Non-host plant essential oil volatiles with potential for a ‘push-pull’ strategy to control the tea green leafhopper,Empoasca vitis

AbstractGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs) have been reported to play an important role in the host-locating behavior of several folivores that feed on angiosperms. However, next to nothing is known about how the green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants and whether it detects differing emission levels of GLV components among genetically different tea varieties. Here we found that the constitutive transcript level of the tea hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) gene CsiHPL1, and the amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and of total GLV components are significantly higher in tea varieties that are susceptible to E. vitis (Enbiao (EB) and Banzhuyuan (BZY)) than in varieties that are resistant to E. vitis (Changxingzisun (CX) and Juyan (JY)). Moreover, the results of a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay and an oviposition preference assay suggest that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol offer host and oviposition cues for E. vitis female adults. Taken together, the two GLV components, (Z)-3-hexenol and especially (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, provide a plausible mechanism by which tea green leafhoppers distinguish among resistant and susceptible varieties. Future research should be carried out to obtain the threshold of the above indices and then assess their reasonableness. The development of practical detection indices would greatly improve our ability to screen and develop tea varieties that are resistant to E. vitis.

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Exploiting push-pull strategy to combat the tea green leafhopper based on volatiles of Lavandula angustifolia and Flemingia macrophylla

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62778-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 193-203

Author(s):

Shan-jie HAN ◽

Meng-xin WANG ◽

Yan-su WANG ◽

Yun-gang WANG ◽

Lin CUI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lavandula Angustifolia ◽

Green Leafhopper ◽

Flemingia Macrophylla ◽

Pull Strategy

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The effects of non-host plant essential oil volatiles on the behaviour of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00237.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Alice L. Mauchline ◽

Juliet L. Osborne ◽

Andrew P. Martin ◽

Guy M. Poppy ◽

Wilf Powell

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Host Plant ◽

Meligethes Aeneus ◽

Pollen Beetle

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Host-location behavior of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Göthe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): olfactory and visual effects on their orientation

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485317000931 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 423-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X. Zhang ◽

T. Pengsakul ◽

M. Tukayo ◽

L. Yu ◽

W. Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Location ◽

Compound Eye ◽

The Body ◽

Long Distance ◽

Olfactory Sensilla ◽

Green Leafhopper ◽

Leading Role ◽

Empoasca Vitis ◽

Opsin Genes ◽

Behavioral Mechanisms

AbstractThe tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Göthe, is one of the most serious pests in tea growing areas. This study investigated the roles played by olfaction and vision in host orientation behavior. The compound eye of E. vitis was found to be a photopic eye; few olfactory sensilla were found on the antennae, while abundant gustatory sensilla were recorded on the mouthparts. Three opsin genes (EV_LWop, EV_UVop, EV_Bop) were isolated and found to be mainly expressed in the compound eye compared with other parts of the body. Immunolocalization indicated that the opsins mainly located in the different regions of rhabdom. The transcription levels of EV_LWop, EV_Bop and EV_UVop were reduced by 77.3, 70.0 and 40.0%, respectively, by RNA interference induced by being fed a special RNA-rich diet for 6 days. The rate of tropism to host color was effectively impaired by 67.6 and 29.5% in the dsEV_LWop and dsEV_Bop treatment groups, but there was no significant change in the dsEV_UVop group. The determination of the cause of the tropism indicated that odors from the host over long distances were unable to attract E. vitis and were only detected when the insects were close to the host. The developed compound eye of E. vitis plays a leading role in host location, and the long-wavelength opsin significantly affects the tropism to host color; the lack of olfactory sensilla results in long-distance odors not being able to be detected until the insect is near to the host-plant. The understanding of these behavioral mechanisms, especially the importance of opsin genes is expected to be useful for pest management.

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Influence of grapevine water stress on egg laying, egg hatching and nymphal survival of the green leafhopper Empoasca vitis

Entomologia Generalis ◽

10.1127/entomologia/2021/1090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Fornasiero ◽

Francesco Pavan ◽

Alberto Pozzebon ◽

Carlo Duso

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Green Leafhopper ◽

Empoasca Vitis

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Characterization of Endophytic Streptomyces griseorubens MPT42 and Assessment of Antimicrobial Synergistic Interactions of its Extract and Essential Oil from Host Plant Litsea cubeba

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8040197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nguyen ◽

Vu ◽

Chu-Ky ◽

Vu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Host Plant ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Litsea Cubeba

The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of the crude ethyl acetate extract (CEAE) from endophytic actinomycete MPT42 and essential oil (EO) of the same host plant Litsea cubeba. The isolate MPT42, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and harboring all three antibiotic-related biosynthetic genes pks-I, pks-II, and nrps, was identified as Streptomycete griseorubens based on an analysis of the morphology, physiology, and 16S rDNA sequence. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the fractional inhibitory concentration index were used to estimate the synergistic effects of various combined ratios between CEAE or antibiotics (erythromycin, vancomycin) and EO toward 13 microbial strains including pathogens. L. cubeba fruit EO, showing the main chemical constituents of 36.0% citral, 29.6% carveol, and 20.5% limonene, revealed an active-low against tested microbes (MICs ≥ 600 μg/mL). The CEAE of S. griseorubens culture exhibited moderate–strong antimicrobial activities against microbes (MICs = 80–600 μg/mL). Analysis of the mechanism of action of EO on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 found that bacterial cells were dead after 7 h of the EO treatment at 1 MIC (5.5 mg/mL), where 62% cells were permeabilized after 2 h and 3% of them were filament (length ≥ 6 μm). Combinations of CEAE, erythromycin, or vancomycin with EO led to significant synergistic antimicrobial effects against microbes with 4–16 fold reduction in MIC values when compared to their single use. Interestingly, the vancomycin–EO combinations exhibited a strong synergistic effect against five Gram-negative bacterial species. This could assume that the synergy was possibly due to increasing the cell membrane permeability by the EO acting on the bacterial cells, which allows the uptake and diffusion of antimicrobial substances inside the cell easily. These findings in the present study therefore propose a possible alternative to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes in veterinary and clinics.

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