Influence of grapevine water stress on egg laying, egg hatching and nymphal survival of the green leafhopper Empoasca vitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fornasiero ◽  
Francesco Pavan ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Empoasca Vitis

Latrophilin mediates insecticides susceptibility and fecundity through two carboxylesterases, esterase4 and esterase6, in Tribolium castaneum

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wei ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
W. Xiong ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractLatrophilin (LPH) is known as an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor which involved in multiple physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies showed that lph not only involved the susceptibility to anticholinesterase insecticides but also affected fecundity in Tribolium castaneum. However, its regulatory mechanisms in these biological processes are still not clear. Here, we identified two potential downstream carboxylesterase (cce) genes of Tclph, esterase4 and esterase6, and further characterized their interactions with Tclph. After treatment of T. castaneum larvae with carbofuran or dichlorvos insecticides, the transcript levels of Tcest4 and Tcest6 were significantly induced from 12 to 72 h. RNAi against Tcest4 or Tcest6 led to the higher mortality compared with the controls after the insecticides treatment, suggesting that these two genes play a vital role in detoxification of insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, with insecticides exposure to Tclph knockdown beetles, the expression of Tcest4 was upregulated but Tcest6 was downregulated, indicating that beetles existed a compensatory response against the insecticides. Additionally, RNAi of Tcest6 resulted in 43% reductions in female egg laying and completely inhibited egg hatching, which showed the similar phenotype as that of Tclph knockdown. These results indicated that Tclph affected fecundity by positively regulating Tcest6 expression. Our findings will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Tclph involved in physiological functions in T. castaneum.

Tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants by detecting the emission level of (3Z)-hexenyl acetate

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-J. Xin ◽  
X.-W. Li ◽  
L. Bian ◽  
X.-L. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Hexenyl Acetate ◽  
Empoasca Vitis

AbstractGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs) have been reported to play an important role in the host-locating behavior of several folivores that feed on angiosperms. However, next to nothing is known about how the green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, chooses suitable host plants and whether it detects differing emission levels of GLV components among genetically different tea varieties. Here we found that the constitutive transcript level of the tea hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) gene CsiHPL1, and the amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and of total GLV components are significantly higher in tea varieties that are susceptible to E. vitis (Enbiao (EB) and Banzhuyuan (BZY)) than in varieties that are resistant to E. vitis (Changxingzisun (CX) and Juyan (JY)). Moreover, the results of a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay and an oviposition preference assay suggest that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenol offer host and oviposition cues for E. vitis female adults. Taken together, the two GLV components, (Z)-3-hexenol and especially (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, provide a plausible mechanism by which tea green leafhoppers distinguish among resistant and susceptible varieties. Future research should be carried out to obtain the threshold of the above indices and then assess their reasonableness. The development of practical detection indices would greatly improve our ability to screen and develop tea varieties that are resistant to E. vitis.

Egg-laying and hatching rhythms in the monogeneanDiplozoon homoion gracilefrom the southern barbel (Barbus meridionalis)

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Macdonald ◽  
A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACTDiplozoon homoion gracilefrom the southern barbel (Barbus meridionalis) displays an egg-laying and an egg hatching rhythm, the latter being more clearly defined. Egg laying continues both day and night but significantly more eggs are laid at night. The oncomiracidia hatch at dusk. If parasite eggs are eaten by the host they pass through the gut undamaged and hatch normally.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki on the grape berry moth Lobesia botrana Den. and Shiff. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under field and laboratory conditions in Crete

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ν.Ε. Roditakis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel Abbot Lab.) against the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Shiff.) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions (24±0.5°C, 55±5% r.h., 2,000 Lux, and 16 hours light daily) B. thuringiensis was compared to triflumuron and methomyl on egg hatching and shallow entries per grape berry. B. thuringiensis had no effect on egg hatching while methomyl and triflumuron had ovicidal action. Shallow entries per grape berry were 0.9-1, 0, 0 and 4.55 for B. thuringiensis, triflumuron, methomyl and control, respectively. Under field conditions, using as criteria for the timing of sprays: a. pheromone and food trap catches and b. visual counting of egg laying and a threshold of 20-30 eggs/100 grapes, two applications of B. thuringiensis at Kastelli Pediados in 1981 and four at Peza in 1982 were made both at the 2nd and 3rd flights. Its effectiveness was 96-100% and 92% at Kastelli Pediados and 73-75% at Peza.

Host-location behavior of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Göthe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): olfactory and visual effects on their orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
T. Pengsakul ◽  
M. Tukayo ◽  
L. Yu ◽  
W. Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Location ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Empoasca Vitis ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

AbstractThe tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Göthe, is one of the most serious pests in tea growing areas. This study investigated the roles played by olfaction and vision in host orientation behavior. The compound eye of E. vitis was found to be a photopic eye; few olfactory sensilla were found on the antennae, while abundant gustatory sensilla were recorded on the mouthparts. Three opsin genes (EV_LWop, EV_UVop, EV_Bop) were isolated and found to be mainly expressed in the compound eye compared with other parts of the body. Immunolocalization indicated that the opsins mainly located in the different regions of rhabdom. The transcription levels of EV_LWop, EV_Bop and EV_UVop were reduced by 77.3, 70.0 and 40.0%, respectively, by RNA interference induced by being fed a special RNA-rich diet for 6 days. The rate of tropism to host color was effectively impaired by 67.6 and 29.5% in the dsEV_LWop and dsEV_Bop treatment groups, but there was no significant change in the dsEV_UVop group. The determination of the cause of the tropism indicated that odors from the host over long distances were unable to attract E. vitis and were only detected when the insects were close to the host. The developed compound eye of E. vitis plays a leading role in host location, and the long-wavelength opsin significantly affects the tropism to host color; the lack of olfactory sensilla results in long-distance odors not being able to be detected until the insect is near to the host-plant. The understanding of these behavioral mechanisms, especially the importance of opsin genes is expected to be useful for pest management.

scholarly journals Oviposition Preference of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to Common Pulses and Potentiality of Triflumuron as their Protectant

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Fauzia Akhter ◽  
Rezina Laz ◽  
Selina Parween
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Green Peas

Seeds of black grams, lentils, Bengal grams and green peas were soaked separately in aqueous solutions of Triflumuron at doses of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm. Three day -old adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were allowed to oviposit on air-dried, treated or untreated pulses of each type and dose in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests. Maximum oviposition occurred in Bengal grams (61.00? 0.25) and green peas (33.67? 0.54) in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. The beetles avoided egg laying on lentils. Maximum egg-hatching occurred on black grams (>90%) in both tests. Minimum developmental time was required in the Bengal grams (30? 0.5 days in ‘no-choice' test and 31.33? 1.23 days in ‘free-choice' test). No adults emerged from green peas, while 54.79% and 86.15% emergence were recorded from untreated black grams in ‘no-choice' and ‘free-choice' tests, respectively. Triflumuron reduced egg-laying significantly in green peas, where hatchability also reduced significantly to 35.99% at 2 ppm in ‘no-choice' test. Percentage of hatching decreased in all pulses with the increasing doses of triflumuron. No adults emerged from the treated green peas in any test, and at 2 ppm the adult emergence declined to < 50% in all pulses. Implications of these results are further discussed.  Key words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Triflumuron, seed protectant, fecundity, hatchability, developmental period, adult emergence   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2207 J. bio-sci. 15: 83-88, 2007

scholarly journals Forced Egg Laying Method to Establish F1 Progeny from Field Populations and Laboratory Strains of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amonrat Panthawong ◽  
Chutipong Sukkanon ◽  
Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan ◽  
Jeffrey Hii ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
F1 Progeny

Abstract Successful monitoring of physiological resistance of malaria vectors requires about 150 female mosquitoes for a single set of tests. In some situations, the sampling effort is insufficient due to the low number of field-caught mosquitoes. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the forced oviposition method for producing F1 from field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 430 and 598 gravid Anopheles females from four laboratory strains and five field populations, respectively, were tested. After blood feeding, gravid mosquitoes were individually introduced into transparent plastic vials, containing moistened cotton balls topped with a 4 cm2 piece of filter paper. The number of eggs, hatching larvae, pupation, and adult emergence were recorded daily. The mean number of eggs per female mosquito ranged from 39.3 for Anopheles cracens to 93.6 for Anopheles dirus in the laboratory strains, and from 36.3 for Anopheles harrisoni to 147.6 for Anopheles barbirostris s.l. in the field populations. A relatively high egg hatching rate was found in An. dirus (95.85%), Anopheles minimus (78.22%), and An. cracens (75.59%). Similarly, a relatively high pupation rate was found for almost all test species ranging from 66% for An. minimus to 98.7% for Anopheles maculatus, and lowest for An. harrisoni (43.9%). Highly successful adult emergence rate was observed among 85–100% of pupae that emerged in all tested mosquito populations. The in-tube forced oviposition method is a promising method for the production of sufficient F1 progeny for molecular identification, vector competence, insecticide resistance, and bioassay studies.

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