Corrigendum ‐ PM 5/8 (1) Guidelines on the phytosanitary measure ‘Plants grown under complete physical isolation’

Abstract This paper will illustrate the procedures to physically isolate one die in a stacked-die configuration. This highly reliable, systematic method allows for failure analysis engineers of all levels to successfully isolate the die of interest for further investigation.

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Magnetic Gears and Magnetically Geared Machines with Reduced Rare-Earth Elements for Vehicle Applications

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj12020052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Ali Al-Qarni ◽

Ayman EL-Refaie

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Permanent Magnet ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Electrical Machines ◽

Mechanical Structure ◽

Physical Isolation ◽

Rotational Components ◽

Rare Earth Content

This paper covers a new emerging class of electrical machines, namely, Magnetic Gears (MGs) and Magnetically Geared Machines (MGMs). This particular kind of gears/machines is capable of either scaling up or down the revolutions-per-minute to meet various load profiles as in the case of mechanical gearboxes, but with physical isolation between the rotating components. This physical isolation between the rotational components leads to several advantages in favor of MGs and MGMs over mechanical gearboxes. Although MGs and MGMs can potentially provide a solution for some of the practical issues of mechanical gears, MGs and MGMs have two major challenges that researchers have been trying to address. Those challenges are the high usage of rare-earth Permanent Magnet (PM) materials and the relatively complex mechanical structure of MGs and MGMs, both of which are a consequence of the multi-airgap design. This paper presents designs that reduce the PM rare-earth content for Electric Vehicles (EVs). Additionally, the paper will ensure having practical designs that do not run the risk of permanent demagnetization. The paper will also discuss some new designs to simplify the mechanical structure.

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Atomized urbanism: secrecy and security from the Gulag to the Soviet closed cities

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926820000796 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Asif Siddiqi

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Urban Geography ◽

General Public ◽

Early History ◽

Physical Isolation ◽

History Of ◽

Camp System ◽

Spatial Terms ◽

The Cold War ◽

The City

Abstract This article recovers the early history of the Soviet ‘closed city’, towns that during the Cold War were absent from maps and unknown to the general public due to their involvement in weapons research. I argue that the closed cities echoed and appropriated features of the Stalinist Gulag camp system, principally their adoption of physical isolation and the language of obfuscation. In doing so, I highlight a process called ‘atomized urbanism’ that embodies the tension between the obdurate reality of the city and the goal of the state to obliterate that reality through secrecy. In spatial terms, ‘atomized’ also describes the urban geography of these cities which lacked any kind of organic suburban expansion.

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Combination of Modified Atmosphere and Irradiation for the Phytosanitary Disinfestation of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 442

Author(s):

Qing-Ying Zhao ◽

Tian-Xiu Li ◽

Zi-Jiao Song ◽

Tao Sun ◽

Bo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Stage ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Trogoderma Granarium ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Phytosanitary Measure ◽

Ma Packaging ◽

Confirmatory Tests ◽

Lethal Time

The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, is defined as one of the most important quarantine pests globally, and fumigation with methyl bromide, an ozone-depleting substance, is a common phytosanitary measure currently used. The modified atmosphere (MA), irradiation, and their combination treatments of T. granarium larvae and adults were performed at room temperature (24–26 ℃) to develop an ecofriendly phytosanitary disinfestation measure and to shorten the exposure time and overcome treatment disadvantages of irradiation. Late-stage larvae are determined as the most tolerant stage resulted in large LT99.9968 values of 32.6 (29.2–37.5) and 38.0 (35.1–41.7) days treated under 1% and 2% O2 (with N2 balance) atmosphere, respectively. Ionizing radiation was used to enhance the effect of MA and the mortality was highly significantly affected by all the interaction effects, indicating that the synergistic effects present in all the combined treatments. The synergistic ratios, which is defined as the estimated lethal time for MA treatment (LD90, LD99, and LD99.9968), divided by that of combined treatment, were between 1.47 and 2.47. In the confirmatory tests, no individuals recovered from a sum of 111,366 late-stage larvae treated under 1% O2 atmosphere for 14- or 15-d after 200 Gy irradiation, which resulted in validating the probit estimations and achieving an efficacy of 99.9973% mortality at 95% confidence level. Therefore, these treatment schedules are recommended to disinfest T. granarium infecting commodities for phytosanitary purposes under the warehouse, MA packaging, or in combination with international transportation by train or sea container.

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Study on rapid screening technology of antisense oligonucleotides for SARS-CoV-2

10.21203/rs.3.rs-479520/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huawei Shen

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Short Term ◽

Physical Isolation ◽

The World ◽

Actual Use ◽

Screening Technology

Abstract According to the structural characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid,SARS-CoV-2 genomes were virtually segmented.After comparing with human genome,44707 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and 26 primates' genomes, 19 antisense oligonucleotides sequences were selected.Experimental results show that the combined inhibitory effect reaches 100% . Significance statement：Currently, effective methods of controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are very limited, only physical isolation and vaccination.Although physical isolation can achieve some short-term results, but can not fundamentally solve the problem of epidemic spread.The time between the development of a vaccine and its actual use is very long.It often happens that the vaccine is developed successfully, but the epidemic situation is beyond control.If a mutant strain emerges, it will take longer.I hope that the rapid screening technology of SARS-CoV-2 antisense oligonucleotides will light up new hope for the future of mankind and contribute oriental wisdom to the world.

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Evaluation of the Corrosivity of Dust Deposited on Waste Packages at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-932-106.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 932 ◽

Author(s):

Charles Bryan ◽

Russell Jarek ◽

Thomas Wolery ◽

David Shields ◽

Mark Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Product ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Yucca Mountain ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Small Droplet ◽

Waste Package ◽

Physical Isolation ◽

Salt Minerals ◽

Dry Out ◽

Diffusive Gradients

ABSTRACTPotentially corrosive brines can form during post-closure by deliquescence of salt minerals in dust deposited on the surface of waste packages at Yucca Mountain during operations and the pre-closure ventilation period. Although thermodynamic modeling and experimental studies of brine deliquescence indicates that brines are likely to form, they will be nitrate-rich and noncorrosive. Processes that modify the brines following deliquescence are beneficial with respect to inhibition of corrosion. For example, acid degassing (HCl, HNO3) could dry out brines, but kinetic limitations are likely to limit the effect to increasing their passivity by raising the pH and increasing the NO3/Cl ratio.Predicted dust quantities and maximum brine volumes on the waste package surface are small, and physical isolation of salt minerals in the dust may inhibit formation of eutectic brines and decrease brine volumes. If brines do contact the WP surface, small droplet volumes and layer thicknesses do not support development of diffusive gradients necessary for formation on separate anodic-cathodic zones required for localized corrosion. Finally, should localized corrosion initiate, corrosion product buildup will stifle corrosion, by limiting oxygen access to the metal surface, by capillary retention of brine in corrosion product porosity, or by consumption of brine components (Cl−).

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Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic cotton is constrained by physical isolation measures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-21312-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shuo Yan ◽

Weilong Zhu ◽

Boyu Zhang ◽

Xinmi Zhang ◽

Jialin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Transgenic Cotton ◽

Physical Isolation

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Tomato viruses especially dangerous for vegetable growing of Russia

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2021.93.45.001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽

Е.В. Каримова ◽

Ю.Н. Приходько ◽

Е.Н. Лозовая ◽

Т.С. Живаева

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Federal State ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Planting Material ◽

Phytosanitary Measure ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Almost All

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.

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The specifics of foreign language distance learning

Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport ◽

10.20291/2079-0392-2020-4-72-78 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

N. A. Drutsko ◽

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Language Learning ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Online Communication ◽

Foreign Language Learning ◽

Stressful Environment ◽

Online Mode ◽

Physical Isolation ◽

University Classrooms ◽

Absolute Advantage

The internationality of the communicative community and the incessant process of modernization require from railway specialists the skill of freely interacting with native speakers of another language. Knowledge of a foreign language at a time when many types of activities have switched to remote functioning is an absolute advantage. This is both the opportunity to obtain relevant knowledge from foreign language sources, and the freedom to communicate and exchange experience with colleagues, regardless of which language they are native speakers. Learning online increases the responsibility of the future railway specialist for the result of mastering a foreign language, conscientiousness in organizing his own educational activities, and independence in completing assignments. The importance of learning a foreign language for railway students during a pandemic remains extremely high. With an eye on quarantine measures, we note that the inability of live communication with people is compensated by online communication channels. The greater number of tools future specialists possess, the more successful they are in coping with the current problems. A foreign language (especially English as a working language of business communication) is one of these tools. The quarantine did not prevent railway specialists from contacting their foreign colleagues, actively sharing their experience, thus being able to cope with a stressful environment in a much better way. Those specialists who switched to online mode and had to communicate with clients using communication tools also noted tangible advantages in knowing a foreign language. In case of forced physical isolation, USURT teachers use productive forms and methods, making foreign language learning no less interesting than in university classrooms. In this article, the author provides a comparative analysis of the capabilities of various online platforms and makes arguments in favor of choosing the Blackboard digital platform. Particular attention is paid to the organization of remote control over training and the forms of influence on the motivational sphere of students.

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