Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is rapidly increasing in tropical regions. We studied the response of soil carbon dioxide CO2 efflux to long-term experimental N-addition (125 kg N ha−1 yr-1) in mature lowland and montane forests in Panamá. In the lowland forest, on soils with high nutrient-supplying and buffering capacity, fine litterfall and stem-growth were neither N- nor phosphorus-limited. In the montane forest, on soils with low nutrient supplying capacity and an organic layer, fine litterfall and stem-growth were N-limited. Our objectives were to 1) explore the influence of soil temperature and moisture on the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux and 2) determine the responses of soil CO2 efflux from an N-rich and N-limited forest to elevated N input. Annual soil CO2-C efflux was larger from the lowland (15.20±1.25 Mg C ha−1) than the montane forest (9.36±0.29 Mg C ha−1). In the lowland forest, soil moisture explained the largest fraction of the variance in soil CO2 efflux while soil temperature was the main explanatory variable in the montane forest. Soil CO2 efflux in the lowland forest did not differ between the control and 9–11 yr N-addition plots, suggesting that chronic N input to nutrient-rich tropical lowland forests on well-buffered soils may not change their C balance in decadal scale. In the montane forest, first year N addition did not affect soil CO2 efflux but annual CO2 efflux was reduced by 14% and 8% in the 2- and 3 yr N-addition plots, respectively, compared to the control. This reduction was caused by a decrease in soil CO2 efflux during the high stem-growth period of the year, suggesting a shift in carbon partitioning from below- to aboveground in the N-addition plots where stem diameter growth was promoted.

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DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF SORGHUM BICOLOR. 2. WATER STRESS EFFECTS ON GROWTH

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-032 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

DARRYL G. STOUT ◽

TISSA KANNANGARA ◽

GRAHAM M. SIMPSON

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Water Status ◽

Growth Period ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Pressure Potential ◽

Inflorescence Development ◽

Growth Changes ◽

Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Water stress influenced both rate and period of growth of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. plants. In cv. M35, water stress extended the period of leaf and stem growth and inflorescence development was delayed. In cv. NK300, the leaf and stem growth period was shortened and inflorescence development advanced by water stress. Decreased vegetative and reproductive growth occurred in both cultivars even though a positive pressure potential was detected, indicating that only small changes in water status resulted in growth changes.

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Growth And Phenology Of Established Tilia Cordata Street Trees In Response To Different Irrigation Regimes

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2006.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Oliver Bühler ◽

Christian Nørgård Nielsen ◽

Palle Kristoffersen

Keyword(s):

Growth Period ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Street Trees ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Southern Side ◽

Northern Side ◽

Stem Increment

The effect of different irrigation regimes on growth and phenology of 100 established Tilia cordata street trees was investigated during the growth period of 2004. Relative stem increment increased significantly when irrigating with 280, 320, or 640 L (74, 84.5, and 169 gal) of water throughout the growth period. The length of the growth period was affected by irrigation regimes in regard to termination of growth, as the trees receiving 640 L (169 gal) had a growth period significantly longer than the control trees. These results indicate that growth and growth period of street trees are augmented by an increase in the amount of water available to them. In addition, block effects concerning the start of the growth period were observed, as trees situated on the northern side of the street initiated stem growth 7 days earlier than the trees on the southern side.

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Chronic nitrogen addition causes a reduction in soil carbon dioxide efflux during the high stem-growth period in a tropical montane forest but no response from a tropical lowland forest on a decadal time scale

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-2973-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 2973-2983 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

B. Koehler ◽

M. D. Corre ◽

E. Veldkamp ◽

J. P. Sueta

Keyword(s):

Growth Period ◽

Montane Forest ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Soil Co2 Efflux ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

N Addition ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Lowland Forest ◽

Decadal Time Scale ◽

Soil Carbon Dioxide

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is rapidly increasing in tropical regions. We studied the response of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux to long-term experimental N addition (125 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in mature lowland and montane forests in Panama. In the lowland forest, on soils with high nutrient-supplying and buffering capacity, fine litterfall and stem-growth were neither N- nor phosphorus-limited. In the montane forest, on soils with low nutrient supplying capacity and an organic layer, fine litterfall and stem-growth were N-limited. Our objectives were to 1) explore the influence of soil temperature and moisture on the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux and 2) determine the responses of soil CO2 efflux from an N-rich and N-limited forest to elevated N input. Annual soil CO2-C efflux was larger in the lowland (15.44 ± 1.02 Mg C ha−1) than in the montane forest (9.37 ± 0.28 Mg C ha−1). In the lowland forest, soil moisture explained the largest fraction of the variance in soil CO2 efflux while soil temperature was the main explanatory variable in the montane forest. Soil CO2 efflux in the lowland forest did not differ between the control and 9–11 yr N-addition plots, suggesting that chronic N input to nutrient-rich tropical lowland forests on well-buffered soils may not change their C balance on a decadal time scale. In the montane forest, first year N addition did not affect soil CO2 efflux but annual CO2 efflux was reduced by 14% and 8% in the 2nd and 3rd year N-addition plots, respectively, compared to the control. This reduction was caused by a decrease in soil CO2 efflux during the high stem-growth period of the year, suggesting a shift in carbon partitioning from below- to aboveground in the N-addition plots in which stem diameter growth was promoted.

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The Early Stages of Grain Development in Wheat: Response to Light and Temperature in a Single Variety

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9700765 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 765 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

IF Wardlaw

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Grain Development ◽

Endosperm Tissue ◽

Final Number ◽

Early Stages ◽

Number Of Cells ◽

Single Variety

For wheat plants (cv. Gabo) grown under natural daylight at a temperature of 21/16�C, increase in dry weight of the stem exceeded that of the ear for the first 10 days following anthesis. Higher temperatures (27/22�C) resulted in a greater rate of grain development, with a corresponding increase in the rate of cell division in the endosperm tissue, and a shortening of the stem growth period. Despite initial differences in the rates of cell division with variation in temperature, the final number of cells formed in an endosperm did not vary significantly between temperature treatments. Dry weight accumulation in the stem was, in contrast to the grain, highest at lower temperatures (15/10�C).

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Evidence for the involvement of jasmonic acid in the control of the stem-growth habit of soybean plants

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830104.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasunori Koda ◽

Koichi Yoshida ◽

Yoshio Kikuta

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Soybean Plants

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Konsep Orang Tua Yang Durhaka Dalam Perspektif Islam

AKADEMIKA ◽

10.30736/akademika.v11i1.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 116-124

Author(s):

Siti Suwaibatul Aslamiyah

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Social Life ◽

Adult Life ◽

Growth Period ◽

Early Age ◽

Family Roles ◽

Good Person ◽

Elderly Parents ◽

The Family ◽

Expectant Mothers

Many are peeling many of wich explore the child’s ungodly behavior to parents, but few who explore the opposite phenomenon of the ungodly behavior of parents against their children. Children is a grace from God of Allah swt to his parents to be grateful, educated and fostered to be a good person, strong personality and ethical Islamic. While, the development of religion in children is largely determined by the education and their experience, especially during the pre-election period of expectant mothers and fathers and the first growth period from 0 to 12 years. For that, the author is moved to explore and examine (about) the concept of elderly parents in the perspective of Islam. This is the author thoroughly to know who exactly the child in his existence according to Islam? What is the rule and rule of education in family and family roles in children’s education? What are the preparations (actions) that are classified as the ungodly behavior of parens against the child? In this study shows there is an effect (impact) between the family environment (parents) on the formation of islamic character and ethics in children from an early age mainly from the factors of prospective fathers and prospective mothers so the authors get the correlation that the failure of good personality planting in early childhood will turn out to form a problematic person in his adulthood (his grow up). While the success of parents guiding their children will determine the formation of character and their morals so that the family environment conditions are crucial for the success of children in social life in their adult life later (after grow up). In this study resulted in the conclusion that there are some things that make the parents become ungodly against their children and it has been conceptualized in the holy book of the Qur’an which at least in this study collected there are 14 components of eldery behavior of the lawless to their children.

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DYNAMICS OF BARLEY FLAVONOID AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UF-A RADIATION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/4/14-18 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

L. I. Goncharova ◽

P. N. Tsygvintsev ◽

О. А. Guseva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

Growth Period ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Uv Spectrum ◽

Quantum Energy ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Universal Mechanism

The effect of increased UV-A radiation during the ontogeny of barley plants of the Vladimir variety in the vegetation experiment was studied. Changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde, flavonoids and grain yield were revealed. UV-A radiation as compared to UV-B radiation, has lower quantum energy and can have both positive and negative effects on plant regulatory and photosynthetic processes. One of the most damaging effects of increased levels of UV-A radiation is oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation of biological membranes. The existence of a plant cell in such conditions is possible only thanks to a system of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The accumulation of phenolic compounds under the action of UV radiation is a universal mechanism of protection against photodamage, which was formed in the early stages of the evolution of photoautotrophic organisms. Flavonoids are localized in the epidermis of plant tissues and act as an internal filter. The content of flavonoids is determined by the genotype and due to ontogenetic patterns. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in vessels containing 4.5 kg of air-dry soil. The repetition is threefold (3 vessels in each variant). Sowing density - 13 plants in each vessel. As a source of UV-A radiation used lamps Black Light BLUE company Philips. Plants were irradiated for 5 hours a day from 10 to 15 hours at 13, 25, 34, 43 and 52 stages of organogenesis. The magnitude of the daily biologically effective dose of UV-A radiation was 60.7 kJ / m2. The solar part of the UV spectrum in the vegetation experiment was absent in the greenhouse. The nature of changes in the content of flavonoids under the action of UV-A irradiation during the growing season of plants with the dynamics of the oxidative process has been established. The first maximum was observed during the vegetative growth period, the second - at the earing stage. The data obtained indicate that flavonoids have ontogenetic conditionality and perform photoprotective functions. The increase in their content under the action of UV-A radiation is accompanied by an increase in resistance to photodamage, which is confirmed by the formation of grain yield.

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