scholarly journals Oral Microbiome Alterations Associated with Early Childhood Caries Highlight the Importance of Carbohydrate Metabolic Activities

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Sa Wang ◽  
Chunyan Wu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Zhuhui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Globally, dental caries is the most prevalent chronic oral disease and affects roughly half of all children. The aim of this report was to use metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and caries in preschool children. A total of 25 preschoolers, aged 3 to 5 years old with severe early childhood caries (ECC), and 19 age-matched, caries-free children as controls were recruited. Saliva samples were collected from the participants and were subjected to metagenomic analyses, whereby the oral microbial communities were investigated. The metagenomic analyses revealed substantial microbiota differences between the two groups, indicating apparent shifts of the oral microbiome present in the ECC group. At the species level, the ECC-enriched microbes included Prevotella amnii, Shuttleworthia satelles, Olsenella uli, and Anaeroglobus geminatus. Interestingly, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces graevenitzii exhibited apparent differences at the strain level but not the species level between the ECC and control groups. Functional examination showed that the ECC group displayed extensive alterations in metabolic genes/pathways/modules, including enriched functions in sugar metabolism. Finally, an SVM (support vector machine) classifier comprising seven species was developed and generated a moderately good performance in predicting caries onset (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 78.33%). Together, these findings indicate that caries is associated with considerable changes in the oral microbiome, some of which can potentially be exploited as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02341352.) IMPORTANCE Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease that can lead to severe dental damage and may greatly compromise the quality of life of the affected individuals. Previous studies, including those based on 16S rRNA gene, have revealed that the oral microbiota plays a prominent role in development of the disease. But the approach of those studies was limited in analyzing several key microbiome traits, including species- or strain-level composition and functional profile. Here, we performed metagenomic analyses for a cohort of preschool children with or without caries. Our results showed that caries was associated with extensive microbiota differences at various taxonomic and functional levels. Some caries-associated species had not been previously reported, some of which may have significant clinical implications. A microbiome gene catalogue from children with caries was constructed for the first time. The results demonstrated that caries is associated with alterations of the oral microbiome, including changes in microbial composition and metabolic functional profile.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. O’Connell ◽  
Ryan Santos ◽  
Garrett Springer ◽  
Robert A. Burne ◽  
Marcelle M. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Dental caries is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Bacteria and fungi are both commensals in the oral cavity; however, most research regarding caries has focused on bacterial impacts. The oral fungal mycobiome associated with caries is not well characterized, and its role in disease is unclear. ITS1 amplicon sequencing was used to generate taxonomic profiles from site-specific supragingival plaque samples (n = 82) obtained from 33 children with different caries status. Children were either caries free (CF), caries active with enamel lesions (CAE), or caries active with dentin lesions (CA). Plaque samples were collected from caries-free surfaces (PF) and from enamel (PE) and dentin (PD) lesions. Taxonomic profiles representing the different categorizations (CF-PF, CAE-PF, CAE-PE, CA-PF, CA-PE, and CA-PD) were used to characterize the mycobiome and its change through disease progression. A total of 139 fungal species were identified. Candida albicans was the most abundant species, followed by Candida dubliniensis. We found that severely progressed plaque communities (CA-PD) were significantly different from healthy plaque communities (CF-PF). A total of 32 taxa were differentially abundant across the plaque categories. C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, Nigrospora oryzae, and an unclassified Microdochium sp. were correlated with caries, whereas 12 other taxa were correlated with health. C. dubliniensis increased steadily as caries progressed, suggesting that C. dubliniensis may play an important role in caries pathogenicity. In contrast, four health-associated fungal taxa have the potential to antagonize the cariogen Streptococcus mutans via xylitol production, suggesting a possible fungal mechanism that could contribute to maintenance of dental health. IMPORTANCE Early-childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide and, while preventable, remains a global public health concern. Untreated cavities are painful and expensive and can lead to tooth loss and a lower quality of life. Caries are driven by acid production via microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, resulting in enamel erosion. While caries is a well-studied disease, most research has focused on bacterial impacts, even though fungi are commensal organisms living within the plaque biofilm. There is very little known about how fungi impact caries pathogenicity. The elucidation of fungal taxa involved in caries disease progression is necessary for a more holistic view of the human oral microbiome. Data from this study will improve our understanding of how the fungal community changes as disease progresses and provide insight into the complex etiology of dental caries, which is necessary for the development of treatment plans and preventative measures.

scholarly journals Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Kalpana ◽  
Puniethaa Prabhu ◽  
Ashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Arunsaikiran Senthilkumar ◽  
Raj Pranap Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

AbstractDental caries is the most prevalent oral disease affecting nearly 70% of children in India and elsewhere. Micro-ecological niche based acidification due to dysbiosis in oral microbiome are crucial for caries onset and progression. Here we report the tooth bacteriome diversity compared in Indian children with caries free (CF), severe early childhood caries (SC) and recurrent caries (RC). High quality V3–V4 amplicon sequencing revealed that SC exhibited high bacterial diversity with unique combination and interrelationship. Gracillibacteria_GN02 and TM7 were unique in CF and SC respectively, while Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria were significantly high in RC. Interestingly, we found Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus clade 071 in all groups with significant abundance in SC and RC. Positive correlation between low and high abundant bacteria as well as with TCS, PTS and ABC transporters were seen from co-occurrence network analysis. This could lead to persistence of SC niche resulting in RC. Comparative in vitro assessment of biofilm formation showed that the standard culture of S. oralis and its phylogenetically similar clinical isolates showed profound biofilm formation and augmented the growth and enhanced biofilm formation in S. mutans in both dual and multispecies cultures.

scholarly journals Use of principles of pathogenetic treatment of decompensated form of early childhood caries in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
M. A. Danilova ◽  
N. A. Machulina ◽  
D. V. Kamenskikh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Main Group ◽  
One Year ◽  
Childhood Caries

Aim. To ground the individualized pathogenetic approach to treatment of dental caries in preschool children. Materials and methods. We carried out the controlled randomized retrospective study, which included 111 children aged 12 to 72 months with decompensated form of caries course. Patients of the main group received pathogenetic treatment of dental caries, patients of the comparison group received symptomatic treatment and a complex of preventive measures. Patients of both groups were monitored after 6, 12 and 24 months. Results. The analyzed changes in caries intensity from the onset of performing individualized pathogenetic treatment of early childhood caries detected that 6 months later, a mean quantity of newly damaged surfaces was thrice as less in patients of the main group than in the comparison group. The data received one year after the onset of treatment, demonstrate a significant decrease in the growth of caries intensity of surfaces on average by one surface in persons of the main group compared to the comparison group (0.35 ± 0.12 and 1.57 ± 0.87, respectively, p = 0.05). Conclusions. The choice of rational approaches to the treatment of early childhood caries should be substantiated by histomorphological status of temporary teeth hard tissues, physicochemical parameters of oral fluid and pathogenetic protocols, adapted to specificity of early childhood caries course.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Trajectories on Obesity and Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Narendar Manohar ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
Jane A. Scott ◽  
Loc G. Do ◽  
Sameer Bhole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Childhood Caries

This study examines the impact of longitudinal dietary trajectories on obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in Australia. Mother–infant dyads from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study were interviewed at 4 and 8 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children underwent anthropometric and oral health assessments between 3 and 4 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analysis were performed for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries, respectively. The intake of core, discretionary, and sugary foods showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 10% (n = 72) and that of early childhood caries (ECC) was 33% (mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score: 1.96). Children with the highest trajectories of discretionary foods intake were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR: 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.16–5.42). Continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with higher dmfs scores (adjusted IRR: 2.17, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.73). Highest socioeconomic disadvantage was the most significant determinant for overweight or obesity (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.11–7.34) and ECC (adjusted IRR: 2.71, 95 %CI: 1.48–4.97). Targeted health promotion interventions should be designed to prevent the incidence of two highly prevalent conditions in preschool children.

Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110021
Author(s):  
O.O. Olatosi ◽  
A.A. Alade ◽  
T. Naicker ◽  
T. Busch ◽  
A. Oyapero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

The Association of Early Childhood Caries and Race/Ethnicity among California Preschool Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H. Shiboski ◽  
Stuart A. Gansky ◽  
Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Robert Isman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Childhood Caries

Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
Revathy Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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