Pathways in the association between added sugar consumption, obesity in mother‐child dyads, and chronic oral disease burden in early childhood

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sângela Maria Pereira Araújo ◽  
Gisele Quariguasi Tobias Lima da Silva ◽  
Elizabeth Lima Costa ◽  
Ana Margarida Melo Nunes ◽  
Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar

Added Sugar Consumption and Chronic Oral Disease Burden among Adolescents in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D.S. Carmo ◽  
M.R.C. Ribeiro ◽  
J.X.P Teixeira ◽  
C.M.C. Alves ◽  
M.M. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome Alterations Associated with Early Childhood Caries Highlight the Importance of Carbohydrate Metabolic Activities

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Sa Wang ◽  
Chunyan Wu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Zhuhui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Globally, dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease and affects roughly half of all children. The aim of this report was to use metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and caries in preschool children. A total of 25 preschoolers, aged 3 to 5 years old with severe early childhood caries (ECC), and 19 age-matched, caries-free children as controls were recruited. Saliva samples were collected from the participants and were subjected to metagenomic analyses, whereby the oral microbial communities were investigated. The metagenomic analyses revealed substantial microbiota differences between the two groups, indicating apparent shifts of the oral microbiome present in the ECC group. At the species level, the ECC-enriched microbes included Prevotella amnii, Shuttleworthia satelles, Olsenella uli, and Anaeroglobus geminatus. Interestingly, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces graevenitzii exhibited apparent differences at the strain level but not the species level between the ECC and control groups. Functional examination showed that the ECC group displayed extensive alterations in metabolic genes/pathways/modules, including enriched functions in sugar metabolism. Finally, an SVM (support vector machine) classifier comprising seven species was developed and generated a moderately good performance in predicting caries onset (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 78.33%). Together, these findings indicate that caries is associated with considerable changes in the oral microbiome, some of which can potentially be exploited as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02341352.) IMPORTANCE Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease that can lead to severe dental damage and may greatly compromise the quality of life of the affected individuals. Previous studies, including those based on 16S rRNA gene, have revealed that the oral microbiota plays a prominent role in development of the disease. But the approach of those studies was limited in analyzing several key microbiome traits, including species- or strain-level composition and functional profile. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses for a cohort of preschool children with or without caries. Our results showed that caries was associated with extensive microbiota differences at various taxonomic and functional levels. Some caries-associated species had not been previously reported, some of which may have significant clinical implications. A microbiome gene catalogue from children with caries was constructed for the first time. The results demonstrated that caries is associated with alterations of the oral microbiome, including changes in microbial composition and metabolic functional profile.

scholarly journals Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Kalpana ◽  
Puniethaa Prabhu ◽  
Ashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Arunsaikiran Senthilkumar ◽  
Raj Pranap Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

AbstractDental caries is the most prevalent oral disease affecting nearly 70% of children in India and elsewhere. Micro-ecological niche based acidification due to dysbiosis in oral microbiome are crucial for caries onset and progression. Here we report the tooth bacteriome diversity compared in Indian children with caries free (CF), severe early childhood caries (SC) and recurrent caries (RC). High quality V3–V4 amplicon sequencing revealed that SC exhibited high bacterial diversity with unique combination and interrelationship. Gracillibacteria_GN02 and TM7 were unique in CF and SC respectively, while Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria were significantly high in RC. Interestingly, we found Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus clade 071 in all groups with significant abundance in SC and RC. Positive correlation between low and high abundant bacteria as well as with TCS, PTS and ABC transporters were seen from co-occurrence network analysis. This could lead to persistence of SC niche resulting in RC. Comparative in vitro assessment of biofilm formation showed that the standard culture of S. oralis and its phylogenetically similar clinical isolates showed profound biofilm formation and augmented the growth and enhanced biofilm formation in S. mutans in both dual and multispecies cultures.

scholarly journals Children’s Consumption Patterns and Their Parent’s Perception of a Healthy Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2322
Author(s):  
Jessica Eliason ◽  
Francesco Acciai ◽  
Robin S. DeWeese ◽  
Sonia Vega-López ◽  
Punam Ohri-Vachaspati
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar

This study aims to examine children’s fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption relative to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the American Heart Association’s recommendations, as well as to compare children’s reported consumption with parental perception of the child’s overall diet quality. Data were drawn from 2 independent, cross sectional panels (2009–10 and 2014–15) of the New Jersey Child Health Study. The analytical sample included 2229 households located in five New Jersey cities. Daily consumption of fruit (cups), vegetables (cups), and added sugars (teaspoons) for all children (3–18 years old) were based on parent reports. Multivariate linear regression analyses estimated children’s adjusted fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption across parents’ perception categories (Disagree; Somewhat Agree; and Strongly Agree that their child eats healthy). Although only a small proportion of children meet recommendations, the majority of parents strongly agreed that their child ate healthy. Nonetheless, significant differences, in the expected direction, were observed in vegetable and fruit consumption (but not sugar) across parental perceptional categories for most age/sex groups. Dietary interventions tailored to parents should include specific quantity and serving-size information for fruit and vegetable recommendations, based on their child’s age/sex, and highlight sources of added sugar and their sugar content.

Oral Health Knowledge of Pregnant Women on Pregnancy Gingivitis and Children's Oral Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zhong ◽  
KN Ma ◽  
YS Wong ◽  
Y So ◽  
PC Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Children’S Oral Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Pregnancy gingivitis and early childhood caries remain prevalent in Hong Kong. The aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's knowledge and beliefs related to pregnancy gingivitis and children's oral health. Study design: An outreach survey was carried out in a clinic that provided antenatal examination. A written oral health questionnaire related to pregnancy gingivitis and early childhood caries was administered to pregnant women. Of the 106 pregnant women who enrolled in the study, 100 completed the questionnaires. Results: Among the 100 subjects, only 39% correctly identified that hormonal changes contribute to pregnancy gingivitis. Only 36% identified red and swollen gums as signs of gingivitis. Furthermore, 53% of the surveyed pregnant women were not sure about the amount of toothpaste to administer to a child aged 18 months to 5 years. Almost 50% assumed that a replanted avulsed tooth would probably not survive within a short extra-alveolar period of less than 60 minutes. Conclusion: Prenatal women generally lack knowledge of a common oral disease that occurs during pregnancy and of what constitutes adequate oral health care for children. Oral health care education should be implemented as part of a prenatal care program.

scholarly journals Common Elements of Two Popular Diets That Confer Health Benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Author(s):  
James Painter ◽  
Margaret McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Allium Vegetables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Objectives Many popular diets cite peer reviewed evidence of their effectiveness for disease reduction, yet point to very different reasons for their purported health benefits. The Atkins diet credits the low carbohydrate, high fat and moderate animal proteins as providing the benefit, while the Ornish diet credits the high carbohydrate, low fat, and low animal proteins. These diets seem to be at polar opposites in macronutrient recommendations but both claim benefits. Our hypothesis was that aside from the vastly differing macronutrient percentages, there are common elements in these diets that may be providing some of the benefits. Our research question was: Are there common elements in each diet and are they providing some of the purported health benefit? Methods The Atkins and Ornish dietary plans were compared to determine if there were similarities in dietary recommendations. A review of the literature was conducted regarding the potential health benefits of the common elements. Results Common elements within both the Aktins and Ornish dietary guidelines include: 1. Reduce consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods that are typical of the Standard American diet, and increase consumption of whole foods 2. Reduce added sugar consumption and consume adequate fiber 3. Increase consumption of non-starchy, green leafy, cruciferous, and allium vegetables A literature review of each of these three elements revealed a broad consensus on the health benefits. Frequent consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods are associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases. Added sugar consumption has been shown to cause dental caries. Green leafy vegetables provide high levels of many nutrients necessary for good health including vitamin A and potassium. Cruciferous vegetables have been shown to increase phase 2 enzymes in the liver and are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Allium vegetables exhibit antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Conclusions These common elements could be used as a starting point for a healthy diet. Rather than focus on macronutrient percentages and sources, nutrition advice should focus on discouraging foods high in added sugars and low nutrients, low fiber foods and encouraging consumption of whole foods and non-starchy vegetables. Funding Sources Funding was not secured for this study.

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