Association between industry support and the reporting of study outcomes in randomized clinical trials of dental implant research from the past 20 years

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Dini ◽  
Marta Maria Alves Pereira ◽  
João Gabriel Silva Souza ◽  
Jamil A. Shibli ◽  
Erica Dorigatti Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Bias and unclear outcomes in clinical trials of diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional analysis of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Mozetic ◽  
Valéria Mozetic de Barros ◽  
Lucas Denadai ◽  
Matheus Ferreira Santos da Cruz ◽  
Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Subjective Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are well-designed papers that aim to answer questions in the real world. However, sometimes they present missing, dubious and unclear outcomes that make it difficult to apply in practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to evaluate the way and the frequency with which the outcomes in randomized clinical trials of intervention in diabetic retinopathy can be presented in an unclear way to readers. Make an analysis of how these dubious presentations can lead to misinterpretations, why this happens and how they can be remedied. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a search for RCT about DR intervention in PubMed published over the past five years. RESULTS: Seventy RCT were included, 27 in peripheral diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 43 in diabetic macular edema (DME). In the DME group we found 25.6% reporting and publication bias; 34.9% subjective outcomes, 44.1% presented a lack of presentation of the baseline and 51.1% underreporting adverse events. In the PDR group we found 29.6% reporting and publication bias; 44.4% subjective outcomes, 14.8% presented a lack of presentation of the baseline and 62.9% underreporting adverse events. CONCLUSION: In addition to the result bias, we found other forms of publication of unclear outcomes in RCT on DR. Most of them occurred due to disrespect for CONSORT parameters. The reader must be attentive to recognize them and know how they can influence the interpretation of the data.

scholarly journals Contrast Media: Are There Differences in Nephrotoxicity among Contrast Media?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

Iodinated contrast agents are usually classified based upon their osmolality—high, low, and isosmolar. Iodinated contrast agents are also nephrotoxic in some but not all patients resulting in loss of glomerular filtration rate. Over the past 30 years, nephrotoxicity has been linked to osmolality although the precise mechanism underlying such a link has been elusive. Improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity and prospective randomized clinical trials have attempted to further explore the relationship between osmolality and nephrotoxicity. In this review, the basis for our current understanding that there are little if any differences in nephrotoxic potential between low and isosmolar contrast media will be detailed using data from clinical studies.

scholarly journals Management of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Campbell ◽  
Anthony R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Jak2 Mutation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions

Abstract The optimal management of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) continues to be controversial. Both diseases present diagnostic challenges and there is a paucity of data from randomized clinical trials to guide therapeutic decisions. However, the past two years have seen major advances in our understanding of these myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). First, the ECLAP study demonstrated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of aspirin in patients with PV.1 Second, the PT-1 trial, the largest randomized study of any MPD, has provided much needed guidance on the optimal management of patients with ET.2 Third, the identification of a single JAK2 mutation in most patients with PV, and in some of those with ET, illuminates the pathogenesis of these diseases and raises questions about the boundary between them.3–7 For the purpose of management decisions, it remains appropriate to consider them as separate entities for the time being. However, as we learn more about the clinical significance of the JAK2 mutation, it seems likely that the coming years will see major changes in the way we classify and manage these disorders.

scholarly journals Cytokine-Induced NK-Like T Cells: From Bench to Bedside

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeh Ching Linn ◽  
Kam M. Hui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
T Effector Cells ◽  
Cik Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cytokine Stimulation

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are polyclonal T effector cells generated when cultured under cytokine stimulation. CIK cells exhibit potent, non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activities against susceptible tumor cells of both autologous and allogeneic origins. Over the past 20 years, CIK cells have evolved from experimental observations into early clinical studies with encouraging preliminary efficacy towards susceptible autologous and allogeneic tumor cells in both therapeutic and adjuvant settings. This paper is our attempt to summarize the available published literature related to CIK cells. Looking into the future, we anticipate that the continuous therapeutic application of CIK cells will likely be developed along two major directions: overcoming the challenge to organize large prospective randomized clinical trials to define the roles of CIK cells in cancer immunotherapy and expanding its spectrum of cytotoxicity towards resistant tumor cells through experimental manipulations.

Gresham's Law of Evidence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Law Of Evidence

A recent review1 of the epidemiology of randomized clinical trials indicates very slow acceptance of this approach to evaluation of new medical treatments. If the proportion of randomized trials among therapeutic studies in gastroenterology continues to increase at the rate observed over the past decade, the reviewers estimate that the format will have taken over completely by the year 2010 provided the increase is exponential, and in about 700 years if it is linear. I write to suggest that a law, similar to Gresham's Law—cheap money will drive out dear money—operates in these matters.

scholarly journals Effects of walking and strength training on walking capacity in individuals with claudication: meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra de Souza Miranda ◽  
Lausanne Barreto de Carvalho Cahu Rodrigues ◽  
Sergio Luiz Cahu Rodrigues ◽  
Crivaldo Gomes Cardoso Junior ◽  
Maryela Oliveira Menacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Evidence Database

CONTEXT: Over the past few years, several clinical trials have been performed to analyze the effects of exercise training on walking ability in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). However, it remains unclear which type of physical exercise provides the maximum benefits in terms of walking ability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by means of a meta-analysis, the effects of walking and strength training on the walking capacity in patients with IC. METHODS: Papers analyzing the effects of walking and strength training programs in patients with IC were browsed on the Medline, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Randomized clinical trials scoring >4 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and assessing claudication distance (CD) and total walking distance (TWD) were included in the review. RESULTS: Walking and strength training yielded increases in CD and TWD (P < 0.05). However, walking training yielded greater increases than strength training (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Walking and strength training improve walking capacity in patients with IC. However, greater improvements in TWD are obtained with walking training.

scholarly journals Statins as a component of lipid-lowering therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Andrey I. Danilov ◽  
Sergey N. Kozlov ◽  
Andrey V. Evseev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Main Class ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Overall Mortality

Statins are the main class of drugs that are used to treat patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Over the past decades, dozens of randomized clinical trials with this group of drugs have been conducted. Their results showed a significant reduction in cardiovascular and overall mortality, regardless of gender, age, baseline cholesterol levels. Currently, 6 drugs of this class are registered in the Russian Federation: Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin and Fluvastatin.

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