recent Developments ◽

On Line

In recent developments, the ASU HB5 has been modified so that the timing, positioning, and scanning of the finely focused electron probe can be entirely controlled by a host computer. This made the asynchronized handshake possible between the HB5 STEM and the image processing system which consists of host computer (PDP 11/34), DeAnza image processor (IP 5000) which is interfaced with a low-light level TV camera, array processor (AP 400) and various peripheral devices. This greatly facilitates the pattern recognition technique initiated by Monosmith and Cowley. Software called NANHB5 is under development which, instead of employing a set of photo-diodes to detect strong spots on a TV screen, uses various software techniques including on-line fast Fourier transform (FFT) to recognize patterns of greater complexity, taking advantage of the sophistication of our image processing system and the flexibility of computer software.

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High-resolution microscopy of twin boundaries in gold

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126202 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 260-261

Author(s):

William Krakow ◽

David A. Smith

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Gold Films ◽

Boundary Area ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Tilt Boundaries ◽

High Resolution Microscopy ◽

Twist Boundaries

Recent developments in specimen preparation, imaging and image analysis together permit the experimental determination of the atomic structure of certain, simple grain boundaries in metals such as gold. Single crystal, ∼125Å thick, (110) oriented gold films are vapor deposited onto ∼3000Å of epitaxial silver on (110) oriented cut and polished rock salt substrates. Bicrystal gold films are then made by first removing the silver coated substrate and placing in contact two suitably misoriented pieces of the gold film on a gold grid. Controlled heating in a hot stage first produces twist boundaries which then migrate, so reducing the grain boundary area, to give mixed boundaries and finally tilt boundaries perpendicular to the foil. These specimens are well suited to investigation by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100152203 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

W.J. de Ruijter ◽

P. Rez ◽

David J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Computer Image ◽

Lens Design ◽

Computer Image Analysis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Recent Developments ◽

On Line ◽

Routine Procedures ◽

Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

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Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150162 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 866-867

Author(s):

S.J. Krause ◽

W.W. Adams

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Thermal Electron ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Beam Currents ◽

New Generation ◽

First Time ◽

Voltage Scanning ◽

Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

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