Analysis of risk factors for blood transfusion in preterm infants based on statistical analysis

An outpatient examination of 530 employees engaged in work with chemical weapons related to organophosphorus compounds at chemically hazardous facilities was carried out. Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherogenic etiology among personnel of the facilities were studied in relation to the type of work performed using statistical analysis methods. When assessing the lipidogram, a high incidence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in a group of personnel involved in the storage of chemical weapons was found out in comparison with a group of people engaged in the destruction and control of chemical weapons (73.1 vs 61.2 vs 59.6%, p

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Risk Factors Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Claudia Ioana Borțea ◽

Florina Stoica ◽

Marioara Boia ◽

Emil Radu Iacob ◽

Mihai Dinu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Extremely Preterm Infants ◽

Surfactant Administration ◽

Stage 1

Background and Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in preterm infants. We studied the relationship between different perinatal characteristics, i.e., sex; gestational age (GA); birth weight (BW); C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations; ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and surfactant administration; and the incidence of Stage 1–3 ROP. Materials and Methods: This study included 247 preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks that were successfully screened for ROP. Univariate and multivariate binary analyses were performed to find the most significant risk factors for ROP (Stage 1–3), while multivariate multinomial analysis was used to find the most significant risk factors for specific ROP stages, i.e., Stage 1, 2, and 3. Results: The incidence of ROP (Stage 1–3) was 66.40% (164 infants), while that of Stage 1, 2, and 3 ROP was 15.38% (38 infants), 27.53% (68 infants), and 23.48% (58 infants), respectively. Following univariate analysis, multiple perinatal characteristics, i.e., GA; BW; and ventilation, CPAP, and surfactant administration, were found to be statistically significant risk factors for ROP (p < 0.001). However, in a multivariate model using the same characteristics, only BW and ventilation were significant ROP predictors (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate multinomial analysis revealed that BW was only significantly correlated with Stage 2 and 3 ROP (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), while ventilation was only significantly correlated with Stage 2 ROP (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that GA; BW; and the use of ventilation, CPAP, and surfactant were all significant risk factors for ROP (Stage 1–3), but only BW and ventilation were significantly correlated with ROP and specific stages of the disease, namely Stage 2 and 3 ROP and Stage 2 ROP, respectively, in multivariate models.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis and the microbiome: Current status and future directions

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa604 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Thänert ◽

Eric C Keen ◽

Gautam Dantas ◽

Barbara B Warner ◽

Phillip I Tarr

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Directions ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis

Abstract Decades of research have failed to define the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating pediatric gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. However, recent evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions, in which microbial dysbiosis is followed by loss of barrier integrity, inflammation, and necrosis, are central to NEC development. Thus, greater knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome could accelerate attempts to diagnose, treat, and prevent NEC. Here, we summarize clinical characteristics of and risk factors for NEC, the structure of the pre-event NEC microbiome, how this community interfaces with host immunology, and microbiome-based approaches that might prevent or lessen the severity of NEC in this very vulnerable population.

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Impact of smoking and fetal gender on preterm delivery

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174420000999 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Veronika Günther ◽

Ibrahim Alkatout ◽

Alexandra Stein ◽

Nicolai Maass ◽

Alexander Strauss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Preterm Births ◽

World Health ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Fetal Gender ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Heavy Smokers

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the most important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in industrialized nations. We aimed to establish how fetal gender and smoking interact with regard to perinatal outcomes, especially preterm delivery. Data from 220,339 singleton pregnancies, obtained from the German Perinatal Survey in Schleswig-Holstein and registered between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed in regard to smoking behavior, fetal gender, and preterm delivery. The rate of preterm births was directly proportional to the women’s consumption of nicotine. The rate of preterm deliveries was 6.8% among nonsmokers, and 13.2% in women who were very heavy smokers (≥22 cigarettes/day). Very heavy smoking (≥22 cigarettes/day) had a marked impact on extremely preterm births (<28 weeks of gestation) and very preterm births (28–31 weeks of gestation). Preterm births increased by 1.2% from heavy smokers to very heavy smokers; the differences between the other groups ranged between 0.1% and 0.4%. Fetal gender also had an impact on preterm birth: male infants were predominant in nearly all groups of women who delivered preterm infants. Smoking during pregnancy and male gender are both risk factors for preterm delivery. Fetal gender should be given greater attention as one of the several risk factors of preterm birth. Due to the high rate of morbidity among preterm infants and enormous costs for the healthcare system, women should be encouraged to cease or at least reduce smoking during pregnancy.

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Preoperative risk factors for postoperative blood transfusion after hip fracture surgery: establishment of a nomogram

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02557-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fu Cheng Bian ◽

Xiao Kang Cheng ◽

Yong Sheng An

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Preoperative Risk ◽

Hip Fracture Surgery ◽

Preoperative Risk Factors ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Fracture Surgery

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the preoperative risk factors related to blood transfusion after hip fracture operations and to establish a nomogram prediction model. The application of this model will likely reduce unnecessary transfusions and avoid wasting blood products. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing hip fracture surgery from January 2013 to January 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between preoperative risk factors and blood transfusion after hip fracture operations. Finally, the risk factors obtained from the multivariate regression analysis were used to establish the nomogram model. The validation of the nomogram was assessed by the concordance index (C-index), the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. Results A total of 820 patients were included in the present study for evaluation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), general anesthesia (GA), non-use of tranexamic acid (TXA), and older age were independent risk factors for blood transfusion after hip fracture operation. The C-index of this model was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.89). Internal validation proved the nomogram model’s adequacy and accuracy, and the results showed that the predicted value agreed well with the actual values. Conclusions A nomogram model was developed based on independent risk factors for blood transfusion after hip fracture surgery. Preoperative intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of blood transfusion after hip fracture operations.

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