Epilepsy with myoclonic‐atonic seizures (Doose syndrome): Clarification of diagnosis and treatment options through a large retrospective multicenter cohort

Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that results in poor disease prognosis due to unsuccessful treatment options. During the early stages of tumor progression, surgery is the primary approach that assures a good outcome. However, in the presence of metastasis, melanoma hasbecome almost immedicable, since the tumors can not be removed and the disease recurs easily in a short period of time. However, in recent years, the combination of nanomedicine and chemotherapeutic drugs has offered promising solutions to the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Extensive studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials and their advanced applications can improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs in order to overcome the disadvantages, such as drug resistance, low drug delivery rate and reduced targeting to the tumor tissue. In the present review, we summarized the latest progress in imaging diagnosis and treatment of melanoma using functional nanomaterials, including polymers, liposomes, metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are reported widely in melanoma chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and hyperthermia.

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Posterior circulation stroke: an easily overlooked complication of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-234661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. e234661

Author(s):

Tahir Nazir ◽

Mohiuddin Sharief ◽

James Farthing ◽

Irfan M Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Catheter Ablation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Posterior Circulation ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Cerebellar Infarction ◽

Af Ablation ◽

Posterior Circulation Stroke ◽

Ventricular Response

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has established itself as a safe and proven rhythm control strategy for selected patients with AF over the past decade. Thromboembolic complications of catheter ablation are becoming rare in anticoagulated patients with a risk of stroke reported as 0.3%. A particular challenge is posed by clinical presentation due to ischaemic stroke involving the posterior circulation following catheter ablation because of its substantial differences from the carotid territory stroke, making the timely diagnosis and treatment very difficult. It is crucial to keep an index of clinical suspicion in patients presenting with neurological deficits related to vertebrobasilar circulation following ablation. We describe the case of a man who presented with dizziness and palpitations after radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF. He was found to be in AF with a rapid ventricular response. His dizziness was initially attributed to the cardiac dysrhythmia. As his symptoms continued despite heart rate control, he underwent further investigations and was eventually diagnosed with a posterior circulation stroke resulting in left cerebellar infarction. He was treated with antiplatelet therapy and improved significantly over the following few days. We review and present an up-to-date brief literature review on the complications of catheter ablation of AF and describe pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options for posterior circulation stroke after AF ablation. This case aims to raise awareness among clinicians about posterior circulation stroke after AF ablation.

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Glioblastoma and MiRNAs

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13071581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1581

Author(s):

Swalih P. Ahmed ◽

Javier S. Castresana ◽

Mehdi H. Shahi

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumors ◽

Human Body ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Therapeutic Success ◽

Knowing That ◽

Almost All ◽

Cell Signaling Pathways

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common types of lethal brain tumors. Although several treatment options are available including surgery, along with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy, the disease has a poor prognosis and patients generally die within 14 months of diagnosis. GB is chemo and radio resistant. Thus, there is a critical need for new insights into GB treatment to increase the chance of therapeutic success. This is why microRNA (miRNA) is being potentially considered in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. The objective of our review is to provide a holistic picture of GB up-regulated and down-regulated miRNA, in relationship with the expression of other genes, cell signaling pathways, and their role in GB diagnosis and treatment. MiRNA treatment is being considered to be used against GB together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the use of miRNA as a diagnostic tool has also begun. Knowing that miRNAs are isolated in almost all human body fluids and that there are more than 3000 miRNAs in the human genome, plus the fact that each miRNA controls hundreds of different mRNAs, there is still much study needed to explore how miRNAs relate to GB for its proliferation, progression, and inhibition.

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Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia – S1 guideline of the German Society of Neurology

Neurological Research and Practice ◽

10.1186/s42466-021-00122-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rainer Dziewas ◽

Hans-Dieter Allescher ◽

Ilia Aroyo ◽

Gudrun Bartolome ◽

Ulrike Beilenhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Diseases ◽

Treatment Options ◽

German Society ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Neurogenic Dysphagia ◽

Treatment Interventions ◽

Term Care ◽

High Resolution Manometry ◽

Clinical Scenarios

Abstract Introduction Neurogenic dysphagia defines swallowing disorders caused by diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular transmission, or muscles. Neurogenic dysphagia is one of the most common and at the same time most dangerous symptoms of many neurological diseases. Its most important sequelae include aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration, and affected patients more often require long-term care and are exposed to an increased mortality. Based on a systematic pubmed research of related original papers, review articles, international guidelines and surveys about the diagnostics and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia, a consensus process was initiated, which included dysphagia experts from 27 medical societies. Recommendations This guideline consists of 53 recommendations covering in its first part the whole diagnostic spectrum from the dysphagia specific medical history, initial dysphagia screening and clinical assessment, to more refined instrumental procedures, such as flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, the videofluoroscopic swallowing study and high-resolution manometry. In addition, specific clinical scenarios are captured, among others the management of patients with nasogastric and tracheotomy tubes. The second part of this guideline is dedicated to the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia. Apart from dietary interventions and behavioral swallowing treatment, interventions to improve oral hygiene, pharmacological treatment options, different modalities of neurostimulation as well as minimally invasive and surgical therapies are dealt with. Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia is challenging and requires a joined effort of different medical professions. While the evidence supporting the implementation of dysphagia screening is rather convincing, further trials are needed to improve the quality of evidence for more refined methods of dysphagia diagnostics and, in particular, the different treatment options of neurogenic dysphagia. The present article is an abridged and translated version of the guideline recently published online (https://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/030-111l_Neurogene-Dysphagie_2020-05.pdf).

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Origin, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Options for SARS-CoV-2: A Review

Biologia ◽

10.1007/s11756-021-00792-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Humna Sajjad ◽

Mohsin Majeed ◽

Saiqa Imtiaz ◽

Mariyam Siddiqah ◽

Anila Sajjad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment

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TRACHEAL DIVERTICULUM: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.2102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 (4) ◽

pp. A2165

Author(s):

Anastasia Novikov ◽

Theo Trandafirescu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Tracheal Diverticulum

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Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow ◽

10.5397/cise.2020.00318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 203-209

Author(s):

Min-Su Kim ◽

In-Woo Kim ◽

Sanghyeon Lee ◽

Sang-Jin Shin

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Review Article ◽

Calcific Tendinitis ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Acute Calcific Tendinitis ◽

Calcific Deposits ◽

Pain Patients

Calcific tendinitis is the leading cause of shoulder pain. Among patients with calcific tendinitis, 2.7%–20% are asymptomatic, and 35%–45% of patients whose calcific deposits are inadvertently discovered develop shoulder pain. If symptoms are present, complications such as decreased range of motion of the shoulder joint should be minimized while managing pain. Patients with acute calcific tendinitis respond well to conservative treatment and rarely require surgery. In contrast, patients with chronic calcific tendinitis often do not respond to conservative treatment and do require surgery. Clinical improvement takes time, even after surgical treatment. This review article summarizes the processes related to the diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis with the aim of helping clinicians choose appropriate treatment options for their patients.

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