scholarly journals Dampening prey cycle overrides the impact of climate change on predator population dynamics: a long‐term demographic study on tawny owls

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1770-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Millon ◽  
Steve J. Petty ◽  
Brian Little ◽  
Olivier Gimenez ◽  
Thomas Cornulier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global-scale analysis of ecologically relevant river flow alterations

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Döll ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. River flow regimes, including long-term average flows, seasonality, low flows, high flows and other types of flow variability, play an important role for freshwater ecosystems. Thus, climate change affects freshwater ecosystems not only by increased temperatures but also by altered river flow regimes. However, with one exception, transferable quantitative relations between flow alterations and ecological responses have not yet been derived. While discharge decreases are generally considered to be detrimental for ecosystems, the effect of future discharge increases is unclear. As a first step towards a global-scale analysis of climate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems, we quantified the impact of climate change on five ecologically relevant river flow indicators, using the global water model WaterGAP 2.1g to simulate monthly time series of river discharge with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees. Four climate change scenarios based on two global climate models and two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios were evaluated. We compared the impact of climate change by the 2050s to the impact of water withdrawals and dams on natural flow regimes that had occurred by 2002. Climate change was computed to alter seasonal flow regimes significantly (i.e. by more than 10%) on 90% of the global land area (excluding Greenland and Antarctica), as compared to only one quarter of the land area that had suffered from significant seasonal flow regime alterations due to dams and water withdrawals. Due to climate change, the timing of the maximum mean monthly river discharge will be shifted by at least one month on one third on the global land area, more often towards earlier months (mainly due to earlier snowmelt). Dams and withdrawals had caused comparable shifts on less than 5% of the land area only. Long-term average annual river discharge is predicted to significantly increase on one half of the land area, and to significantly decrease on one quarter. Dams and withdrawals had led to significant decreases on one sixth of the land area, and nowhere to increases. Thus, by the 2050s, climate change may have impacted ecologically relevant river flow characteristics more strongly than dams and water withdrawals have up to now. The only exception refers to the decrease of the statistical low flow Q90, with significant decreases both by past water withdrawals and future climate change on one quarter of the land area. However, dam impacts are likely underestimated by our study. Considering long-term average river discharge, only a few regions, including Spain, Italy, Iraq, Southern India, Western China, the Australian Murray Darling Basin and the High Plains Aquifer in the USA, all of them with extensive irrigation, are expected to be less affected by climate change than by past anthropogenic flow alterations. In some of these regions, climate change will exacerbate the discharge reductions, while in others climate change provides opportunities for reducing past reductions. Emissions scenario B2 leads to only slightly reduced alterations of river flow regimes as compared to scenario A2 even though emissions are much smaller. The differences in alterations resulting from the two applied climate models are larger than those resulting from the two emissions scenarios. Based on general knowledge about ecosystem responses to flow alterations and data related to flow alterations by dams and water withdrawals, we expect that the computed climate change induced river flow alterations will impact freshwater ecosystems more strongly than past anthropogenic alterations.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Yield and Production in the Sahel: Case of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shéïtan Sossou ◽  
Charlemagne Babatounde Igue ◽  
Moussa Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. It affects all countries in the world, especially Sahelian countries in Africa. This paper aimed at evaluating the impact of climate change on cereal yield in Burkina Faso. The ordinary least squares (OLS) was applied to time-series data from 1991 to 2016 collected on the World Bank website. The results have shown that temperature adversely affects yield and cereal production, while precipitation has positive effect. An increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase cereal production by 385 tons in the long term and 252 tons in the short term. In the same, an increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase agricultural yield by 9 kg per hectare in the long term. However, in the short term, an increase in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and agricultural yield of 134748 tons and 72 kg per hectare, respectively. However, in the long term, a rise in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and cereal yield of 154 634 tons and 1074 kg per hectare, respectively. Besides, the results indicate that the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has no significant effect on yield and cereal production. Implementing effective adaptation strategies, such as access to improved seed, introduce smart agriculture in the system of cereal in Burkina Faso and increasing irrigation infrastructure could reduce the cereal production's vulnerability to climate shocks.

Climate change impact on NW Shelf seabed evolution and its implication for offshore pipeline design

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjun Li ◽  
Cedric Griffiths ◽  
Tristan Salles ◽  
Chris Dyt ◽  
Ming Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the impact of climate change on seabed sediment transport in the north-western region of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has been investigated by a state-of-the-art numerical sediment transport model, Sedsim. It links the environmental forces and seabed response into a dynamic sedimentation system. Although numerical implementation of some forcing and responses is approximate, it is a significant step forward in understanding the nature of potential long-term seabed changes as well as in evaluating the likely impact of climate change on the northwest Australian continental shelf. It was found that: the modelled high-energy climate change scenario produced 17% and 38% increases on total volumes of seabed transport in the northern and southern part of the Australian northwest region respectively; the Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF), the Leeuwin Current (LC) and high energy waves (associated with tropical cyclones) play the most important roles in large-scale long-term evolution of the NW seafloor; offshore pipeline design could usefully incorporate the changed risk profiles due to long-term non-stationarity of climate-derived forcing processes.

Adaptation to climate changes by farming households in developing countries: a case study of Eritrea

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
M.G. Debesai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farming Households

The impact of climate change on the livelihood of farming households is a great concern particularly in developing countries. Based on a household survey conducted in 2016, in Eritrea, this paper attempts to investigate the adaptation conditions to climate change impacts on smallholder farming household. Several socioeconomic, biophysical and environmental factors affecting their farming system were listed by the respondents, including drought, soil degradation, pests and diseases, poor farm management, poor soil fertility, poor agricultural tools, and poor seed quality. Farming households employed short term coping mechanisms and long term adaption strategies to overcome the problems resulted from climate variability. The households cope up with short term climate variability at the expense of deteriorating their resources or losing their assets temporarily or permanently while they practice a long term adaptation strategy which is more or less in favour of sustaining the resource and preserving the environment. It is, therefore, recommended that policymakers need to encourage sustainable development and work to reduce the negative impact of climate change on farming households by emphasising on both short tern coping mechanisms and long term adaptation strategies.

The impact of climate change on vadose zone pore waters and its implication for long-term monitoring

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Glassley ◽  
John J Nitao ◽  
Charles W Grant ◽  
James W Johnson ◽  
Carl I Steefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global-scale analysis of ecologically relevant river flow alterations

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1305-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Döll ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. River flow regimes, including long-term average flows, seasonality, low flows, high flows and other types of flow variability, play an important role for freshwater ecosystems. Thus, climate change affects freshwater ecosystems not only by increased temperatures but also by altered river flow regimes. However, with one exception, transferable quantitative relations between flow alterations and ecosystem responses have not yet been derived. While discharge decreases are generally considered to be detrimental for ecosystems, the effect of future discharge increases is unclear. As a first step towards a global-scale analysis of climate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems, we quantified the impact of climate change on five ecologically relevant river flow indicators, using the global water model WaterGAP 2.1g to simulate monthly time series of river discharge with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees. Four climate change scenarios based on two global climate models and two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios were evaluated. We compared the impact of climate change by the 2050s to the impact of water withdrawals and dams on natural flow regimes that had occurred by 2002. Climate change was computed to alter seasonal flow regimes significantly (i.e. by more than 10%) on 90% of the global land area (excluding Greenland and Antarctica), as compared to only one quarter of the land area that had suffered from significant seasonal flow regime alterations due to dams and water withdrawals. Due to climate change, the timing of the maximum mean monthly river discharge will be shifted by at least one month on one third on the global land area, more often towards earlier months (mainly due to earlier snowmelt). Dams and withdrawals had caused comparable shifts on less than 5% of the land area only. Long-term average annual river discharge is predicted to significantly increase on one half of the land area, and to significantly decrease on one quarter. Dams and withdrawals had led to significant decreases on one sixth of the land area, and nowhere to increases. Thus, by the 2050s, climate change will have impacted ecologically relevant river flow characteristics much more strongly than dams and water withdrawals have up to now. The only exception refers to the decrease of the statistical low flow Q90, with significant decreases both by past water withdrawals and future climate change on one quarter of the land area. Considering long-term average river discharge, only a few regions, including Spain, Italy, Iraq, Southern India, Western China, the Australian Murray Darling Basin and the High Plains Aquifer in the USA, all of them with extensive irrigation, are expected to be less affected by climate change than by past anthropogenic flow alterations. In some of these regions, climate change will exacerbate the discharge reduction. Emissions scenario B2 leads to only slightly reduced alterations of river flow regimes as compared to scenario A2 even though emissions are much smaller. The differences in alterations resulting from the two applied climate models are larger than those resulting from the two emissions scenarios. Based on general knowledge about ecosystem responses to flow alterations and data related to flow alterations by dams and water withdrawals, we expect that the computed climate change induced river flow alterations will impact freshwater ecosystems more strongly than past anthropogenic alterations.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Resources

2016 ◽  
pp. 196-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Climate change poses uncertainties to the supply and management of water resources. While climate change affects surface water resources directly through changes in the major long-term climate variables such as air temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration, the relationship between the changing climate variables and groundwater is more complicated and poorly understood. The greater variability in rainfall could mean more frequent and prolonged periods of high or low groundwater levels, and saline intrusion in coastal aquifers due to sea level rise and resource reduction. This chapter presents the likely impact of climate change on groundwater resources and methodology to assess the impact of climate change on groundwater resources.

On the Issue of the Impact of Climate Change on the Development of Russian Agriculture in the Long Term

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Ksenofontov ◽  
D. A. Polzikov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
The Impact
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