Sweet Taste and Added Sugar Consumption in Infancy and Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Alissa D. Smethers ◽  
Julie A. Mennella
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Infancy And Childhood

scholarly journals Children’s Consumption Patterns and Their Parent’s Perception of a Healthy Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2322
Author(s):  
Jessica Eliason ◽  
Francesco Acciai ◽  
Robin S. DeWeese ◽  
Sonia Vega-López ◽  
Punam Ohri-Vachaspati
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar

This study aims to examine children’s fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption relative to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the American Heart Association’s recommendations, as well as to compare children’s reported consumption with parental perception of the child’s overall diet quality. Data were drawn from 2 independent, cross sectional panels (2009–10 and 2014–15) of the New Jersey Child Health Study. The analytical sample included 2229 households located in five New Jersey cities. Daily consumption of fruit (cups), vegetables (cups), and added sugars (teaspoons) for all children (3–18 years old) were based on parent reports. Multivariate linear regression analyses estimated children’s adjusted fruit, vegetable, and added sugar consumption across parents’ perception categories (Disagree; Somewhat Agree; and Strongly Agree that their child eats healthy). Although only a small proportion of children meet recommendations, the majority of parents strongly agreed that their child ate healthy. Nonetheless, significant differences, in the expected direction, were observed in vegetable and fruit consumption (but not sugar) across parental perceptional categories for most age/sex groups. Dietary interventions tailored to parents should include specific quantity and serving-size information for fruit and vegetable recommendations, based on their child’s age/sex, and highlight sources of added sugar and their sugar content.

scholarly journals Common Elements of Two Popular Diets That Confer Health Benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Author(s):  
James Painter ◽  
Margaret McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Allium Vegetables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Objectives Many popular diets cite peer reviewed evidence of their effectiveness for disease reduction, yet point to very different reasons for their purported health benefits. The Atkins diet credits the low carbohydrate, high fat and moderate animal proteins as providing the benefit, while the Ornish diet credits the high carbohydrate, low fat, and low animal proteins. These diets seem to be at polar opposites in macronutrient recommendations but both claim benefits. Our hypothesis was that aside from the vastly differing macronutrient percentages, there are common elements in these diets that may be providing some of the benefits. Our research question was: Are there common elements in each diet and are they providing some of the purported health benefit? Methods The Atkins and Ornish dietary plans were compared to determine if there were similarities in dietary recommendations. A review of the literature was conducted regarding the potential health benefits of the common elements. Results Common elements within both the Aktins and Ornish dietary guidelines include: 1. Reduce consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods that are typical of the Standard American diet, and increase consumption of whole foods 2. Reduce added sugar consumption and consume adequate fiber 3. Increase consumption of non-starchy, green leafy, cruciferous, and allium vegetables A literature review of each of these three elements revealed a broad consensus on the health benefits. Frequent consumption of low nutrient, low fiber foods are associated with increased risk of many chronic diseases. Added sugar consumption has been shown to cause dental caries. Green leafy vegetables provide high levels of many nutrients necessary for good health including vitamin A and potassium. Cruciferous vegetables have been shown to increase phase 2 enzymes in the liver and are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Allium vegetables exhibit antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Conclusions These common elements could be used as a starting point for a healthy diet. Rather than focus on macronutrient percentages and sources, nutrition advice should focus on discouraging foods high in added sugars and low nutrients, low fiber foods and encouraging consumption of whole foods and non-starchy vegetables. Funding Sources Funding was not secured for this study.

Breath 13CO2 - evidence for a non-invasive biomarker to measure added refined sugar uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Gordon S. Howarth ◽  
Margaret Kosek ◽  
Geoffrey P. Davidson ◽  
Ross N. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Non Invasive

Increased consumption of added sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup in the human diet has been associated with increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic disease. There are currently no reliable, objective biomarkers for added sugar intake that could be used in individuals or population settings. 13C is a stable isotope of carbon and measurement of blood 13C content has been proposed as a marker of added sugar consumption. This study aimed to determine if breath 13CO2 could represent an alternative, non-invasive biomarker to monitor added sugar intake. We undertook retrospective analyses of eight pre-clinical and human 13C-breath studies to define baseline breath 13CO2 characteristics. All samples were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry and breath 13CO2 was expressed as the delta value, δ expressed as parts per thousand (‰). All data is expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean, with statistical significance considered at p<0.05. Breath δ13CO2 was significantly elevated in a cumulative manner in rats and mice that consumed a diet containing at least 15% sucrose. Mice fed an American rodent chow diet containing 50% sucrose and 15% corn starch had a significantly higher breath δ13CO2 compared to rodents consuming an Australian rodent chow diet. Furthermore, breath δ13CO2 was significantly increased in a dose dependent manner in humans that ingested a bolus dose of sucrose. These findings suggest application for baseline breath δ13CO2 as a non-invasive biomarker for added sugar consumption, with broad application for longitudinal assessment of population sugar intake and obesity management strategies.

The Potential of a Single- Versus a Dual-isotope Prediction Equation for Added Sugar Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. A61
Author(s):  
V. Hedrick ◽  
T. Halliday ◽  
B. Davy ◽  
A.H. Jahren ◽  
J. Zoellner
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Single Versus

scholarly journals Milk Options Observation (MOO): A Mixed-Methods Study of Chocolate Milk Removal on Beverage Consumption and Student/Staff Behaviors in a Rural Elementary School

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda M. Davis ◽  
Margaret Spurlock ◽  
Katrina Ramsey ◽  
Jamie Smith ◽  
Beth Ann Beamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Student Reactions

Providing flavored milk in school lunches is controversial, with conflicting evidence on its impact on nutritional intake versus added sugar consumption and excess weight gain. Nonindustry-sponsored studies using individual-level analyses are needed. Therefore, we conducted this mixed-methods study of flavored milk removal at a rural primary school between May and June 2012. We measured beverage selection/consumption pre- and post-chocolate milk removal and collected observation field notes. We used linear and logistic mixed models to assess beverage waste and identified themes in staff and student reactions. Our analysis of data from 315 unique students and 1,820 beverages choices indicated that average added sugar intake decreased by 2.8 g postremoval, while average reductions in calcium and protein consumption were negligible (12.2 mg and 0.3 g, respectively). Five thematic findings emerged, including concerns expressed by adult staff about student rebellion following removal, which did not come to fruition. Removing flavored milk from school-provided lunches may lower students’ daily added sugar consumption without considerably decreasing calcium and protein intake and may promote healthy weight.

scholarly journals A novel method for detecting dietary (and other) toxicities: quantifying the adverse effects of added sugar consumption (814.8)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ruff ◽  
Sara Hugentobler ◽  
Amanda Suchy ◽  
Mirtha Sosa ◽  
Ruth Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Novel Method
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