Tomato viruses especially dangerous for vegetable growing of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽  
Е.В. Каримова ◽  
Ю.Н. Приходько ◽  
Е.Н. Лозовая ◽  
Т.С. Живаева

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
А.М. Малько ◽  
Ю.Н. Николаев ◽  
А.В. Живых ◽  
О.А. Герасименко

ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» сегодня – самое крупное федеральное государственное учреждение, подведомственное Минсельхозу России и занимающееся предоставлением услуг в области растениеводства. 78 филиалов нашей организации в субъектах Российской Федерации, более 1200 отделений филиалов в районных муниципальных образованиях, позволяют учреждению быть ближе к каждому сельхозтоваропроизводителю. Консультационные услуги в сельской местности весьма востребованы как сельхозтоваропроизводителями, так и владельцами личных подсобных хозяйств. Во всем мире в том или ином виде для помощи аграриям существуют различные организации, оказывающие помощь в возникающих при с.-х. производстве вопросах. Для доступности услуг ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» в регионах Российской Федерации организованы консультационные пункты, в которых кроме консультации в области защиты растений и семеноводства, можно приобрести качественный посевной и посадочный материал, препараты для защиты растений, агрохимикаты и т.д. Отдельное направление работы консультационных пунктов – продвижение сортов отечественных научных учреждений и оригинаторов. Создан алгоритм взаимодействия с научно-исследовательскими институтами, селекционными центрами, оригинаторами, а также разработан план мероприятий, направленный на совершенствование мер по стимулированию аграриев к использованию достижений российского семеноводства. Работа в этом направлении позволит снизить зависимость отечественных товаропроизводителей от зарубежных поставок семенного фонда и повысить эффективность производства с.-х. культур. Перспективное направление работы консультационных пунктов – распространение брендовой продукции с логотипом ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр»: пакетированные семена, биопрепараты для защиты растений и агрохимикаты, биопрепараты для силосования. Основная отличительная особенность этой продукции – уверенность покупателей в ее качестве, благодаря чему она пользуется высокой популярностью. Работа ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» по предоставлению услуг консультационными пунктами, как показал опыт, вызывает высокий интерес аграриев в регионах Российской Федерации. Они справедливо называют ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» своим главным помощником в нелегком сельском труде. FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» today is the largest federal state institution subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and engaged in the provision of crop production services. 78 branches of our organization in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 1200 branches of affiliates in regional municipalities, allow the institution to be closer to every agricultural producer. Consulting services in rural areas are in great demand both with agricultural producers and owners of personal subsidiary plots. All over the world, in one form or another, there are various organizations providing assistance in issues of agricultural production, in order to help farmers. For the availability of the services of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» consulting centers have been organized, in the regions of the Russian Federation, where, in addition to consulting on plant protection and seed production, one can purchase high-quality seed and planting material, plant protection chemicals, agrochemicals, etc. A separate area of work of consulting centers is to carry out organizational work for varieties of domestic scientific institutions and originators promotion. An algorithm for interaction with research institutes, breeding centers, originators has been created, and an action plan has been developed for the improvement measures with objective to encourage farmers the achievements of Russian seed production usage. Work in this area will reduce the dependence of domestic producers on imported seed supplies and the increase of crop production efficiency. A promising area of consulting centers work is the distribution of branded products with the logo of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr»: packaged seed, biological products for plant protection and agrochemicals, biological products for silage. The main distinguishing feature of these products is customer’s confidence in their quality, and therefore it is of high popularity. Experience has shown that the work of the FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» on the provision of services by consulting centers is of great interest to farmers in the regions of the Russian Federation. They worthily regard the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» as the main assistant in difficult farm work.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649
Author(s):  
G.T. Shkiperova ◽  
P.V. Druzhinin

Subject. Considering the existing environmental situation, it becomes especially important for the State to regulate the anthropogenic footprint on the environment in the Russian Federation. Current amendments to the legislative framework for environmental security are intended to ensure the innovative development of regions concurrently with a reduction in adverse environmental effects and more active environmental policy. Objectives. The research is to devise methodological tools to evaluate the efficiency of environmental policy in regions. Methods. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods of economic analysis, including statistical and content analysis, rating, matrix zoning. The dataset proceeds from the Federal State Statistics Service, governmental reports on the current environmental situation and environmental protection in the Russian Federation. Results. We propose our own approach to evaluating the efficiency of environmental policy. It may help trace the correlation between the quality of strategic documents and changes in environmental indicators for a certain period, flag the challenging areas in terms of the environmental policy implementation and outline possible development paths. The approach extends the list of quantification indicators in line with those ones adopted internationally and presented in the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2025. We evaluated the efficiency of the environmental policy referring to the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2012–2016. Conclusions. Having analyzed the evaluation results, most of the Northwestern regions tend to be controversial and ambivalent in setting environmental goals and achieving them. The findings may prove useful as the analytical and data basis for articulating the environmental and economic policy of the regions.


Author(s):  
Mikhail Bubynin ◽  
Mikhail Bubynin ◽  
Valery Abramov ◽  
Valery Abramov ◽  
Gennady Zabolotnikov ◽  
...  

The paper considers the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, from the point of view of the development of scientific research, identified by the main strategic documents of national policy and security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Measures for implementation of priorities in the development of scientific research in the Arctic can be divided into three main sections: 1. Scientific projects and expeditions in the Arctic; 2. International activities; 3. Coordination and implementation of integrated research in the Arctic. Note that currently the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation develops the Analytical Coordination Program “Comprehensive research of the Arctic and Antarctic”, in cooperation with the federal state bodies and Governance of the Subjects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The mechanism of the Program will ensure coordination between state bodies for integrated scientific researches in the Arctic in the interests of economic and scientific development of the region, and the creation of the scientific, technical and technological reserve in order to ensure of national security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.


Author(s):  
I.M. DUNIN ◽  
S.E. TYAPUGIN ◽  
R.K. MESHCHEROV ◽  
V.P. HODYKOV ◽  
V.K. ADZHIBEKOV ◽  
...  

Рассмотрены состояние и перспективы развития мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации. Проведен мониторинг численности поголовья, породного состава и продуктивности мясного крупного рогатого скота во всех категориях хозяйств, изучены масштабы и объемы бонитировки скота за 20102018 годы. По данным Минсельхоза России, в 2018 году поголовье крупного рогатого скота в стране составило более 18 млн голов, в том числе численность животных специализированных мясных пород во всех категориях хозяйств достигла 2,26 млн голов. Комплексная оценка 711,16 тыс. голов, или 34,1 от общей численности мясного скота, в том числе 389,8 тыс. коров, принадлежащих к 15 породам и типам, разводимым в 57 регионах Российской Федерации показала, что наибольшее подконтрольное поголовье имеют абердин ангусская порода (417545 гол.), калмыцкая (137262 гол.), герефордская (87278 гол.) и казахская белоголовая породы (52563 гол.). Все подконтрольное поголовье животных является чистопородным и IV поколения, в том числе 99,7 быков-производителей и 99,3 коров. Анализ живой массы пробонитированного поголовья выявил тенденцию к ее повышению у коров всех возрастов в среднем на 54 кг, быков производителей на 39 кг, или на 16,7 и 5,2 за последние 9 лет, соответственно. Живая масса коров по итогам 2018 года в среднем составила 546 кг, быков-производителей 791 кг. По состоянию на 1.01.2019 года, племенная база мясного скотоводства страны представлена 270 племенными стадами, в том числе 46 племенными заводами и 224 племенными репродукторами. В 2018 году в различные категории хозяйств из племенных предприятий было продано 35517 голов племенного молодняка, в том числе 6388 ремонтных бычка с классами элита и элита-рекорд (85,3). В 2018 году было продано племенного молодняка в расчете на 100 коров галловейской породы 33,0 головы, казахской белоголовой 29,1 герефордской 28,0 калмыцкой 22,2 лимузинской 15,5 абердин ангусской 8,8 русской комолой 8,2 и симментальской мясной 4,7 голов. На основании мониторинга состояния мясного скотоводства страны за 20102018 годы были намечены перспективы дальнейшего развития.The article considers the state and prospects of development of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation. The number of livestock, breed composition and productivity of beef cattle in all categories of farms was monitored, the scale and volumes of bonding of cattle for the studied 9-year period (20102018) were studied. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, in 2018 the number of cattle in the country amounted to more than 18 million heads, including the number of cattle of specialized meat breeds in all categories of farms reached 2.26 million heads. A comprehensive assessment of the number of livestock in the amount of 711.16 thousand animals or 34.1 of the total number of beef cattle, including: cows 389.8 thousand heads belonging to 15 breeds and types bred in 57 regions of the Russian Federation, showed that the largest controlled livestock are: Aberdeen Angus breed 417545 animals, Kalmyk 1372726 animals, Hereford 87278 animals and Kazakh white-headed breed 52563 animals. Almost all of the controlled livestock of animals is purebred and IV generation, including: respectively 99.7 of bulls producers and 99.3 of cows. The analysis of live mass of a livestock revealed a tendency to its increase at cows of all age on average on 54 kg, bulls on 39 kgor for 16.7 and 5.2 for the last 9 years respectively. The live mass of cows following the results of 2018 averaged 546 kg, bulls 791 kg. As of January 1, 2019, the breeding base of beef cattle breeding in the country is represented by 270 breeding herds, including: 46 breeding plants and 224 breeding reproducers. In 2018, 35,517 heads of pedigree young animals were sold to various categories of farms from pedigree enterprises, including 6,388 repair bulls with elite classes and an elite record record for appraisal (85.3). An analysis of the sales volume of pedigree young animals in the context of farmed meat breeds showed that in 2018 pedigree young animals per 100 cows were sold in the country: Galloveian breed 33.0 goals, Kazakh white-headed 29.1 goals, Hereford 28, 0 goals., Kalmyk 22.2 goals., Limousin 15.5 goals., Aberdeen Angus 8.8 goals, Russian kolola 8.2 and Simmental meat 4.7 goals. Based on the monitoring of the state of beef cattle breeding in the country for the study period (20102018), prospects for further development were outlined.


2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).


Author(s):  
F.V. Matveenkov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Tolstova ◽  
O.V. Masharova ◽  
O.V. Sachkova ◽  
...  

Risk-oriented approach in the implementation of control (supervision) activities is an important state task that affects the country economy. As part of the implementation of the priority area of reforming control and supervision activities, the Federal Law «On the state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation» was adopted, which comes into force on July 1, 2021. In order to implement the Federal Law «On state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation», it is advisable to revise the regulation on the federal state energy supervision. It is required to study the issue of taking into account the risks of causing harm (damage) to legally protected values when carrying out control (supervision) activities in relation to the subjects (objects) of the energy sector, as well as criteria for assigning it to the risk category and indicators of the risk of mandatory requirements violation. Currently, the only criterion for assigning the harm (damage) to the risk category is the dependence on the established and (or) transmitted capacity of the energy facilities used, which is nonobjective due to the changes in the normative-regulatory framework for the implementation of control and supervision activities. It is required to study the issue of categorization depending on the established (transmitted) capacity of the object, the amount of economic damage as a result of the implementation of emergency situations and (or) emergency incidents (in value terms), the number of people killed (irretrievable losses), the number of people whose vital functions were disrupted as a result of the implementation of emergency situations and (or) emergency incidents.


2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
О.В. Чеха

В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования на рынке производства и переработки хмеля. Проанализированы отчеты фирмы «Барт» и годовые отчеты International Hop Growers’ Convention в период 2007-2020 гг. Приведены и систематизированы данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики Российской Федерации, по Чувашской Республике и официального интернет-портала органов власти Чувашской Республики по формированию внутреннего рынка хмеля. Предложены меры регионального регулирования отрасли, которые согласованы с утверждённой Концепцией развития хмелеводства в Чувашской Республике на 2020-2025 гг. в рамках государственной программы. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the market of hop production and processing. The reports of the company «Bart» and the annual reports of International Hop Growers'are analyzed Convention in the period 2007-2020. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the Chuvash Republic and the official Internet portal of the authorities of the Chuvash Republic on the formation of the domestic hop market are presented and systematized. The measures of regional regulation of the industry are proposed, which are coordinated with the approved Concept of hop growing development in the Chuvash Republic for 2020-2025 within the framework of the state program.


Author(s):  
Olga A. Balabeikina ◽  
◽  
Karine S. Gavrilova ◽  
Julia A. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
...  

By the example of the Arkhangelsk region, the process of religious tourism development on the northern Russian subjects territory in the dynamics of the post-Soviet decades, is analyzed. The northern regions of the country are far from its main economic centers, which is not only a limiting factor, but also a competitive advantage for the development of niche types of tourism, which is determined by the creation and implementation of variety of tourist products that are competitive and generate stable demand. In modern conditions, a competent and consistent tourist brand development of the territory is necessary for the successful recreational services promotion on the market. The main purpose of the submitted research is to identify the religious tourism role in the tourist branding of the Arkhangelsk region.The Arkhangelsk region is a region of ancient development and settlement, characterized by a large number of Orthodox religious infrastructure objects. To identify the degree of its placement uniformity, calculations of territorial concentration coefficient were made. By results, the conclusion is justified that Orthodox chapels, temples and monasteries are dispersed and, accordingly, several administrative districts of the region are allocated, acting as the core of the development of Orthodox religious tourism. The list and structure analysis results of the already approved and announced routes of religious tourism in the Arkhangelsk region allow us to assert that the designated sub-sector of recreational economy contributes to the development of local folk crafts, individual entrepreneurship, the preservation and historical and cultural heritage objects revival, as well as the preservation of settlements remote from large centers. The arguments are given in favor of the fact that religious tourism occupies an essential place in the tourist branding of the Russian Federation studied subject. This is confirmed by the results of a survey specially developed and conducted by the authors, which was carried out in order to identify the importance of Orthodox religious infrastructure objects in the Arkhangelsk region perception system among the population of the Russian Federation. The main effective conclusion based on the article results is that the role of religious tourism in the tourist branding of the Russian Federation studied subject is undeniably high, and the further development and improvement of the Arkhangelsk region tourist brand can be largely associated with religious tourism in the organization of a systematic approach to the use of marketing tools.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ninalalova

The textbook describes the budget and the budget system of the Russian Federation, examines the composition and structure of budget revenues and expenditures at all levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation, the features of the organization of the budget process in the Russian Federation, the content of budget federalism and inter-budget relations in the country, the features of the formation of state extra-budgetary funds, as well as the basics of the organization of budget and financial control in the country. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students, postgraduates, teachers of economic fields, as well as for researchers and practitioners dealing with problems of public finance and the financial system.


2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Natalya Vinogradova

The publication proposes to discuss the problem of teaching children of immigrants who have arrived in our country and need to adapt to the new social, linguistic and cultural environment. The principles underlying the organization of education for children of immigrants in the Russian Federation, and the conditions for their education in educational institutions of our country, which were formulated at a meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Interethnic Relations on March 30, 2021, are given. The content of the state order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to the Federal State the budgetary scientific institution “Institute of Education Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education” to study the difficulties faced by children of immigrants in the process of adaptation. The result of the study should be the creation of a set of guidelines for teachers organizing the work of classes in which children of immigrants study.


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