scholarly journals Sequestration and histopathology in P lasmodium chabaudi malaria are influenced by the immune response in an organ‐specific manner

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Brugat ◽  
Deirdre Cunningham ◽  
Jan Sodenkamp ◽  
Stephanie Coomes ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific

scholarly journals Cytokine expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with visceral leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleber Giovanni Luz ◽  
Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽  
Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽  
Guilherme Mariz Maia ◽  
Paulo Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Ifn Γ

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease with a complex immune response in different organs. This pattern of organ-specific immune response has never been evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the in situ immune response in duodenal biopsies on patients with VL. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 13 patients with VL in comparison with nine controls. The immune response was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, for CD4, CD8, CD68, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10. Histological findings from the villi, crypts and inflammatory process were analyzed. RESULTS: All the cases of VL presented Leishmania antigens. No antigen was detected in the control group. The villus size was greater in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CD68 (macrophages) and CD4 levels were higher in the VL patients (p < 0.05). No differences in the expression of CD8, TNF-α, IL-10 or IL-4 were demonstrated. The number of cells expressing IFN-γ was lower in the VL patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of cytokines were found in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with VL. This pattern was not found in other organs affected by the disease. Immunotolerance of this tissue against Leishmania could explain these findings, as occurs with intestinal bacteria.

scholarly journals Ethylene is involved in strawberry fruit ripening in an organ-specific manner

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (14) ◽  
pp. 4421-4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Merchante ◽  
José G. Vallarino ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
Irene Aragüez ◽  
Natalia Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Strawberry Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals NFKB1 and Cancer: Friend or Foe?

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Concetti ◽  
Caroline L Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Potential Cancer

Current evidence strongly suggests that aberrant activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway is associated with carcinogenesis. A number of key cellular processes are governed by the effectors of this pathway, including immune responses and apoptosis, both crucial in the development of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulated and chronic NF-κB signalling can have a profound impact on cellular homeostasis. Here we discuss NFKB1 (p105/p50), one of the five subunits of NF-κB, widely implicated in carcinogenesis, in some cases driving cancer progression and in others acting as a tumour-suppressor. The complexity of the role of this subunit lies in the multiple dimeric combination possibilities as well as the different interacting co-factors, which dictate whether gene transcription is activated or repressed, in a cell and organ-specific manner. This review highlights the multiple roles of NFKB1 in the development and progression of different cancers, and the considerations to make when attempting to manipulate NF-κB as a potential cancer therapy.

Pregnancy and estradiol decrease GTPase activity in the guinea pig uterine artery

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. H2168-H2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Buhimschi ◽  
Gentzon Hall ◽  
Loren P. Thompson ◽  
Carl P. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
G Protein Coupling ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
17Β Estradiol

The mechanisms by which pregnancy redistributes cardiac output in an organ-specific manner are poorly understood. We propose that it is consequential to estrogen-mediated alterations in G protein-mediated signal transduction. Aortas and uterine (UAs) and mesenteric arteries (MAs) were obtained from late-pregnant, nonpregnant, or ovariectomized guinea pigs chronically treated with 17β-estradiol. High-affinity GTPase activity was assayed enzymatically. The cGMP generated in response to the endothelium-dependent agonist ACh was measured in UAs incubated with or without cholera toxin (CTX, which inhibits Gsα). Pregnancy significantly decreased UA but not aorta or MA GTPase activity. 17β-Estradiol decreased UA GTPase activity compared with untreated ovariectomized animals. ACh increased cGMP in pregnant but not nonpregnant UAs. Pretreatment of nonpregnant UAs with CTX increased ACh-induced cGMP levels similar to pregnancy. Thus pregnancy and estradiol decrease the GTPase activity of a CTX-sensitive G protein in UAs, increasing receptor-dependent cGMP release. This alteration in receptor-mediated G protein coupling in UAs may contribute to the characteristic cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy.

A Rice CaMBP Gene is Induced in Organ-Specific Manner by Both Chilling and Heat-Shock Treatments

Rice Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Jia WAN ◽  
Jiang XI ◽  
Zhi-ru DU ◽  
Zheng-jun XU
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific

Genomic features of normal tissues from prophylactic surgery in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13055-e13055
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Kotoula ◽  
Efterpi Demiri ◽  
Florentia Fostira ◽  
Eleni Vrettou ◽  
Elpida Charalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Targeted Ngs ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Paraffin Tissue

e13055 Background: Genomic alterations in normal tissues from pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 mutation (mut) carriers are as yet poorly described. We investigated the genomic status of normal breast (NB) and hystero-salpingo-oophorectomy (GYN) tissues removed upon prophylactic surgery in a real-life cohort of BRCA1/2 carriers. Methods: By using targeted NGS we examined the mut status of 220 samples (39 peripheral blood and 181 paraffin tissue) from 53 BRCA1/2 carriers who underwent prophylactic surgery, 42 with and 11 without prior cancer manifestation (PCM). We compared germline BRCA1/2 mut status with tumor, NB and GYN mut status. Results: Eight patients carried germline BRCA2 and 45 BRCA1 mut. Somatic mut were most frequent in BRCA2 (28%), BRCA1 (17%), TP53 (7%) among 136 NB and GYN samples; and, in TP53 (49%; p < 0.001) and BRCA1 (38%; p = 0.039) among 45 tumor samples. Among all tissue types, the 85 NB had the lowest mut load (p = 0.001). In NB and GYN, mut load was higher in BRCA1 vs. BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.027) and in those with BRCA1 substitutions/indels vs. exon deleting and skipping mut (p < 0.001). In tumors, only germline BRCA1 substitutions/indels were associated with higher mut load (p = 0.014). Preservation of germline mut in tissues was assessable in 84 samples from 26 patients. The germline mut was lost in 8 tumor and NB samples from 6 patients (23%) with PCM. Somatic deleterious mut in the BRCA1 BRCT-domain emerged in two such cases; the rest had combinations of TP53, MRE11A and NF1 mut. GYN samples from these patients retained the germline mut and presented the highest mut load among all examined samples (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Somatic mut in normal tissues from BRCA1/2 carriers are affected by the inherited mutated gene and by the type of the germline mut concerning BRCA1. Germline BRCA1 mut may be substituted by somatic mut in tumor and normal tissues, in an organ specific manner. Mutagenesis in tumors and normal tissues appear to be driven by different pathways. Our findings shed new light on the biological impact of BRCA1/2 mut in tissues.

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