Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub‐Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neo K. Morojele ◽  
Emeka W. Dumbili ◽  
Isidore S. Obot ◽  
Charles D. H. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Regional Responses ◽  
Sub Saharan

Alcohol

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Postcolonial Africa

There are no single-volume studies that address the whole topic of alcohol in Africa or its modern history. Globally, fermented alcohol has a very ancient history, with archaeological findings documenting such drinks many thousands of years ago. Given the relative lack of archaeological work in sub-Saharan Africa, the evidence for the ancient consumption of fermented drinks on the continent is thin, but the earliest records in combination with ethnographic research point to a very long history and to the ubiquity of fermented drinks. Virtually every African society produced one or more kinds of fermented drinks, whether it was palm wine in coastal regions, various wines made from honey or local fruits such as bananas, or, especially, beers produced from millet and sorghum and later maize. In Muslim societies, these fermented drinks, often classified as foods by local peoples, were not seen to violate Qurʾanic prohibition. Ethnographic studies often include detailed accounts of the complex processes through which such drinks were produced and the equally complicated social practices related to drinking. Such drinks were often bought and sold through local trade networks, but fermented drinks are expensive to transport and until the development of modern bottling technology had very short shelf lives. Distillation technology dates only to the 11th century and its spread was closely connected to international trade. During the 20th century, alcohol regulation emerged as a critical element in colonial hegemony, and the importance of alcohol to state revenue persists to the present day. Following independence, with the end of international prohibitions on distilling, industrial brewing and distilling grew rapidly in many African countries, generally led by international enterprises. South African Breweries ultimately emerged as a major international player, with large stakes across the continent. Racist thinking dominated colonial policy on alcohol sales and consumption across much of eastern, central, and southern Africa, and colonial states in those regions used revenue from alcohol monopolies to reinforce racial segregation and domination. This thinking incorporated a racially defined view of collective dependency and abuse which was fueled by colonial expediency and in turn shaped public perceptions and response to African alcohol consumption. Such perspectives have persisted in “expert” discourse in postcolonial Africa. Yet alcohol consumption has been, for men, among the most important leisure activities in many African societies, and in the 20th century, drinking establishments emerged as very important sites of popular culture.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis' as given in the submission system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Earsido Addila ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yigzaw Kebede Gete ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Getnet Mihretie Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy represents a significant public health concern. It has several adverse health effects for both the mother and the developing fetus. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the effect size of associated factors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Methods The results of the review were reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA) guideline and, it was registered in the Prospero database, number CRD42019127103. The available primary studies were collated from different databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, African Journals Online and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Library. The main search terms were [((alcohol consumption) OR (alcohol drinking) OR (alcohol use) OR (ethanol use) OR (alcohol exposure)) AND ((pregnant women) OR (pregnant mother) OR (during pregnancy)) AND (Sub-Saharan Africa)]. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for critical appraisal of studies. The random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using the I2 statistic and the Cochrane Q test. Results The review resulted in 963 original studies after searching various databases, and finally 37 studies in qualitative synthesis and 30 articles in the systematic review and meta-analysis were included. The overall summary estimate of the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy was found to be 20.83% (95% CI: 18.21, 23.46). The pooled estimate of meta-analysis showed that depression (OR: 1.572; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.845), partners’ alcohol use (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.57), knowledge on harmful effect of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.45) and, unplanned pregnancy (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.63) were statistically significant factors with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Conclusions The result showed that there was high alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub- Saharan Africa. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was associated with depression, partners’ alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy and knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Therefore, this will be a basis for public policy and resource allocation for prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) as a Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in HIV-Positive Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Hahn ◽  
Loren M. Dobkin ◽  
Bernard Mayanja ◽  
Nneka I. Emenyonu ◽  
Isaac M. Kigozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals The Global Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Premature Mortality and Health in 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
Ivneet Sohi ◽  
Ari Franklin ◽  
Bethany Chrystoja ◽  
Ashley Wettlaufer ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to estimate the impact of alcohol use on mortality and health among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016. A comparative risk assessment approach was utilized, with population-attributable fractions being estimated by combining alcohol use data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health with corresponding relative risk estimates from meta-analyses. The mortality and health data were obtained from the Global Health Observatory. Among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016, 2.0 million deaths and 117.2 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost were attributable to alcohol consumption, representing 7.1% and 5.5% of all deaths and DALYs lost in that year, respectively. The leading causes of the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths were cirrhosis of the liver (457,000 deaths), road injuries (338,000 deaths), and tuberculosis (190,000 deaths). The numbers of premature deaths per 100,000 people were highest in Eastern Europe (155.8 deaths per 100,000), Central Europe (52.3 deaths per 100,000 people), and Western sub-Saharan Africa (48.7 deaths per 100,000). A large portion of the burden of disease caused by alcohol among people 69 years of age and younger is preventable through the implementation of cost-effective alcohol policies such as increases in taxation.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Sub-saharan Africa: Further Analysis of the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bezawit Mulat ◽  
Wallelign Alemnew ◽  
Kegnie Shitu
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract BackgroundAlcohol drinking during pregnancy is towering in spite of the well-established prove on its unfavorable pregnancy results and destitute child improvement. Despite such enormous consequences, there are limited data that explore about the extent of alcohol drinking and its associated factors among mothers during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among pregnant mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. MethodA community based crossectional demographic and health survey was conducted from 2013 to 2017 among four Sub-Sahara African countries: Burundi, Ethiopia, Liberia and Zimbabwe. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. A p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance.ResultA total of 3,953 weighed sample of pregnant mothers were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 27.3 (± 6.8) years with an age range of 15-49 years. The overall prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy was 22.8% with (95% CI (21.5, 24)) and it was significantly associated with increased age (AOR=1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)), Muslim religion follower ( AOR=0.07, 95% (0.05,0.11), husband/partner’s educational status of primary (AOR=0.7 ,95% CI (0.55,0.84), secondary (AOR=0.53, 95% CI ( 0.41,0.7)) and higher (AOR=0.49 , 95% CI(0.31,0.8), being currently working (AOR=1.5,95% CI ( 1.09,1.55) , having ANC visit ( AOR=0.82, 95% C I(0.68,0.98) and increased gravidity ( AOR=0.93,95% CI( 0.86,0.99).Conclusion Alcohol drinking during pregnancy was high among pregnants in sub-Saharan African countries. Maternal age, religion, husband educational status, current working status of the mother, presence of ANC visit and gravidity of the mother were factors which have significant association with alcohol drinking during pregnancy. This calls a tailored behavior change intervention to reduce alcohol use during pregnancy. More emphasis should also be given for pregnant women with no ANC visit, lower gravidity, and an illiterate husband, currently working and Christianity followers.

Global brewers' expansion to boost African agriculture

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Implementing Strategies

Subject Outlook for the brewery industry in sub-Saharan Africa. Significance Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is home to one of the fastest-growing beer markets in the world, albeit from a low base. Following the lead of SABMiller, which earned 14% of its global beverage profits from SSA in 2013 (excluding South Africa), large international brewers are implementing strategies to supply low-cost products tailored to local tastes and contexts. Impacts Increased alcohol consumption could drive an upswing in lifestyle-related diseases, creating demand for specialist medical care. Efforts to reduce alcohol consumption in South Africa through strict licensing may result in lost income for slum-based home brewers. Rising demand for beer will vary geographically -- with increases concentrated in non-Muslim states and certain sub-national regions.

scholarly journals An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Woolf-King ◽  
Craig M Steinmaus ◽  
Arthur L Reingold ◽  
Judith A Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Woolf-King, S., Steinmaus, C. M., Reingold, A. L. & Hahn, J. A. (2013). An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 99-110.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45)Aims: Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and growing evidence suggests that alcohol consumption is a co-occurring problem in the region.  We conducted a meta-analysis on studies of alcohol use and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa in order to assess associations, evaluate heterogeneity in the literature, identify susceptible subgroups, and suggest avenues for future research.Design: We performed a systematic review, including published review articles and electronic database searches, and identified 35 studies on alcohol use and HIV.Setting and participants: All of the studies included in the meta-analysis occurred with adults in sub-Saharan Africa.Measurements: Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates were calculated using both the fixed inverse variance weighting method and the random effects method when evidence of heterogeneity was present.Findings: The pooled OR estimate for all studies was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.44–1.80).  The association between alcohol use and prevalence or incident HIV infection was particularly large among samples who reported problem drinking (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.64–2.87) and drinking in sexual contexts (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.55–2.06).  Some evidence of publication bias was present; however, the OR remained statistically significant in small and large studies and with population-based and high-risk samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that alcohol consumption, particularly at high levels and in sexual contexts, is associated with an increased risk of HIV infection.  An increased focus on methods that allow for more sensitive tests of the event-level association between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV infection may provide a better understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of hypertension and its significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e053825
Author(s):  
Martin Ackah ◽  
Louise Ameyaw ◽  
Mohammed Gazali Salifu ◽  
Cynthia Osei Yeboah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Commercial Drivers ◽  
Sub Saharan

ObjectiveThe study was designed to assess the burden and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline via PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases and Africa Journal Online were searched from January 2010 to December 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe authors included observational studies reporting on the burden and/or risk factors for hypertension among commercial drivers in SSA. Male adult population ≥18 years working as a commercial driver in SSA as well articles published in English.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent coauthors used a prepared data extraction form to extract data from the eligible published papers and assessed the risk of bias. DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to pool the burden of hypertension and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in SSA. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was quantified by estimating variance using both Cochrane’s Q statistics and the I2 statistics. A subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria involving a total of 4285 male commercial drivers in SSA. The estimated pooled burden of hypertension among the male commercial drivers in SSA was 32% (95% CI 24% to 39%). The risk factors identified were age OR=1.10 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.15), overweight/obese OR=3.38 (95% CI 2.46 to 4.29), alcohol consumption OR=3.00 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.95) and duration of driving (≥5 years) OR=1.83 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.63). Funnel plot inspection and Egger’s regression test of small effect (0.5838) showed no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsOur review showed that nearly one-third of male commercial drivers in SSA have hypertension. Reduction of modifiable risk factors such as overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption and long-term driving through multifaceted implementation strategies are recommended for prevention and control of hypertension among male commercial drivers in SSA.Trial registration numberCRD42021250910.

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