Dehydroleucodine (DhL) is a sesquiterpene lactone that inhibits germinal vesicle breakdown in Bufo arenarum oocytes. Its action takes place over early stages of the cdc25 activation cascade (Bühler MI et al. 2007 Zygote 15, 183–187). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DhL to induce parthenogenetic activation by observing nuclear dynamics and second polar body (2PB) extrusion of bovine oocytes, in the presence or absence of Cytochalasin B (CB), comparing these treatments with 6-Dimethylaminopurine (DMAP), an activation agent widely used. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected from cow ovaries obtained from a slaughterhouse. They were matured in TCM 199, supplemented with 5% FCS, 10 UI mL–1 penicillin, 10 μg mL–1 FSH, 100 μM cysteamine, 0.3 mm sodium pyruvate and 2 mm glutamine, at 39°C under 6% CO2 in air for 24 h. After removal of cumulus cells, metaphase II (MII) oocytes were selected and treated with 5 μm ionomycin (Io) for 4 min. Afterwards, oocytes were randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: a) incubation with 2 mm DMAP for 3 h (DMAP); b) incubation with 5 μm DhL for 3 h (DhL); and c) incubation with 5 μm DhL and 5 μg mL–1 CB, for 3 h (DhL-CB). A control group was only treated with Io. Activated oocytes were cultured in the maturation medium during 4, 11 or 17 h (Io exposure = 0 h), stained with Hoechst 33342 and analyzed under fluorescence microscope to evaluate nuclear stage and 2PB extrusion. Activation data are presented in Table 1. Oocytes with two extruded polar bodies and a metaphase plate were considered as partially activated (PA) and those exhibiting one pronucleus (PN) or already cleaved, as fully activated (FA). Oocytes that remained arrested at MII were not included in the table. Rates of 2PB emission were 98.3, 4.9, 83.6 and 61.5% for Io, DMAP, DhL and DhL-CB, respectively. These percentages were determined over total number of activated oocytes (PA and FA) within each group, including results from all evaluation times because no differences were found between them. Nuclear evaluation suggests that DhL is as effective as DMAP to induce full activation when combined with CB, and its use does not induce the early PN formation observed with DMAP at 4 h post Io. Most of the oocytes activated with DhL extruded a 2PB; these results were statistically different from those observed for other groups. These results indicate that DhL might be a useful agent to induce parthenogenesis, allowing 2PB extrusion and avoiding early PN formation in bovine oocytes.
Table 1.Partial and full activation of bovine oocytes at 4, 11 and 17 h post treatments
OLA1 is responsible for normal spindle assembly and SAC activation in mouse oocytes
